FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 


FIGHTING    BY 
SOUTHERN    FEDERALS 

In  which  the  author  places  the  numerical  strength  of  the  armies 
that  fought  for  the  Confederacy  at  approximately  1 ,000,000  men, 
and  shows  that  296,579  white  soldiers  living  in  the  South,  and 
137,676  colored  soldiers,  and  approximately  200,000  men  living 
in  the  North  that  were  born  in  the  South,  making  634,255 
southern  soldiers,  fought  for  the  Preservation  of  the  Union 


BY 

CHARLES  C.  ANDERSON 

LI 


NEW  YORK 

THE  NEALE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

1912 


Copyright,  1912,  by 
THE  NEALE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 


•N 


CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  I  PAOE 

General  View  —  Early  Moves  —  Fort  Sumter  — 
Ranging  the  Combatants  —  Gaining  Adherents 

—  Baltimore  —  Camp   Jackson  —  Western  Vir 
ginia  Campaign 9 

CHAPTER  II 

Bull  Run  —  Wilson's  Creek  —  Hatteras  Inlet  —  Bel- 
mont  —  Port  Royal  —  Mill  Springs  —  Fort 
Henry  —  Roanoke  Island  —  F'ort  Donelson  — 
Pea  Ridge  —  First  Iron-Clad  Battle  —  New 
Madrid  —  New  Bern  —  Kernstown  ....  41 

CHAPTER  III 

Shiloh  —  Fort  Pulaski  —  Advance  upon  Corinth  — 
Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip  —  Capture  of  New 
Orleans  —  Williamsburg  —  Craighead's  Bend  — 
Winchester  —  Fair  Oaks  —  Memphis  —  Cross 
Keys  —  Port  Republic  —  Seven  Days'  Battles 

—  Baton  Rouge 71 

CHAPTER  IV 

Second  Bull  Run  —  Richmond,  Ky. —  Chantilly  — 
South  Mountain  —  Harper's  Ferry  —  Sharps- 
burg  —  Corinth  —  Hatchie  Bridge  —  Perry ville 

—  Prairie      Grove  —  Fredericksburg  —  Chicka- 
saw     Bluffs  —  Murf  reesboro  —  Arkansas     Post 

—  Charleston  — -  Port     Gibson 100 

CHAPTER  V 

Chancellorsville  —  Champion's  Hill  —  Big  Black 
River  —  Vicksburg  —  Hoover's  Gap  —  Donald- 
sonville  —  Gettysburg  —  Helena  —  Charleston  .  131 

7 


8  CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  VI  PAGK 

Chickamauga  —  Chattanooga  —  Mine  Run  —  Tun 
nel  Hill  —  Red  River  Campaign  —  Wilderness  .  159 

CHAPTER  VII 

Rocky  Face  Ridge  —  Spotsylvania  —  Resaca  — 
North  Anna  —  Dallas  —  Cold  Harbor  —  Pied 
mont  —  Petersburg  —  Lynchburg  —  Kenesaw 
Mountain — Deep  Bottom — Monocacy — Peach 
Tree  Creek  —  Atlanta  —  Ezra  Church  .  .  .  190 

CHAPTER  VIII 

Mobile  Bay  —  Weldon  Railroad  —  Jonesboro  —  Ope- 
quon  —  Fisher's  Hill  —  Chaffin's  Farm  —  Cedar 
Creek  —  Marais  des  Cygnes  —  Hatcher's  Run 
—  Spring  Hill  —  Franklin  —  Nashville.  .  .  219 

CHAPTER  IX 

Fort  Fisher  —  Dabney's  Mills  —  Bull's  Bay  Expedi 
tion  —  Averysboro  —  Bentonville  —  Fort  Sted- 
man  —  Five  Forks  —  Petersburg  — •  Selma  — 
Sailor's  Creek  —  Farmville  —  Mobile  —  Appo- 
mattox  —  Capitulations  of  the  Confederate 
Armies  and  Fleets  .  248 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  SOUTHERN  OFFICERS  COM 
MANDING  BRIGADES,  OR  ABOVE  ;  COMMANDING  A 
VESSEL,  OR  MORE,  WITH  THEIR  RANK  AND 
RECORD,  SHOWING  WHERE  THEY  FOUGHT;  AND 
SOME  OTHER  SOUTHERNERS  WHO  NOTABLY 
AIDED  THE  FEDERAL  CAUSE. 

The  Rank  Given  is  the  Highest  Held  in  Battle. 
Many  Officers  Received  Promotion  to  Date  from 
March  13th,  1865,  and  Other  Dates,  Who  Ap 
pear  Not  to  Have  Been  Engaged  in  Battle 
Thereafter,  to  Command  Commensurately  .  .  275 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN 
FEDERALS 


CHAPTER  I 

GENERAL  VIEW  —  EARLY  MOVES  —  FORT  SUMTER  —  RANG-- 
ING  THE  COMBATANTS  —  GAINING  ADHERENTS  —  BALTIMORE 
—  CAMP  JACKSON  —  WESTERN  VIRGINIA  CAMPAIGN. 

THE  people  of  Maryland,  Kentucky  and  Missouri  who 
were  not  disposed  to  fight  as  Confederates  were  numerous 
enough  to  prevent  their  States  from  being  used  as  supports 
of  the  Confederacy.  These  southern  States  did  not  need 
northern  armies  to  overwhelm  such  Confederates  as  were 
their  own  citizens.  As  to  them,  the  event  did  not  assume 
the  shape  of  an  offensive  movement  of  northern  armies 
against  the  majority  in  opposition.  The  Maryland,  Ken 
tucky  and  Missouri  antagonists  of  the  Confederates  did 
the  great  part  of  the  frustrating  of  their  Confederate  citi 
zens  who  struggled  within  these  respective  States,  and  in 
each  helped  fight  those  Confederates  who  entered  the  State 
from  other  southern  States,  and,  furthermore,  participated 
outside  of  their  State  in  the  contest  against  the  Confed 
erates.  To  southern  men  recognition  should  be  given  that 
Maryland,  Kentucky  and  Missouri  were  kept  from  the  Con 
federates,  and  that  northern  armies  were  not  worn  battling 
to  reclaim  them.  A  great  difference  there  would  have  been 
in  the  relative  strength  of  the  two  combatants  had  the 
power  of  Maryland,  Kentucky  and  Missouri  been  thrown 
to  the  Confederate  side,  and  had  northern  armies  met  at 
their  northern  boundaries  Confederate  armies  intent  on  dis- 

9 


10     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

puting  every  inch  of  the  way,  aided  by  all  the  govern 
mental  power  that  the  State  administrations  could  exert. 

The  Federal  forces  which  essayed  to  occupy  that  part 
of  Virginia  which  was  formed  later  into  the  State  of  West 
Virginia  were  composed  partly  of  soldiers  from  that  region 
and  Kentucky,  and  were  not  resisted  by  the  western  Vir 
ginia  citizens  generally.  Virginians  along  the  Ohio  River 
did  not  rise  to  arms,  a  united  people,  to  resist  the  Federal 
advance,  and  this  left  the  way  clear. 

A  large  part  of  the  population  of  east  Tennessee  was 
against  the  Confederates.  While  the  Confederates  were  in 
the  majority,  taking  the  State  as  a  whole,  they  lost  control 
early  of  much  of  the  resourceful  area  elsewhere  in  the 
State,  and  were  unable  to  draw  strongly  upon  the  lost  area 
for  troops. 

In  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia  and  Alabama  also  were  many  men  who  did  not  side 
with  the  Confederates.  In  fact,  the  entire  mountain  region 
was  permeated  with  disaffection  to  the  Confederacy.  Had 
it  been  a  separate  State,  it  would  have  been  a  large  anti- 
Confederate  State  in  the  heart  of  the  South. 

Treating  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Maryland  and  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  as  southern,  but  not  Delaware,  there  were 
296,579  white  soldiers  from  the  South  in  the  armies  sup 
porting  the  United  States.  Besides  these,  there  were  137,- 
676  colored.  Adding  these,  434,255  is  the  total  from  the 
South.  The  District  of  Columbia  and  Delaware  were  both 
slave-holding.  It  is  thought  fair  to  include  the  District 
of  Columbia,  Maryland  lying  north  of  it  being  classed  as 
southern,  and  offset  it  by  excluding  Delaware  for  the  pur 
pose  herein.  No  Delaware  officer's  record  is  given  in  this 
work.  It  may  be  surmised  that  there  were  as  many  as 
200,000  men  living  in  the  North  but  born  in  the  South, 
who  fought  the  Confederates.  The  Confederates  main 
tained  each  year  around  400,000  soldiers  actively  engaged. 
Some  of  these  were  not  southern  men.  The  war  brought 
altogether  about  1,490,000  Federals  into  active  service. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      11 

All  told,  there  were  more  than  two  million  Federal  troops, 
and  around  one  million  Confederate  troops. 

Counting  both  white  and  colored,  Louisiana  furnished 
29,276  Federal  combatants,  while  Rhode  Island  furnished 
but  23,236 ;  Virginia  37,791  and  Minnesota  24,020 ;  Mary 
land  46,638  and  Vermont  33,288;  Tennessee  51,225  and 
New  Hampshire  33,937;  Kentucky  75,760  and  Connecti 
cut  55,864;  Missouri  109,111  and  Maine  70,107,  Iowa 
76,242,  New  Jersey  76,814,  Michigan  87,364  and  Wis 
consin  91,327.  Thus  there  were  more  Federal  combatants 
from  Louisiana  than  from  Minnesota  or  Rhode  Island; 
more  from  Virginia,  or  Maryland,  or  Tennessee  than  from 
New  Hampshire,  or  Vermont,  or  Minnesota,  or  Rhode 
Island;  more  from  Kentucky  than  from  Maine,  or  Con 
necticut,  or  New  Hampshire,  or  Vermont,  or  Minnesota,  or 
Rhode  Island.  Iowa  was  ahead  of  Kentucky  less  than 
five  hundred  and  New  Jersey  only  about  a  thousand. 
There  were  more  from  Missouri  than  from  Wisconsin,  or 
Michigan,  or  New  Jersey,  or  Iowa,  or  Maine,  or  Connecti 
cut,  or  New  Hampshire,  or  Vermont,  or  Minnesota,  or 
Rhode  Island.  Over  100,000  of  the  Missourians  were 
white.  The  eleven  seceded  States  contained  5,240,250 
white  people  in  1860.  The  unseceded  slave  States,  Dela 
ware,  Maryland,  Kentucky,  Missouri  and  West  Virginia, 
contained  3,043,449  white  people. 

In  the  following  pages,  the  name  of  a  State  given  after 
an  officer's  name  is  the  State  wherein  he  was  born.  The 
main  army  in  the  west  and  the  main  army  in  the  east  were 
each  commanded  in  battle  by  a  southern  man.  George  H. 
Thomas,  Virginia,  commanded  the  army  in  the  west  and 
John  Pope,  Kentucky,  commanded  the  army  in  the  east. 
Thomas  commanded  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missis 
sippi,  and  E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Kentucky,  commanded  the 
Military  Division  of  West  Mississippi.  These  commanded 
departments,  some  commanding  successively  different  de 
partments:  Robert  Anderson,  Kentucky,  Department  of 
Kentucky,  of  Tennessee  and  of  Ohio.  J.  M.  Brannan, 


12     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the  Department  of  the 
South.  E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Department  of  New  Mexico. 
S.  S.  Carroll,  District  of  Columbia,  Department  of  West 
Virginia.  J.  C.  Fremont,  South  Carolina,  Western  De 
partment,  Mountain  Department.  Wm.  S.  Harney,  Ten 
nessee,  Department  of  the  West.  David  Hunter,  District 
of  Columbia,  Department  of  the  West,  of  Kansas,  and  of 
the  South.  S.  A.  Hurlbut,  South  Carolina,  Department 
of  the  Gulf.  O.  McK.  Mitchel,  Kentucky,  Department  of 
the  Ohio,  and  of  the  South.  E.  O.  C.  Ord,  Maryland, 
Middle  Department,  Department  of  Virginia,  and  Depart 
ment  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  J.  McA.  Palmer, 
Kentucky,  Department  of  Kentucky.  John  Pope,  Depart 
ment  of  the  Northwest.  J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  De 
partment  of  Arkansas.  George  H.  Thomas,  Department 
of  the  Cumberland. 

Important  armies  other  than  the  main  army  in  the  east 
and  in  the  west  were  commanded  by  Thomas,  Pope,  Canby, 
Ord,  Fremont,  John  A.  McClernand,  Kentucky,  W.  H. 
Emory,  Maryland,  Hunter,  Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky,  B.  M. 
Prentiss,  Virginia,  and  J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky. 

Usually  a  corps  was  not  greatly  under  and  not  greatly 
over  twenty  thousand  men  —  not  far  differing  from  the 
number  generally  under  the  command  of  Jackson,  Long- 
street,  Polk,  or  Hardee  of  the  Confederate  armies. 
Twenty  southern  men  commanded  infantry  corps,  some 
commanding  first  one  corps  and  then  another.  D.  B. 
Birney,  Alabama,  commanded  the  10th,  3d  and  2d; 
Francis  P.  Blair,  Kentucky,  15th  and  17th;  Samuel  P. 
Carter,  Tennessee,  23d;  Thos.  L.  Crittenden,  Kentucky, 
21st,  2d  in  the  west;  Emory,  19th;  J.  C.  Fremont,  1st  in 
the  west;  Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland,  3d;  G.  W.  Getty, 
District  of  Columbia,  6th;  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  2d; 
Hurlbut,  16th;  R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  14th;  McCler 
nand,  13th;  Mitchel,  10th;  John  Newton,  Virginia,  1st; 
Ord,  13th,  8th,  18th  and  24th;  Palmer,  14th;  J.  L.  Reno, 
Virginia,  9th;  Reynolds,  19th;  Thomas,  14th;  T.  J.  Wood, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      13 

Kentucky,  4th.  Alfred  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia, 
commanded  the  cavalry  corps  of  the  main  army  in  the  east. 
Johnson  was  chief  of  cavalry,  Military  Division  of  Missis 
sippi,  and  Davidson,  Virginia,  of  West  of  the  Mississippi. 

Important  expeditions  or  raids  were  under  the  command 
of  Blair,  Carter,  Mitchel,  Reynolds  and  Lovell  H.  Rous 
seau,  Kentucky. 

There  were  many  southern  generals  of  division. 

There  were  160  southern  Federals  who  commanded  bri 
gades  in  battle,  fighting  with  distinction,  or  are  among  the 
above,  whose  achievements  are  mentioned  in  the  following 
pages.  There  were  a  number  more  who  received  promo 
tion  to  date  from  the  closing  months  of  the  War,  but  have 
not  been  found  to  have  fought  in  battle  in  their  higher 
rank,  and  the  attempt  has  been  made  to  limit  the  record 
to  service  rank.  About  one-half  of  the  southern  gradu 
ates  of  West  Point,  numbering  162,  took  the  Federal  side. 
The  total  number  of  Confederate  generals  was  425.  The 
Federal  generals  totaled  680:  thus  about  one-fourth  of 
the  Federal  generals  were  born  in  the  South.  There  were 
a  great  many  southern  colonels,  and  a  great  many  south 
ern  officers  of  other  inferior  ranks,  but  their  names  and 
services  are  not  mentioned  herein.  There  were  4,000  com 
missioned  officers  from  Kentucky  in  the  Federal  service. 

The  Confederates  started  practically  without  a  navy, 
and  few  naval  officers  could  hope  to  get  into  action  early 
on  that  side.  Naval  officers  were  used  to  the  dealings  of 
the  United  States  with  foreign  powers,  as  to  which  the 
scheme  of  government  made  the  United  States  one,  and 
their  voyages  around  the  world  tended  to  give  them  more 
than  a  local  affection.  Three  hundred  and  twenty-one 
southerners  left  the  United  States  navy ;  three  hundred  and 
fifty  remained.  Eighty  naval  commanders  of  southern 
birth  who  were  actively  engaged  on  the  Federal  side  with 
distinction  are  herein  chronicled.  The  officer  who  attained 
the  highest  rank  in  the  navy  —  vice-admiral  —  was  a 
southerner,  Farragut,  Tennessee.  He  commanded  the 


14      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

West  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron,  and  on  the  Mississippi 
River  and  its  tributaries  up  to  Vicksburg.  Bell,  North 
Carolina,  also  commanded  the  West  Gulf  Blockading 
Squadron.  Goldsborough  and  S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  com 
manded  the  North  Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron,  and  Lee 
the  Mississippi  Squadron.  C.  K.  Stribling,  South  Caro 
lina,  commanded  the  East  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron. 

The  selection  of  the  birthplace  in  fixing  the  status  of 
an  officer  as  southern  will  be  understood.  It  is  practicable 
to  find  the  record  of  the  birthplaces  of  the  various  officers, 
whereas  difficulties  would  be  met  with  in  searching  to  dis 
cover  in  what  State  each  officer  was  living  at  the  time  the 
War  began,  or  where  each  had  spent  most  of  his  life,  or 
the  latitude  of  the  birthplace  irrespective  of  State  lines, 
or  the  nativity  of  his  parents.  Some  of  the  officers  men 
tioned  were  southern  by  birth  only,  but  many  officers  not 
mentioned  were  born  south  of  the  central  latitude  in  States 
classed  as  northern,  or  were  living  in  the  South  when  the 
War  began,  or  had  lived  there  principally  since  their 
majority,  or  had  a  southern  parent  or  parents,  and 
it  is  submitted  that  the  birthplace  is  not  an  unfair  gauge. 
Even  Grant,  Sherman,  Rosecrans  and  Burnside  were  identi 
fied  or  connected  with  the  South  in  some  of  these  other 
ways.  The  names  of  northern  Federals  are  excluded  to 
the  end  of  this  work.  Thereby  the  reader  is  sure  that 
every  name  he  sees  is  that  of  a  southern  man.  While 
everything  to  the  credit  of  northern  officers  is  excluded, 
anything  to  the  discredit  of  any  one  of  them  is  avoided. 

The  southern  men  were  not  massed  under  southern  com 
manders  in  separate  armies.  Southern  officers  planned  and 
directed  the  movements  of  northern  soldiers,  and  northern 
officers  used  southern  troops.  So  it  was  in  the  navy. 
There  were  southern  companies  and  regiments,  and  bri 
gades  composed  almost  wholly  of  southern  men. 

When  the  War  started  the  United  States  had  available 
a  steam-fleet  of  thirty-four  vessels.  Nearly  sixty  iron 
clads  were  built  by  the  United  States  during  the  War,  all 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      15 

except  three  of  the  monitor  type.  Over  one  hundred  ves 
sels  were  used  on  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 
by  the  United  States.  The  navy  placed  or  supported  the 
armies  far  down  in  the  South,  along  the  Coast  or  in  the 
interior  water-ways,  saving  the  armies  from  having  to 
guard  lines  of  communication  thence  to  the  North.  Most 
of  the  important  victories  were  won  by  army  and  navy 
together  or  navy  alone,  and  many  times  the  armies  were 
delivered  by  reaching  or  obtaining  the  protection  of  the 
navy. 

In  Missouri,  Francis  P.  Blair,  Kentucky,  began  the  for 
mation  of  military  companies  in  January,  1861,  to  use 
them  against  secessionists.  The  name  given  them  was 
"  Home  Guards."  Secessionists  were  organized  as  minute 
men.  United  States  troops  had  been  sent  into  St.  Louis 
to  protect  the  Assistant  Treasury  and  other  United  States 
property  on  the  day  these  two  organizations  began,  Jan 
uary  llth,  1861.  There  were  in  St.  Louis  semi-military 
organizations  called  "  Wide- Awakes,"  composed  almost  ex 
clusively  of  anti-slavery  German  blood.  Blair  converted 
these  into  Home  Guards.  To  confront  them,  a  brigade  of 
Missouri  state  troops  was  in  existence,  about  580  men.  A 
Union  Safety  Committee  was  formed  in  St.  Louis. 

In  the  southern  part  of  St.  Louis,  on  the  shore  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  was  the  United  States  arsenal,  contain 
ing  about  60,000  stand  of  arms  and  a  large  supply  of 
munitions  of  war.  The  possession  of  these  arms  was  of 
large  consequence.  Blair  saw  Abraham  Lincoln  before 
Lincoln  left  Springfield  to  be  inaugurated,  and  arranged 
for  securing  the  arsenal.  With  Blair  in  close  touch  with 
the  arsenal,  Home  Guards  were  organized,  drilled  and  dis 
ciplined  by  United  States  officers.  Winfield  Scott,  Vir 
ginia,  was  Commander-in-chief  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States.  Scott  sent  troops  to  the  St.  Louis  arsenal  Feb 
ruary  16th,  1861,  from  the  Jefferson  Barracks  in  St. 
Louis.  To  the  courage,  moderation  and  tact  of  Blair  it 
was  largely  due  that  not  one  member  of  the  Missouri  Con- 


16      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

vention  elected  February  18th,  1861,  would  say  he  was  in 
favor  of  the  secession  of  Missouri.  W.  S.  Harney,  Ten 
nessee,  was  Commander  of  the  Department  of  the  West, 
with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis. 

Prior  to  Lincoln's  inauguration  Scott  caused  to  be  or 
ganized  the  most  reliable  of  the  Washington  volunteers, 
and  called  from  a  distance  two  batteries  of  horse  artillery, 
with  small  detachments  of  cavalry  and  infantry  —  all 
regulars.  Joseph  Holt,  Kentucky,  was  Secretary  of  War 
during  the  months  immediately  preceding  Lincoln's  admin 
istration. 

March  4th,  1861,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Kentucky,  by  virtue 
of  his  inauguration  as  President,  became  Commander-in- 
chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States.  Some 
military  direction  he  exercised  throughout  the  War. 
Eight  out  of  fifteen  slave-holding  States  did  not  choose  to 
secede  rather  than  face  the  consequences  of  having  the 
Federal  Government  exercise  its  jurisdiction  within  them 
in  a  Lincoln  republican  administration,  pending  some  ac 
tion  thereof  which  might  decide  them  otherwise.  March 
18th,  1861,  Thomas  H.  Hicks,  Maryland,  Governor  of 
Maryland,  applied  to  Scott  for  arms  and  soldiers,  if  these 
should  become  necessary  to  put  down  belligerent  Mary- 
landers. 

The  last  of  March  a  revolution  set  in  against  F.  P. 
Blair  and  his  followers  in  St.  Louis. 

Thornton  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia,  naval  officer,  with  mili 
tary  aid  prevented  the  forts  at  Key  West  and  Dry  Tortu- 
gas,  Fla.,  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  an  expedition 
sent  from  New  Orleans  before  the  War  was  begun.  He 
performed  secret  service  at  the  request  of  President  Lin 
coln.  Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland,  was  in  command  at  Key 
West  from  March  27th  to  November. 

Florida  failed  to  take  possession  of  Fort  Pickens,  on  an 
island  commanding  the  entrance  of  Pensacola  harbor,  and 
South  Carolina  failed  to  take  possession  of  Fort  Sumter, 
on  a  shoal  within  the  entrance  of  Charleston  harbor.  The 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      17 

United  States  Government,  before  the  War  began,  occu 
pied  both  forts,  and  thereby  had  part  possession  of  each 
harbor.  Henry  Walke,  Virginia,  naval  officer,  commanded 
the  Supply,  and  assisted  in  moving  the  garrison  which 
took  possession  of  Fort  Pickens.  This  was  a  first  step  to 
ward  gaining  possession  of  Florida. 

The  occupation  of  Fort  Sumter  was  the  occasion  for  the 
sequence  that  the  Confederates  were  caused  to  fire  the  first 
shot  of  the  War,  which  fact,  in  turn,  was  used  to  consolidate 
the  people  of  the  United  States  in  support  of  the  admin 
istration  for  the  prosecution  of  the  War. 

Montgomery  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  Chief  Engineer, 
planned,  proposed,  organized  and  conducted  an  expedition 
for  throwing  in  reinforcements  and  mounting  heavy  guns 
at  Fort  Pickens.  The  Powhatan,  W.  W.  Queen,  District 
of  Columbia,  left  New  York  for  Fort  Pickens  April  6th, 
1861,  with  the  steamer  Atlantic  just  ahead,  carrying  re 
spectively  the  artillery  and  troops.  The  Atlantic  was 
chartered  by  Meigs. 

Robert  Anderson,  Kentucky,  had  removed  his  garrison  of 
64  men  from  Fort  Moultrie  on  the  mainland  of  Charles 
ton  harbor  to  Fort  Sumter,  December  26th,  1860.  Mont 
gomery  Blair,  Kentucky,  Postmaster-General,  interested 
President  Lincoln  in  the  idea  of  provisioning  and  ree'n- 
forcing  Fort  Sumter.  The  two  southern  members  of  the 
Cabinet,  he  and  Edward  Bates,  Virginia,  Attorney-Gen 
eral,  were  the  ones  who  voted  in  favor  of  its  reenforce- 
ment.  Lincoln  adopted  the  plan.  The  squadron  of  four 
vessels,  with  two  tugs,  left  New  York  and  Fortress  Monroe 
from  April  8th  to  10th.  Anderson  was  in  command  of 
Fort  Sumter.  Confederate  scouts  discovered  the  Pawnee 
and  Harriet  Lane  outside  Charleston  Bar  the  evening  of 
April  llth.  The  Baltic  also  arrived  with  200  recruits. 
Anderson  had  informed  the  United  States  Government  at 
Washington  that  his  supplies  would  last  till  April  15th. 

Bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter,  Charleston  Harbor,  S.  C., 
April  12th  and  13th,  1861.  Two  of  the  United  States 


18      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

vessels  had  cannon.  The  fourth  arrived  the  afternoon  of 
the  13th.  Anderson  withstood  bombardment  until  about 
3  P.  M.  of  the  13th.  Officers'  quarters  and  barracks  were 
set  on  fire  the  second  day,  and  there  was  danger  that  the 
magazine  would  explode.  He  obtained  terms  permitting 
his  men  to  march  out  on  the  14th.  They  embarked,  the 
Baltic  taking  him  and  his  men  away. 

Fort  Pickens,  April  12th.  A  company  of  75  artillery 
men  were  landed  by  the  Brooklyn,  of  the  naval  force  al 
ready  before  Pensacola.  W.  P.  McCann,  Kentucky,  re- 
enforced  Fort  Pickens,  April  14th-15th,  1861. 

The  United  States  regular  army  was  very  small,  16,000 
men.  There  were  United  States  arsenals  containing  thou 
sands  of  guns  and  a  good  supply  of  ammunition  in  the  most 
northerly  of  the  southern  States.  It  was  of  critical  mo 
ment  which  side  should  seize  them.  The  Federals  had 
slight  means  to  resist  their  seizure  until  armies  could  be 
created  in  the  North  and  marched  down,  unless  Federals 
should  spring  up  in  those  southern  States  and  contend  for 
these  munitions  of  war.  The  regulars  were  principally  in 
the  west,  guarding  the  frontier  against  the  Indians. 

April  15th,  1861,  President  Lincoln  called  for  75,000 
volunteers,  calling  upon  the  governor  of  each  State  desig 
nated  for  a  certain  number  of  men.  The  governors  were, 
ex  officio,  commanders-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of 
their  respective  States. 

Richard  Yates,  Kentucky,  was  governor  of  Illinois  un 
til  1865.  He  endorsed  the  call  for  troops,  convened  the 
Legislature  in  extra  session  immediately,  and  moved  troops 
to  the  southern  part  of  the  State.  The  people  of  south 
ern  Illinois  declared  they  would  never  suffer  a  northern 
army  to  pass  the  southern  boundary  of  Illinois  for  the  pur 
pose  of  invading  a  southern  State.  Yates  was  active  in 
raising  volunteers.  The  aggregate  from  Illinois  for  the 
War  was  259,147.  Yates  was  relied  on  by  President 
Lincoln.  General  Richard  Oglesby,  Kentucky,  incapaci 
tated  by  a  wound,  was  governor  of  Illinois  in  1865. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      19 

Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Maryland,  was  governor  of  Iowa 
to  1864.  He  sent  about  fifty  regiments  to  the  War,  most 
of  them  for  three  years.  The  result  was  that  Iowa  was 
one  of  the  few  States  in  which  there  was  no  draft. 

Alvin  Saunders,  Kentucky,  was  governor  of  Nebraska 
Territory  from  1861  to  the  end  of  the  War.  He  raised 
3,000  Federal  troops. 

Frederick  P.  Stanton,  Virginia,  was  governor  of  Kansas 
Territory  from  the  beginning  of  the  War  to  June,  1861. 
He  acted  with  wisdom  and  judgment. 

Abraham  Rencher,  North  Carolina,  was  governor  of 
New  Mexico  Territory.  Some  Federal  troops  were  raised 
in  New  Mexico.  Rencher  held  the  Territory  against  the 
Confederates. 

Henry  S.  Lane,  Kentucky,  carried  Indiana  for  the  Re 
publican  ticket  in  1860,  and  became  governor  of  the  State 
on  January  llth,  1861,  but  served  only  four  days.  By  an 
arrangement  he  became  United  States  senator  and  the 
power  of  the  State  was  thrown  in  favor  of  the  Lincoln  ad 
ministration. 

Thos.  H.  Hicks,  Maryland,  was  governor  of  Maryland 
to  1862.  He  had  the  Legislature  meet  in  special  session  in 
the  western  part  of  the  State,  where  the  Federal  sentiment 
was  strong,  on  April  24th.  Augustus  W.  Bradford,  Mary 
land,  succeeded  him,  continuing  until  1865.  He  was  a 
strong  Federal.  Upon  Lee's  entrance  in  1862,  he  suc 
ceeded  in  bringing  out  Maryland  volunteers.  Upon  Lee's 
entrance  again  in  1863,  his  call  drew  forth  a  number  of 
troops  for  defense.  Thos.  Swann,  Virginia,  was  gov 
ernor  of  Maryland  from  January,  1865.  He  supported 
the  Federal  administration. 

The  governors  then  in  office  in  Kentucky  and  Missouri 
were  against  an  armed  conflict  with  the  Confederate  States, 
and  rejected  the  call  for  volunteers.  Jas.  F.  Robinson, 
Kentucky,  assumed  the  duties  of  governor  of  Kentucky  in 
1862,  continuing  till  the  fall  of  1863.  His  conduct  of 
affairs  was  in  accord  with  the  Federal  administration. 


20      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Thos.  E.  Bramlette,  Kentucky,  was  governor  from  then 
till  the  close  of  the  War.  He  had  been  a  Federal  army 
officer. 

Hamilton  R.  Gamble,  Virginia,  was  governor  of  Mis 
souri,  1861—1864.  He  was  one  of  the  recognized  leaders 
of  the  Federal  movement  in  Missouri.  When  the  State 
Convention  declared  the  office  of  governor  vacant,  he  was 
chosen  provisional  governor.  He  was  confronted  by  grave 
problems.  He  was  a  good  counselor  of  the  administration 
at  Washington.  Federal  General  Thos.  C.  Fletcher,  Mis 
souri,  was  governor  of  Missouri  in  1865. 

Francis  H.  Pierpont,  Virginia,  was  governor  of  Federal 
Virginia  from  1861  throughout  the  War.  He  was  a  pro 
nounced  anti-slavery  man  and  worked  zealously  for  the 
Federals. 

Andrew  Johnson,  North  Carolina,  became  military  gov 
ernor  of  Tennessee  in  1862.  He  raised  25  regiments  for 
service  in  Tennessee. 

Andrew  J.  Hamilton,  Alabama,  was  military  governor  of 
Texas. 

In  the  early  stages  there  was  a  struggle  of  mind  against 
mind  in  Maryland,  Kentucky,  and  Missouri,  and  to  some 
extent  in  other  southern  States,  between  those  for  and 
against  secession  to  throw  the  power  of  the  State  and  range 
the  majority  of  the  people  on  the  one  side  or  the  other. 
The  anti-secessionists  in  all  three  States  temporized,  played 
for  delay  and  urged  a  waiting  policy. 

In  Maryland  the  secessionists  did  not  form  a  military 
force  and  battle  with  arms  for  the  possession  of  the  State 
Government.  The  anti-secessionists  were  not  placed  under 
the  necessity  of  literally  fighting  for  the  State,  and  no 
secession  army  sprung  up  in  Maryland  to  necessitate  the 
employment  of  any  army  from  the  North  to  defeat  it. 
This  effort  and  expense  were  saved.  The  Maryland  Fed 
erals  went  forth  and  joined  the  other  Federal  troops  in 
the  North  or  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  Con- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      21 

federates  went  South  and  joined  the  Confederate  armies  in 
stead  of  fighting  in  their  own  State. 

In  Kentucky  the  State  Government  early  requested  that 
the  armies  of  both  sides  should  not  enter  the  State,  and 
the  secessionists  did  not  rise  in  arms  and  force  those  op 
posed  to  them  to  battle  against  them.  Loosely  organized 
companies  of  militia  called  Home  Guards  were  created, 
hostile  to  the  secessionists,  in  Louisville  and  other  places 
when  war  impended.  Many  of  these  afterward  became 
soldiers  of  the  regular  Federal  armies,  and  others  remain 
ing  in  the  State  did  important  service.  Militia  were  raised 
by  the  secessionists  and  named  State  Guards,  but  the  drift 
of  them  was  into  the  Confederate  armies  outside  the  State. 
So  there  was  not  civil  war  in  Kentucky  between  the  Home 
Guards  and  State  Guards.  Occasional  minor  clashes  oc 
curred  directly  between  them. 

In  Missouri  existing  bodies  of  "  Wide-A wakes  "  were 
converted  into  "  Home  Guards  "  and  other  Home  Guards 
were  organized.  The  Governor,  C.  F.  Jackson,  sympa 
thizing  with  the  Confederates,  started  collecting  and  or 
ganizing  State  troops  to  restrain  Missourians  from  join 
ing  the  Federals,  and  to  dissuade  the  Federal  Government 
from  camping  Federals  troops  within  the  State,  but  an 
early  reverse  disarmed  the  Governor's  chief  force,  and  the 
Federals  were  able  to  gain  the  upper  hand  before  the  Gov 
ernor  could  obtain  arms  and  collect  a  sufficient  force  to  de 
feat  them.  The  Governor  was  deposed,  and  the  power 
of  the  State  Government  was  thereafter  exerted  through 
out  the  War  against  the  Confederates.  Thus  the  seces 
sionists  were  never  possessed  of  the  military  power  of  the 
State  from  the  beginning.  So  the  Federals  were  never  at 
the  disadvantage  of  struggling  to  wrest  it  from  them.  The 
disadvantage  was  on  the  side  of  the  Confederates,  and 
they  tried  unsuccessfully  through  the  War  to  take  the 
authority  from  the  Federals,  Confederate  armies  from  else 
where  aiding  the  Missouri  secessionists  to  make  incursions 


££     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

into  the  State,  and  being  resisted  largely  by  Missouri  Fed 
erals.  Missouri  Federals  also  did  much  fighting  in  other 
States.  In  the  convention  campaign  F.  P.  Blair  was  the 
leader  of  the  unconditional  union  party.  He  drew  many 
men  opposed  to  secession  from  the  older  parties  by  using 
this  party  name. 

In  western  Virginia  the  anti-secessionists  were  strong 
enough  to  make  of  that  section  the  new  State  of  West 
Virginia.  Western  Virginia  citizens,  in  communication 
with  the  people  beyond  their  western  border,  determined  to 
resist  eastern  Virginia  with  their  help,  and  together  they 
expelled  the  Confederates. 

In  Tennessee  there  was  a  strong  Federal  party  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  War.  When  Gov.  Harris  was  driven  from 
Nashville  in  February,  1862,  Andrew  Johnson  was  ap 
pointed  military  governor,  and  considerable  of  the  power 
of  the  State  was  wielded  in  the  Federal  behalf. 

Arkansas  was  fairly  divided  between  those  in  favor  of 
and  those  opposed  to  secession  in  the  early  part  of  1861. 
An  ordinance  of  secession  was  passed  May  6th,  1861.  In 
October  and  November,  1863,  delegates  met  at  Fort  Smith, 
Ark.,  to  take  steps  to  reorganize  the  State  Government,  and 
in  January,  1864,  a  convention  met  at  Little  Rock  and 
framed  a  constitution  which  was  accepted  by  the  people. 
In  April,  1864,  a  Federal  State  Government  was  organized. 

J.  A.  McClernand,  Kentucky,  recruited  a  brigade.  Jas. 
M.  Shackelford,  Kentucky,  raised  two  Kentucky  regiments. 
Jas.  S.  Jackson,  Kentucky,  organized  a  cavalry  regiment. 
Lovell  H.  Rousseau,  Kentucky,  raised  two  regiments.  E. 
H.  Hobson,  Kentucky,  organized  a  regiment.  W.  E. 
Woodruff,  Kentucky,  helped  establish  "  Camp  Clay,"  and 
raise  two  regiments.  Camp  Clay  was  just  above  Cincin 
nati.  Robert  Anderson,  Kentucky,  opened  a  recruiting 
office  there  for  volunteers  from  Kentucky  and  western  Vir 
ginia.  Two  Kentucky  regiments  organized  at  Camp  Clay 
were  in  western  Virginia  in  July,  1861,  and  fought  in  the 
western  Virginia  campaign.  Louisville  and  immediate 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      23 

vicinity  furnished  the  principal  part  of  seven  Federal  reg 
iments.  The  Federal  armies  took  possession  of  Kentucky, 
and  by  1862  the  Confederate  forces  had  evacuated  the 
State.  Including  the  Home  Guards  and  those  who  enlisted 
but  were  never  mustered  in,  Kentucky  furnished  more  than 
90,000  Federal  troops,  over  75,000  of  them  white,  includ 
ing  active  Home  Guards  who  did  not  serve  outside  the  State. 
Two  Kentucky  regiments  were  engaged  at  Mill  Springs; 
fourteen  at  Shiloh;  eight  at  Perry ville ;  thirteen  at  Mur- 
freesboro;  nine  in  the  east  Tennessee  expedition  of  1863; 
fifteen  at  Chickamauga ;  eleven  at  Missionary  Ridge,  and 
more  than  thirty  in  the  Atlanta  campaign. 

Jas.  Cooper,  Maryland,  took  command  of  Maryland  vol 
unteers  and  organized  them  into  regiments.  He  was  in 
command  of  Camp  Chase.  George  Vickers,  Maryland,  be 
came  Major  General  of  State  Militia.  A.  W.  Denison, 
Maryland,  recruited  a  regiment. 

S.  H.  Boyd,  Tennessee,  raised  a  Missouri  regiment. 
Thos.  C.  Fletcher,  Missouri,  recruited  a  Missouri  regiment 
and  organized  two  more  Missouri  regiments.  There  were 
thirty-seven  Missouri  regiments  in  the  Federal  armies. 

In  Indiana  Thos.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  organized, 
equipped,  mustered  into  service  and  sent  into  the  field 
40,000  volunteers  from  April  to  October,  1861.  T.  A. 
Morris,  Kentucky,  was  appointed  Quartermaster  General  of 
Indiana  and  had  charge  of  the  equipment  of  Indiana's  first 
regiments.  As  General,  he  commanded  the  first  brigade  of 
troops  who  went  from  that  State.  W.  P.  Benton,  Mary 
land,  organized  the  first  company  offered  by  Indiana.  J. 
J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  Camp  Morton, 
Indianapolis,  April  to  May,  1861. 

J.  McA.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  organized  a  regiment  in 
Illinois. 

Wm.  Vandever,  Maryland,  organized  a  regiment  in  Iowa 
and  led  it  to  the  field. 

Alfred  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  was  engaged  in 
organizing  volunteers  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  in  April,  1861. 


24     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Augustus  J.  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  Brigadier 
General  Pennsylvania  militia,  organized  and  commanded  a 
Home  Guard  of  10,000  men  for  the  defense  of  Philadelphia. 

Fremont  was  in  Europe  when  the  War  began.  He 
bought  a  large  supply  of  arms  in  France. 

Gabriel  R.  Paul,  Missouri,  did  good  service  in  keeping 
Confederates  out  of  New  Mexico,  in  the  operations  there 
in  1861-62. 

At  first,  troops  of  the  northern  States  west  of  Pennsyl 
vania  were  not  concentrated  there  in  armies  for  offensive 
and  defensive  operations  against  the  Confederate  States 
lying  directly  to  the  south  of  them.  They  were  generally 
sent  east  for  the  protection  of  Washington.  Then  Scott 
planned  a  movement  down  the  Mississippi  River.  This 
was  made  the  following  year,  but  present  movements  were 
directed  against  Virginia.  Kentucky,  Missouri,  West  Vir 
ginia  and  Maryland  were  buffers,  saving  the  North  the  ne 
cessity  of  posting  large  armies  at  strategic  points  to  the 
north  of  them  along  their  frontier,  as  well  as  relieving  the 
North  from  furnishing  the  armies  of  men  which  would  have 
been  necessary  for  the  conquest  of  these  four  States,  had 
their  people  been  unitedly  hostile,  and  enabling  the  Fed 
erals  readily  to  put  armies  along  their  southern  rather  than 
their  northern  boundaries  for  offensive  operations  against 
the  States  further  south.  Many  Tennessee  Federals  early 
moved  north  into  Kentucky  and  some  Arkansas  Federals 
joined  in  Missouri  the  Federals  there,  helping  Kentucky 
and  Missouri  to  form  their  line  along  their  southern  borders. 

Alvan  C.  Gillem,  Tennessee,  was  engaged  in  the  defense 
of  Fort  Taylor,  Key  West,  Fla.,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
War  to  October,  1861.  Bennett  H.  Hill,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  commanded  at  Key  West,  1861-62. 

Chas.  M.  Thruston,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  in  guarding 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1861-62. 

The  call  upon  Maryland  for  volunteers,  April  15th,  was 
for  four  regiments  of  infantry.  Gov.  Hicks  was  assured 
that  they  were  not  to  be  taken  out  of  Maryland  except  for 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      25 

the  defense  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  assured  the 
people  that  no  troops  would  pass  through  Maryland  except 
for  the  defense  of  Washington. 

The  Atlantic  arrived  off  Fort  Pickens  April  16th. 

Wm.  S.  Harney,  Tennessee,  commanding  the  Department 
of  the  West,  which  embraced  all  the  country  lying  between 
the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  except 
Texas,  New  Mexico  and  Utah,  as  then  constituted,  re 
ported  to  Winfield  Scott,  April  16th,  that  it  appeared  Gov 
ernor  Jackson,  of  Missouri,  intended  erecting  batteries  on 
hills  commanding  the  St.  Louis  arsenal.  Governor  Jack 
son  planned  thereby  to  capture  the  arsenal  and  obtain  its 
arms. 

Harney,  apprised  of  the  danger  of  the  capture  of  the 
Fort  Leavenworth  arsenal,  ordered  infantry  and  artillery 
from  several  of  the  western  forts  to  march  there  with  the 
least  delay.  J.  L.  Reno,  Virginia,  was  in  command  of  that 
arsenal  from  the  beginning  of  the  War  to  December  6th, 
1861. 

The  Powhatan,  W.  W.  Queen  commanding,  arrived  off 
Fort  Pickens  April  17th.  Montgomery  C.  Meigs  was  al 
ready  there.  600  soldiers  were  lodged  in  the  Fort  with 
provisions  and  artillery  and  other  munitions  of  war  that 
night.  Other  reinforcements  were  sent  afterward. 

April  17th,  Francis  P.  Blair  returned  to  St.  Louis  from 
Washington.  He  had  procured  from  the  War  Department 
an  order  placing  5,000  stand  of  arms  at  disposal  for  arm 
ing  the  Missouri  Home  Guards,  if  necessary.  He  raised  a 
regiment  in  Missouri  within  ten  days  from  the  issue  of  the 
President's  call.  He  hastened  the  recruitment  of  three  ad 
ditional  regiments,  and  he  obtained  from  his  brother,  Post 
master-General  Montgomery  Blair,  Kentucky,  orders  which 
facilitated  the  use  of  the  arsenal  for  his  designs. 

Chas.  Gibson,  Virginia,  called  a  mass-meeting  at  St. 
Louis.  He  wrote  to  Washington  urging  removal  of  mu 
nitions  of  war  from  St.  Louis  to  Illinois. 

The  Virginia  Convention  passed  an  ordinance  of  seces- 


26     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

sion  in  secret  session  the  night  of  April  17th.  55  members 
voted  against  it ;  88  for  it.  Anti-secession  members  of  the 
Convention  from  western  Virginia  returned  home  via  Wash 
ington,  and  the  action  of  the  Virginia  Convention  became 
known  to  the  Federal  Government. 

April  18th,  a  Union  meeting  was  held  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

Roger  Jones,  District  of  Columbia,  on  duty  at  the 
Harper's  Ferry  arsenal,  destroyed  it  with  20,000  stand 
of  arms  when  Virginia  troops  came  to  seize  it,  and  evacuated 
Harper's  Ferry  the  night  of  April  18th. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged  in  the  defense  of 
Fort  Pickens  from  April  19th  to  July  3d,  1861. 

April  19th,  Federal  volunteers  from  the  North  passing 
through  Baltimore  were  stoned  by  citizens.  Soldiers  fired 
on  the  citizens.  Mayor  Brown,  of  Baltimore,  marched  at 
the  head  of  the  troops  to  stop  the  attack.  Gov.  Hicks 
called  out  the  local  military  companies  with  the  same  object. 
Bridges  on  railroads  from  Baltimore  to  the  North  were 
burnt  that  night. 

Scott  was  charged  with  the  protection  of  Washington. 
Washington  was  cut  off  from  the  North  for  a  week.  Cas- 
sius  M.  Clay,  Kentucky,  had  enrolled  there,  quickly  and  dis 
creetly,  a  volunteer  force  of  Federals  called  the  Clay  bat 
talion.  Under  Scott,  a  small  force  of  regulars  and  this 
battalion  commanded  by  Clay  stood  guard  and  constituted 
the  defensive  force  at  Washington  until  the  arrival  of  the 
first  northern  troops,  April  25th.  The  battalion  proved  a 
moral  force.  Afterward  Clay,  as  Minister  to  Russia,  was 
influential  in  the  determination  of  Russia's  stand  in  favor 
of  the  United  States  Government.  David  Hunter,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  had  the  duty  of  protecting  President 
Lincoln's  house  and  person  early  in  the  War. 

Some  200  unorganized  men,  during  the  night  of  April 
20th,  1861,  crossed  the  Missouri  River  at  Sibley,  joined  a 
company  on  the  north  bank,  and  seized  from  the  United 
States  garrison  the  Liberty,  Mo.,  arsenal,  obtaining  a  large 
store  of  arms  and  ammunition. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      27 

Chas.  Steedman,  South  Carolina,  naval  officer,  conveyed 
a  regiment  from  Havre  de  Grace  to  Annapolis,  Md.  There 
was  little  opposition  by  the  Annapolis  authorities,  April 
20th— 21st,  to  the  landing  there  of  the  troops  from  the 
North.  The  fact  that  Gov.  Hicks  did  not  call  out  the 
militia  to  prevent  the  landing  was  encouraging. 

Norfolk,  Va.,  with  the  navy  yard  across  the  river,  was 
evacuated  by  the  Federals  the  night  of  April  20th.  The 
navy  yard  and  a  number  of  vessels  were  set  afire.  John 
H.  Russell,  naval  officer,  was  instrumental  in  removing 
vessels  from  the  yard,  preventing  them  from  falling  into 
Confederate  hands. 

Governor  Yates  sent  troops  to  Cairo  April  21st. 

Harney  was  relieved  of  command  April  21st. 

April  21st,  Geo.  H.  Thomas,  Virginia,  with  four  com 
panies  of  his  regiment,  dispersed  Marylanders  who  threat 
ened  to  tear  up  tracks  of  the  Pennsylvania  Northern  Cen 
tral  Railroad. 

At  Clarksburg,  western  Virginia,  April  22d,  an  assem 
bly  of  delegates  of  people  of  western  Virginia  was  called  to 
meet  at  Wheeling  May  13th. 

Up  to  April  22d  Gov.  Hicks  had  refrained  from  as 
sembling  the  Maryland  Legislature.  It  appeared  they 
would  have  taken  action  looking  toward  secession,  or  other 
action  which  would  have  been  troublesome  to  the  Federal 
Government.  He  now  issued  a  summons  for  the  assembling 
of  the  Legislature  at  Annapolis  April  26th,  feeling  that  he 
would  lose  power  if  he  refused  longer.  Federal  troops  took 
possession  of  the  railroad  west  from  Annapolis.  Later,  he 
changed  the  meeting-place  of  the  Legislature  to  Frederick 
—  a  strong  anti-secession  locality.  They  met  April  24th. 
His  message  to  the  Legislature  when  they  assembled  tem 
porized.  A  change  in  feelings  expressed  by  Baltimore  peo 
ple  was  perceptible  in  about  a  week  after  the  attack  upon 
the  troops.  The  Maryland  Senate  adopted  resolutions 
styled  "  Address  to  the  People  of  Maryland,"  stating  that 
the  Legislature  did  not  have  the  right  to  pass  an  act  of 


28      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

secession.     The   Legislature   voted   against   a    convention. 

Chas.  Steedman,  South  Carolina,  kept  open  railroad  com 
munication  with  the  North  from  Washington. 

21,000  arms  from  the  St.  Louis  arsenal  were  taken  to 
Springfield,  111.,  April  26th.  At  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  anti- 
Federals  seized  arms  and  ammunition  destined  to  Fort 
Union,  N.  M. 

April  27th,  President  Lincoln  formally  empowered  Scott 
to  suspend  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  anywhere  in  or  in  the 
vicinity  of  any  military  line  between  Washington  and 
Philadelphia.  Hicks  asked  Scott  to  send  a  detachment  of 
troops  to  Frederick.  He  also  acted  to  have  troops  in 
Pennsylvania  sent  there. 

Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky,  naval  officer,  on  ordnance  duty 
at  Washington  when  the  War  started,  planned  the  bring 
ing  of  United  States  muskets  into  Kentucky  in  April.  He 
arranged  for  a  secret  meeting  of  prominent  Kentucky  Fed 
erals  at  Frankfort,  Ky.,  which  occurred  in  the  latter  part 
of  April.  Men  were  designated  to  distribute  arms  to  be 
obtained  from  the  Government  in  Washington. 

Gov.  Jackson,  Missouri,  had  ordered  that  the  militia  be 
assembled,  each  within  its  own  district,  on  May  3d,  to  go 
into  encampment  for  six  days.  This  order  authorized  Gen. 
Frost,  in  command  of  the  State  brigade,  to  establish  his 
camp  wherever  he  pleased  within  the  City  or  County  of  St. 
Louis.  The  Governor  and  his  associates  hoped  that  this 
would  place  a  sufficient  force  within  reach  of  the  arsenal  to 
seize  it,  without  disclosing  that  this  was  the  secret  design 
of  the  movement.  However,  the  knowledge  which  the  Fed 
erals  had,  and  their  aims,  caused  them  to  transfer  the  sur 
plus  arms  from  St.  Louis  to  Illinois  on  April  26th.  Vol 
unteers  had  been  armed  and  the  regulars  had  theirs. 
There  were  then  more  than  500  regulars  and  5,000  well- 
armed  volunteers  of  St.  Louis  on  the  Federal  side.  Re 
moval  of  the  arms  from  the  arsenal  had  taken  away  the 
motive  which  caused  the  Governor  to  order  the  militia  into 
camp  at  St.  Louis. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      29 

May  2d  the  Missouri  General  Assembly  met. 

May  4th  Winfield  Scott  ordered  that  Relay,  a  few  miles 
from  Baltimore,  be  taken  possession  of,  by  Federal  troops, 
which  was  done  the  next  day. 

The  State  brigade  went  into  camp  in  the  western  part  of 
St.  Louis  May  6th.  The  camp  was  named  Camp  Jackson. 
Besides  the  brigade  of  700  men,  a  number  of  men  had  come 
from  all  quarters  of  Missouri.  Capt.  Kelly's  company  was 
detached  and  ordered  to  Jefferson  City,  the  Missouri 
Capital,  leaving  about  630  men.  F.  P.  Blair  and  others 
had  organized  over  6,000  Missouri  troops.  Blair  was  in 
formed  that  the  Confederates  had  sent  arms  and  ammu 
nition  for  the  State  brigade  from  Louisiana  to  St.  Louis. 

May  6th,  1861,  Tennessee  and  Arkansas  passed  ordi 
nances  of  secession.  The  Federals  lost  the  arsenal  at  Lit 
tle  Rock. 

The  night  of  May  8th  the  arms,  etc.,  from  Baton  Rouge, 
La.,  for  Gov.  Jackson's  men  arrived  at  St.  Louis. 

May  10th,  1861,  the  regulars  and  Blair,  with  the  vol 
unteers,  marched  against  Camp  Jackson;  Blair,  Benj.  G. 
Brown,  Kentucky,  and  other  leading  Missourians  having  co 
operated  in  making  arrangements.  Brown  was  in  the 
march.  The  State  brigade,  with  others,  making  1,500 
men,  surrendered  to  the  500  regulars  and  3,500  Missouri 
volunteers.  The  captives  were  released  on  parole  the  next 
night.  There  were  ten  regiments  of  Home  Guards  and 
Missouri  volunteers  which  had  been  organized.  They  fired 
upon  citizens  in  the  streets  of  St.  Louis  who  were  taunting 
them,  killing  28.  War  measures  were  at  once,  May  10th, 
adopted  by  the  Missouri  General  Assembly. 

May  llth  a  shot  was  fired  into  the  ranks  of  a  regiment 
of  Home  Guards  marching  in  the  City  of  St.  Louis,  and  it 
fired  a  volley  at  the  crowd.  Several  citizens  were  killed. 
Home  Guards  terrified  the  city.  Gen.  Harney  resumed 
command  that  day,  and  resolved  to  keep  Missouri  on  the 
Federal  side.  He  took  military  possession  of  St.  Louis, 
stationing  troops  at  all  important  points. 


30      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky,  saw  President  Lincoln  early  in 
May,  1861,  and  told  him  he  must  furnish  arms  to  Ken- 
tuckians,  or,  in  the  end,  fight  for  the  restoration  of  the 
State.  He  laid  before  the  President  his  plan  for  furnish 
ing  arms  to  the  Kentucky  Federals.  The  President  ap 
proved  his  plan,  and  agreed  to  furnish  him  5,000  muskets 
to  be  distributed  in  Kentucky.  He  authorized  Nelson  to 
distribute  guns  to  Federals  of  east  Tennessee  also.  The 
guns  were  shipped  from  Washington  to  Cincinnati.  Nelson 
went  to  Cincinnati  and  forwarded  some  to  Jeffersonville, 
Ind.,  opposite  Louisville.  He  went  to  Louisville.  Ar 
rangements  were  made  for  orders  to  be  given  for  the  guns 
by  men  in  different  localities  of  Kentucky.  1,200  guns 
were  assigned  to  Louisville,  and  were  brought  there  and 
issued  to  the  Louisville  Home  Guards.  Home  Guards  were 
formed  in  various  localities,  as  soon  as  it  was  learned  that 
there  were  arms  for  them.  Guns  were  sent  to  Paris,  Lex 
ington,  Maysville,  Danville  and  other  places  in  Kentucky. 
By  the  exercise  of  ingenuity  they  were  distributed 
safely. 

A  committee  from  western  Virginia  went  to  Washington 
to  procure  arms  and  ammunition.  2,000  minie  rifles  with 
suitable  ammunition  were  obtained.  They  were  brought  to 
Wellsburg,  Va.,  May  8th,  1861,  and  were  distributed  after 
ward  from  Wheeling,  western  Virginia. 

First  Wheeling  Assemblage. —  A  mass-meeting  of  a  large 
number  of  Federals,  nearly  400  delegates,  from  western 
Virginia  was  held  at  Wheeling  May  13th,  which  arranged 
for  the  calling  of  a  convention,  and  appointed  a  Central 
Committee  to  contest  the  authority  of  the  secessionists  and 
support  the  Federal  Government.  The  Central  Committee 
worked  vigorously. 

A  blockade  of  the  Mississippi  River  at  Cairo  was  es 
tablished  May  13th. 

The  night  of  May  13th  Baltimore  was  put  practically 
under  martial  law  by  the  Federals. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      31 

Henry  L,  Scott,  North  Carolina,  was  appointed  Inspec 
tor  General  of  the  United  States  Army  May  14th. 

May  14th  Gov.  Hicks  issued  a  call  for  four  regiments  to 
make  up  Maryland's  quota  called  for  by  President  Lincoln. 
The  offer  was  refused  by  the  Administration.  Volunteers 
were  obtained.  Gov.  Hicks  collected  arms  and  turned  them 
over  to  the  United  States  Government.  The  Maryland 
Legislature  were  to  have  reassembled  May  14th. 

The  military  bill  passed  by  the  Missouri  Legislature  upon 
the  capture  of  Camp  Jackson  put  the  military  force  of  the 
State  under  the  command  of  the  Governor,  and  the  officers 
and  men  were  required  to  take  an  oath  to  obey  him  alone. 
Harney,  in  a  proclamation  of  May  14th  to  the  people  of 
Missouri,  denounced  the  military  act,  characterizing  it  as 
indirect  secession  and  unconstitutional. 

May  15th  the  1st  Virginia  Federal  infantry  regiment 
was  mustered  in  on  Wheeling  Island. 

Montgomery  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  Quartermaster  General 
U.  S.  Army,  directed  the  equipping  and  supplying  of  the 
armies  in  the  field  from  May  15th,  1861,  to  the  end  of  the 
War. 

Kentucky  Act  of  Neutrality,  May  16th.  R.  T.  Jacob, 
Kentucky,  resisted  with  boldness  and  efficiency  the  effort 
to  have  Kentucky  secede. 

May  17th  citizens  of  Louisville  formed  the  "  Union 
Club,"  which  helped  determine  the  stand  of  Kentucky. 
This  was  during  the  extra  Kentucky  legislative  session  of 
May.  A  Federal  municipal  ticket  was  elected  in  Louisville, 
May  17th.  The  magazine  containing  the  ammunition  be 
longing  to  the  State  was  under  the  control  of  S.  B.  Buck- 
ner,  anti-Federal,  but  the  new  mayor  of  Louisville  de 
manded  the  keys,  and,  backed  by  the  Louisville  Home 
Guards,  armed  from  Washington,  enforced  the  surrender 
of  them.  Subsequently  the  Louisville  State  Guard  were 
despoiled  of  their  arms  by  the  mayor's  order. 

B.  M.   Prentiss,  Virginia,  was  placed  in   command  of 


32      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Cairo,  111.,  May  17th.  By  that  time  there  were  about  5,000 
Federals  there.  He  organized  camps  of  instruction  there. 
The  camp  was  named  "  Camp  Defiance."  He  strengthened 
the  post. 

May  17th  Harney  telegraphed  to  Winfield  Scott  for 
10,000  stand  of  arms  for  issue  to  Federal  Missourians  in 
other  counties  than  the  County  of  St.  Louis. 

The  Missouri  Legislature  divided  the  State  into  eight 
military  districts,  the  Governor  to  appoint  a  brigadier  gen 
eral  to  command  each,  and  a  major  general  to  command  the 
entire  force  when  called  into  active  service. 

May  18th  Sterling  Price  was  appointed  the  major  gen 
eral  of  the  Missouri  State  force.  By  that  date  more  than 
1,000  volunteers  for  Gov.  Jackson's  campaign  had  gathered 
at  Jefferson  City.  State  Guards  were  now  organized. 

May  20th,  1861,  North  Carolina  seceded. 

Magoffin,  as  Governor  of  Kentucky,  issued  a  proclama 
tion  on  May  20th  warning  the  people  of  the  State  from 
taking  any  part  in  hostilities  on  either  side,  and  forbidding 
both  the  United  States  and  the  Confederate  governments 
from  undertaking  any  occupation  of  Kentucky  territory, 
and  from  invading  her  soil  with  a  hostile  force. 

An  agreement,  which  came  to  be  called  the  Price-Harney 
Peace  Agreement,  was  made  between  them  May  21st.  The 
Missouri  State  forces  were  to  abstain  from  fighting  the  Fed 
eral  Government,  and  the  Federal  Government  was,  in  turn, 
to  make  no  war-like  move  against  the  State.  Blair's 
brother-in-law,  sent  by  him,  reached  Washington  May  16th, 
and  persuaded  President  Lincoln  to  make  an  order  reliev 
ing  Harney  from  command  of  the  Department  of  the  West, 
the  weight  of  Harney's  name  and  influence  having  had  their 
force,  and  extreme  measures  being  now  desired.  The  or 
der  was  sent  to  Blair,  to  be  delivered  by  him  to  Harney  as 
and  when  his  discretion  decided. 

An  address  from  the  Wheeling  mass-meeting  was  issued 
to  the  people  of  northwestern  Virginia  May  22d,  and 
separation  of  western  from  eastern  Virginia  was  voted  for. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      33 

May  23d  Virginia  ratified  at  the  polls  the  ordinance  of 
secession.  The  Federal  Virginians,  besides  voting  against 
it,  elected  at  the  same  time  members  of  the  General  As 
sembly  and  of  Congress. 

May  24th  the  Kentucky  Legislature  passed  an  act  for 
the  arming  of  the  State.  For  that  purpose  a  "  military 
board  "  was  created.  A  maj  ority  of  this  board  was  against 
the  secessionists.  It  was  authorized  to  borrow  money  for 
the  purchase  of  arms  for  the  Home  Guards  and  State 
Guards,  but  the  law  required  that  the  soldiers  should  take 
an  oath  of  fidelity  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
The  Legislature  took  no  pronounced  action.  The  members 
were  too  nearly  equally  divided  to  take  any  radical  step. 
The  Governor  was  greatly  disappointed. 

Campaigns  against  Virginia.  An  army  crossed  the 
Potomac  River  at  Washington  and  advanced  by  stages  un 
til  it  reached  Bull  Run.  Another  moved  south  a  short  dis 
tance  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  of  Virginia.  Troops 
reached  Fortress  Monroe,  Virginia,  by  water,  and  started  a 
move  on  the  Peninsula.  A  forward  move  was  made  from  the 
Ohio  River  into  the  interior  of  western  Virginia.  In  east 
ern  Virginia  the  object  was  to  defeat  the  Confederate  force 
interposed  between  the  Federal  forces  and  Richmond,  the 
Capital  of  the  Confederacy,  and  enter  that  city,  and 
the  immediate  defensive  was  the  protection  of  Washington, 
the  Capital  of  the  United  States. 

Federal  forces  crossed  into  Virginia  May  24th  and  en 
camped  opposite  Washington.  A  detachment  set  foot 
upon  the  east  bank  of  the  Ohio  River  in  western  Virginia 
May  26th. 

May  27th  Federals  advanced  simultaneously  from  Wheel 
ing  and  Parkersburg,  clearing  northwestern  Virginia  of 
Confederates,  and  leaving  the  anti-secession  people  there 
free  to  organize.  Part  of  a  regiment  which  had  been  or 
ganized  in  western  Virginia  took  cars  at  Wheeling  for 
Grafton  May  27th. 


34      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

May  28th  the  "  Department  of  Kentucky  "  was  created, 
with  Robert  Anderson,  Kentucky,  in  command,  headquar 
ters  Cincinnati. 

John  Newton,  Virginia,  was  Chief  Engineer  Department 
of  Pennsylvania,  May  29th  to  July  23d,  1861,  accom 
panying  the  army  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia. 

The  advance  reached  Grafton  May  30th.  It  was  sent  to 
drive  off  the  Confederates  and  protect  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  they  having  burned  some  bridges  on  it. 
Thos.  A.  Morris,  Kentucky,  had  been  placed  in  command 
of  all  troops  in  western  Virginia.  Jacob  Ammen,  Vir 
ginia,  and  Durbin  Ward,  Kentucky,  were  among  those  en 
gaged  in  the  western  Virginia  campaign. 

W.  H.  Emory,  Maryland,  had  concentrated  troops  of 
four  forts  at  Arbuckle,  Indian  Territory,  and  safely 
reached  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  May  31st. 

E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Kentucky,  was  made  acting  brigadier 
general  of  United  States  forces  in  New  Mexico  in  May, 
1861. 

Fremont  returned  from  Europe  in  May.  He  is  among 
those  given  some  of  the  credit  for  the  creation  of  iron 
clads  to  be  used  on  the  Mississippi  River.  Attorney-Gen 
eral  Bates,  Virginia,  pointed  out  the  necessity  of  creating  a 
naval  force  in  the  west  to  get  possession  of  the  tributaries 
of  the  Mississippi  River,  then  of  the  Mississippi  itself. 
The  first  step  in  the  creation  of  a  Mississippi  flotilla  was 
taken  in  May,  1861,  by  John  Rodgers,  naval  officer,  Mary 
land,  in  purchasing  the  Conestoga,  Lexington  and  Tyler 
and  converting  them  at  Cincinnati  into  wooden  gunboats. 
R.  N.  Stembel,  Maryland,  naval  officer,  helped  alter,  equip 
and  man  them.  Chas.  Steedman,  South  Carolina,  and 
A.  H.  Kilty,  Maryland,  naval  officers,  assisted  in  organ 
izing  naval  forces  that  operated  on  the  Mississippi  in  gun 
boats.  John  A.  Winslow,  North  Carolina,  naval  officer, 
helped  construct  the  Mississippi  flotilla  and  took  two  divi 
sions  down  to  Cairo.  W.  D.  Porter,  Louisiana,  naval 
officer,  helped  fit  out  the  gunboat  fleet.  He  designed  and 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      35 

superintended  the  construction  of  the  gunboats  Fort 
Henry  and  Choctaw.  Mound  City,  near  Cairo,  garrisoned 
by  Yates,  Governor  of  Illinois,  was  made  a  naval  depot. 
At  the  junction  of  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Rivers,  Cairo 
was  an  important  point,  and  the  naval  depot  was  a  large 
factor  in  operations.  A.  M.  Pennock,  Virginia,  naval 
officer,  was  placed  in  command  at  Cairo.  He  had  charge 
of  it,  with  the  naval  station  and  yard,  through  the  War. 
He  was  fleet  captain  of  the  Mississippi  Squadron.  The 
side  holding  the  Mississippi  could  cut  to  the  heart  of  the 
other. 

Harney  relinquished  command  of  the  Department  of  the 
West  May  30th.  Blair  wrote  the  President  May  30th  out 
lining  a  plan  for  the  President  to  authorize  the  enlistment 
in  Missouri  of  a  sufficient  number  of  troops  to  hold  Jeffer 
son  City,  Lexington,  St.  Joseph,  Hannibal,  Macon  City, 
Springfield  and  other  points,  and  to  order  the  United  States 
troops  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  the  regiments  that  were 
being  raised  in  Kansas,  to  cooperate  in  resisting  any  incur 
sion  into  the  State  from  the  southwest.  The  leaders  on  the 
other  side  were  represented  as  being  intimidated  by  the 
blow  struck  at  Camp  Jackson.  His  plan  embraced  opera 
tions  against  the  Confederates  from  the  Arkansas  line,  also 
to  the  Gulf  along  the  west  shore  of  the  Mississippi. 
Orders  conformably  were  instantly  given  by  President  Lin 
coln,  and  a  considerable  force,  fully  10,000  of  them  Mis 
souri  troops,  was  available  early  in  June,  well  organized, 
armed  and  equipped  for  active  service.  There  were  then 
10,000  at  St.  Louis,  and  several  thousand  Home  Guards 
in  different  parts  of  the  State,  generally  well  armed  and 
equipped.  A  thousand  regulars  were  at  Fort  Leavenworth. 
Against  all,  Governor  Jackson  had  only  a  thousand  par 
tially  organized  troops,  and  most  of  these  were  armed  with 
shotguns  and  rifles. 

June  1st,  Action  of  Fairfax  C.  H.,  Va.  Chas.  H. 
Tompkins,  Virginia,  made  a  striking  attack  on  a  Confed 
erate  force  and  gained  a  victory.  He  had  two  horses  shot 


36      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

under  him,  the  second  falling  and  severely  injuring  him. 
This  cavalry  success  was  the  first  of  the  War. 

George  H.  Thomas,  Virginia,  was  employed  in  opera 
tions  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  June  1st  to  August  6th, 
1861. 

L.  H.  Rousseau,  Kentucky,  went  to  Washington  in  June. 
He  was  invested  with  authority  to  raise  two  regiments  or  a 
brigade.  He  proposed  and  established  "  Camp  Joe  Holt," 
between  Jeffersonville  and  New  Albany,  opposite  Louisville, 
recruiting  from  Kentucky. 

Action  of  Philippi,  western  Virginia,  June  3d.  T.  A. 
Morris,  Kentucky,  adopted  a  plan  of  sending  two  columns 
by  night  to  reach  Philippi  from  different  directions.  The 
Confederates  were  surprised  and  routed. 

June  4th  the  election  for  delegates  to  the  western  Vir 
ginia  Convention  was  held. 

June  5th  5,000  more  guns  from  President  Lincoln  were 
issued  to  the  Kentuckians  and  the  distribution  proceeded. 
That  day  B.  M.  Prentiss,  Virginia,  broke  up  an  anti- 
Federal  camp,  five  miles  inland  from  Cairo,  111.  During 
the  summer  and  fall  of  1861  O.  McK.  Mitchel,  Kentucky, 
was  in  command  at  Cincinnati. 

June  8th  Tennessee  declared  herself  out  of  the  Union 
by  popular  vote.  East  Tennessee  voted  against  secession 
more  than  two  to  one. 

June  llth  the  Convention  met  at  Wheeling.  Its  mem 
bership  embraced,  besides  delegates,  the  Federal  members 
of  the  General  Assembly. 

June  llth  Gov.  Jackson  and  General  Sterling  Price  had 
a  conference  at  St.  Louis  to  which  F.  P.  Blair  was  a  party. 
Not  peace,  but  war  in  Missouri  was  the  outcome.  Gov. 
Jackson  issued  a  proclamation  June  12th  calling  the  peo 
ple  of  Missouri  to  arms.  Orders  were  issued  that  day  to 
the  commanding  officers  of  the  several  military  districts 
to  immediately  assemble  all  of  their  available  men  for  in 
stant  service  in  the  field  against  the  Federals.  Gov.  Jack 
son  learned  the  13th  that  Federal  troops  were  embarking 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      37 

at  St.  Louis  with  the  evident  intention  of  moving  up  the 
Mississippi  River  against  Jefferson  City,  situated  on  its 
south  bank.  The  Governor  and  others  steamed  to  Boone- 
ville  that  night.  Federal  troops  began  moving  on  the  13th 
by  land  from  St.  Louis  toward  Springfield,  mostly  Mis- 
sourians,  in  addition  to  the  Missouri  volunteers  with  some 
regulars  who  moved  by  river  from  St.  Louis  that  day, 
arriving  at  the  Missouri  Capital,  Jefferson  City,  on  the 
15th,  and  taking  possession.  About  1,700  Federals  pro 
ceeded  towards  Booneville  June  16th. 

Action  of  Booneville,  Mo.,  June  17th,  1861.  The  Mis 
souri  volunteers  were  commanded  by  F.  P.  Blair,  Kentucky. 
Marmaduke  was  encountered,  whose  orders  were  to  delay 
the  Federals,  while  other  troops  of  his  side  united. 
Marmaduke's  force  was  dispersed  when  he  attempted  to  fall 
back  in  the  presence  of  the  Federals,  under  Gov.  Jackson's 
orders.  The  disarming  of  the  State  forces  at  Camp  Jack 
son  had  given  the  Federals  St.  Louis  and  all  the  adjacent 
counties.  The  advance  upon  the  Missouri  Capital  had 
caused  the  State  Government  to  evacuate  it,  losing  prestige 
and  much  authority.  After  Booneville,  the  State  forces 
had  to  give  up  the  line  of  the  Missouri  and  retire  to  the 
southern  part  of  the  State,  the  Federals  gaining  the  power 
to  call  into  their  service  part  of  the  men  in  the  region 
between. 

Blair,  finding  that  Missouri  had  been  detached  from  the 
Department  of  the  West,  went  to  Washington  and  secured 
the  organization  of  "  The  Western  Department,"  under 
J.  C.  Fremont,  with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis,  the  Depart 
ment  consisting  of  Illinois,  Missouri,  and  all  the  other 
States  and  territories  lying  between  the  Mississippi  River 
and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

June  17th  the  western  Virginia  Convention  declared  all 
Virginia  State  offices  held  by  secessionists  vacant,  and  as 
sumed  to  fill  them  with  Federals,  forming  a  new  govern 
ment,  and  convened  a  Legislature  at  Wheeling. 

June  17th  M.  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  Quartermaster  Gen- 


38      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

eral,  issued  proposals  for  building  Mississippi  iron-clads. 

The  Wheeling  Convention  appointed  Francis  H.  Pier- 
pont  provisional  governor  of  Federal  Virginia  June  20th. 

In  Kentucky  at  the  election  for  members  of  Congress 
June  20th  it  was  made  clear  that  Kentucky  was  lost  to  the 
Confederates. 

An  eastern  Tennessee  Union  convention  at  Greeneville 
declared  its  opposition  to  the  Confederate  Government 
June  21st. 

President  Lincoln  recognized  the  new  Government  of 
Virginia  June  26th. 

Thos.  T.  Craven,  District  of  Columbia,  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  Potomac  River  flotilla  June  27th.  Con 
federates  maintained  a  blockade  of  the  Potomac  until 
March,  1862,  when  they  retired  to  the  line  of  the  Rappa- 
hannock  River. 

W.  P.  McCann,  Kentucky,  landed  additional  reenforce- 
ments  at  Fort  Pickens  in  June. 

M.  C.  Meigs  contracted  for  the  Government  in  July  for 
the  building  of  a  number  of  iron-clad  gunboats  for  the 
western  waters. 

J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  Cheat 
Mountain  District  of  Virginia  from  July  to  December, 
1861. 

A  Federal  Virginia  Legislature  was  elected  and  met  at 
Wheeling  July  1st.  Two  United  States  senators  were 
elected  by  it. 

Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky,  had  commenced  the  enrollment  of 
troops  in  central  Kentucky.  He  took  the  first  steps  to 
establish  Camp  Dick  Robinson  July  2d.  Nelson  organ 
ized  two  camps  and  raised  regiments. 

Action  of  Falling  Waters,  Va.,  July  2d.  T.  J.  Jackson 
met  the  Federal  advance  under  George  H.  Thomas,  Virginia. 
Besides  observing,  he  delayed  it  with  artillery.  Thomas 
moved  to  the  attack  and  Jackson  retired  his  small  force. 
John  Newton,  Virginia;  R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  and 
J.  J.  Abercrombie,  Tennessee,  were  among  the  Federals 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      39 

engaged.  Thomas,  in  command  of  a  brigade,  led  the  ad 
vance  of  the  army  towards  Winchester,  skirmishing  at 
Martinsburg,  Va.,  July  3d. 

Carthage,  or  Dry  Forks,  Mo.,  July  5th.  This  engage 
ment  was  nine  miles  north  of  Carthage.  The  retreat  of 
Gov.  Jackson's  force  had  been  intercepted  by  the  troops 
sent  by  land  from  St.  Louis,  who  attacked  Gov.  Jackson. 
His  superior  numbers  spread  around  both  Federal  flanks, 
and  the  Federals  thereupon  retreated. 

At  Neosho,  Mo.,  July  5th,  McCulloch,  marching  to  the 
relief  of  Gov.  Jackson,  captured  a  company  which  the 
Federals  had  left  there.  The  Federal  force  from  Boone- 
ville  had  been  close  after  Jackson.  They  had  left 
Booneville  July  3d,  with  a  much  superior  force.  They 
followed  Jackson  until  they  learned  of  his  victory,  when 
they  turned  toward  Springfield  to  the  aid  of  their  retreat 
ing  comrades. 

Fremont  was  put  in  charge  of  the  Western  Department 
July  6th. 

July  9th,  1861,  the  two  Kentucky  regiments  at  Camp 
Clay  embarked  on  steamers  for  western  Virginia. 

T.  A.  Morris,  Kentucky,  commanding  at  the  skirmish 
with  the  Confederates  at  Laurel  Hill,  or  Laurel  Moun 
tain,  western  Virginia,  pursued  them  thence  July  9th. 

Combat  of  Rich  Mountain,  western  Virginia,  July  llth. 
Morris  was  ordered  to  march  from  Philippi  to  a  position 
one  and  a  half  miles  in  front  of  Garnett's  principal  camp, 
which  was  promptly  done.  A  western  Virginia  citizen 
gave  information  of  a  road  whereby  the  Confederate  left 
flank  could  be  turned,  and  about  2,000  men  were  moved 
to  do  so.  A  detachment  of  about  350  Confederates,  how 
ever,  was  found  guarding  the  road  at  the  mountain  summit, 
which  opened  fire  when  the  Federals  approached.  The 
detachment  was  forced  from  its  first  position,  but  with 
reinforcements  made  a  show  of  resistance  on  the  crest 
farther  on.  About  half  of  Pegram's  Confederates  re 
treated  southward  during  the  night.  The  force  remaining 


40     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

with  Pegram  divided,  and  Pegram  surrendered  555  men,  it 
being  thought  that  the  region  would  not  afford  food  enough 
for  his  men  to  make  their  way  east  over  the  mountains  and 
across  the  wilderness.  He  had  attempted  to  join  Garnett 
until  this  was  found  impracticable.  The  Confederates  who 
had  retreated  southwardly  made  good  their  escape.  Gar 
nett,  with  the  main  Confederate  force,  retreated  from 
Laurel  Mountain  over  Cheat  Mountain  and  northwardly. 
Morris  learned  of  Garnett's  retreat  at  dawn  and  started  in 
pursuit.  Wm.  P.  Benton,  Maryland,  fought  bravely  and 
Durbin  Ward,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  in  this  combat. 

Combat  of  Carrick's  Ford,  western  Virginia,  July  13th. 
Morris  came  up  with  and  struck  Garnett  at  Carrick's  Ford. 
Garnett  was  killed  at  a  ford  a  mile  or  two  farther  on,  in 
a  skirmish  with  Morris'  troops.  His  men  were  not  inter 
cepted  in  their  further  retreat  east. 

George  H.  Thomas,  Virginia,  drove  in  outlying  forces  at 
Bunker  Hill,  July  15th. 

July  15th,  1861,  Nelson  and  other  Kentuckians  started 
to  establish  a  camp  in  the  center  of  the  State,  "  Camp  Dick 
Robinson."  This  is  interesting  as  the  genesis  of  the  Army 
of  the  Ohio,  soon  becoming  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland. 
Nelson  was  made  lieutenant  commander  July  16th  and 
assigned  to  the  command  of  gunboats  patrolling  the  Ohio 
River. 

The  army  near  Washington  marched  toward  Bull  Run 
July  16th.  Winfield  Scott  was  unable  to  take  the  field, 
having  been  unable  to  walk  without  assistance  for  over  two 
years,  but  he  directed  the  movements  in  the  advance. 

General  Morgan  dispersed  Home  Guards  at  Cynthiana 
July  17th.  Green  C.  Smith,  Kentucky,  caused  him  to  re 
treat  southward. 

John  Pope,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  District 
of  northern  Missouri,  July  17th  to  October,  1861. 

Action  of  Blackburn's  Ford,  July  18th.  Barton  S. 
Alexander,  Kentucky,  was  engineer  officer  of  the  troops 
engaged.  The  Federals  engaged  fell  back  to  Centreville. 


CHAPTER  II 

BULL  RUN  —  WILSON'S  CREEK  —  HATTERAS  INLET  —  BEL- 
MONT —  PORT  ROYAL  —  MILL  SPRINGS  —  FORT  HENRY  — 
ROANOKE  ISLAND  —  FORT  DONELSON  —  PEA  RIDGE  —  FIRST 
IRON-CLAD  BATTLE  —  NEW  MADRID  —  NEW  BERN  —  KERNS- 
TOWN. 

BATTLE  of  First  Bull  Run,  or  Manassas,  July  21st, 
1861.  J.  E.  Johnston  and  one  of  his  brigades  had  reached 
the  field  from  the  Valley  of  Virginia  the  morning  of  the 
20th.  The  Confederates  faced  north  and  were  massing  on 
their  right  to  strike  the  Federal  left  flank.  The  Federals 
turned  the  Confederate  left  flank,  David  Hunter,  District 
of  Columbia,  leading  the  flanking  force  with  his  division, 
which  started  the  battle.  He  was  severely  wounded  very 
early  in  the  action.  The  Federals  gained  ground,  but  by 
noon  Johnston's  army  was  united  with  Beauregard's  and 
the  Federals  were  routed.  John  W.  Barriger,  Kentucky, 
was  brave;  J.  R.  Hawley,  North  Carolina,  showed  good 
conduct.  Barton  S.  Alexander,  Kentucky;  W.  A.  Gor 
man,  Kentucky,  and  Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian  Territory,  were 
engaged.  M.  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  was  present.  D.  S. 
Miles,  Maryland,  commanded  the  reserve  division  at  Cen- 
treville.  John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged. 

Tompkins,  Louisville  Chief  of  the  "Knights  of  the 
Golden  Circle,"  a  secret  anti-Federal  organization,  was 
killed  when  just  about  to  seize  Louisville  following  the  Bull 
Run  rout. 

The  Missouri  State  Convention  met  at  Jefferson  City 
July  22d.  It  deposed  Gov.  Jackson,  vacated  the  seats  of 
members  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  established  a  State 
Government  antagonistic  to  the  Confederates,  using  all  its 
powers  to  crush  them.  The  holding  of  Springfield  by  the 

41 


42     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

army  enabled  this.  A  proclamation  was  issued  by  tbe  Fed 
erals,  promising  not  to  molest  any  man  who  had  taken  up 
arms  against  the  Federal  Government,  if  he  would  return 
to  his  home  and  remain  there  quietly,  which  kept  thousands 
of  men  out  of  the  State  Guard. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged  on  the  defenses 
of  Washington  July  23d,  1861,  to  March  10th,  1862. 

Fremont  reached  St.  Louis  July  25th  and  assumed  com 
mand.  He  declared  martial  law  in  Missouri. 

John  Newton,  Virginia,  was  Chief  Engineer,  Department 
of  the  Shenandoah,  July  25th  to  August  26th. 

H.  R.  Gamble,  Virginia,  was  elected  provisional  gov 
ernor  of  Missouri  by  the  Missouri  Convention  July  31st. 
One  of  his  first  important  public  acts  was  to  obtain  from 
President  Lincoln  authority  to  raise  a  special  force  of  State 
militia,  to  be  employed  only  in  defense  of  the  State,  but  to 
be  paid,  equipped  and  supplied  by  the  United  States. 

Fremont  reenforced  Cairo  against  a  threatened  Confed 
erate  attack. 

August  1st,  1861,  the  Federals  at  Springfield,  Mo., 
learned  that  their  antagonists  were  marching  against  them. 
They  moved  from  Springfield,  with  some  prospect  of  strik 
ing  the  three  Confederate  columns  in  detail. 

At  Dug  Springs,  Mo.,  August  2d  McCulloch's  advance 
force  was  struck  and  put  to  flight.  The  Federals  returned 
to  Springfield  later,  fearing  for  their  communications. 
Confederates  and  State  troops  followed. 

A  large  majority  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  elected 
August  5th  were  against  secession.  The  day  after  the 
election  recruits  began  to  arrive  at  Camp  Dick  Robinson. 
Volunteers  flocked  there  from  different  parts  of  Kentucky, 
many  from  the  mountains,  and  large  numbers  from  east 
Tennessee.  Gov.  Magoffin  wrote  President  Lincoln,  de 
claring  the  neutrality  of  Kentucky,  and  urging  removal  of 
the  forces  from  the  State.  Lincoln  refused,  on  the  ground 
that  the  troops  were  Kentuckians  and  were  not  menacing 
their  fellow  citizens. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      43 

Nelson  gave  orders  and  sent  men  from  Camp  Dick  Robin 
son  to  Lexington  which,  with  Lexington  Home  Guards, 
thwarted  the  purpose  of  the  State  Guards  to  seize  their 
arms  en  route  to  Camp  Dick  Robinson. 

B.  M.  Prentiss,  Virginia,  occupied  Cape  Girardeau,  Pilot 
Knob  and  Ironton  to  prevent  them  from  falling  into  the 
hands  of  Hardee. 

The  western  Virginia  Convention  reassembled  August 
6th. 

Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  Oak  Hills  or  Springfield,  Mo., 
August  10th.  A  portion,  nearly  all  Missourians,  of  the 
Federal  army  marched  to  turn  the  right  flank  of  the  Con 
federate  army,  the  Confederates  facing  east,  while  the  main 
body  moved  to  turn  the  left  flank  the  p.  M.  of  August  9th, 
which  was  accomplished.  The  Confederate  right  also  was 
successfully  turned.  Both  Federal  bodies  attacked  the 
Confederates.  The  Confederates  formed  a  line  opposing 
the  attack  from  the  north.  Confederate  troops  east  of 
the  creek  were  moved  to  support  both  parts  of  the  field. 
Confederates  then  attacked  the  body  on  their  right  flank, 
routing  it.  The  main  Federal  body  was  repulsed  and  re 
treated.  R.  H.  Weightman,  Maryland,  was  killed  while 
commanding  a  brigade.  The  Confederates  were  superior 
in  numbers.  The  Federal  army  retreated  to  Rolla,  Mo., 
reaching  there  August  17th.  The  Federals  lost  1,317  in 
the  battle  and  the  Confederates  1,230. 

Citizens  of  Maryland  had  formed  an  anti-secession 
party.  It  authorized  a  State  convention  for  August  15th. 

August  15th  Robert  Anderson's  command  was  extended 
to  embrace  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  under  the  title,  "  De 
partment  of  the  Cumberland." 

August  20th  the  Federal  Virginia  Convention  passed  an 
ordinance  authorizing  the  creation  of  a  new  State  in  the 
western  part  of  Virginia,  provided  the  people  thereof  voted 
in  favor  of  it.  The  ordinance  provided  for  an  election  of 
delegates  to  meet  at  Wheeling  Nov.  26th,  1861,  to  frame 
a  constitution  for  the  proposed  State. 


44      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Campaigns  by  Water  down  the  Atlantic  Coast.  Hat- 
teras  Inlet,  guarded  on  either  side  by  Forts  Hatteras  and 
Clark,  was  the  entrance  to  Albemarle  and  Pamlico  Sounds, 
North  Carolina,  rivers  flowing  eastward  from  the  center  of 
the  State  into  them.  Cities  and  towns  were  situated  along 
these  rivers  and  sounds,  and  commerce  with  foreign  coun 
tries  could  be  carried  on  through  Hatteras  Inlet.  An  ex 
pedition  against  Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark  left  Hampton 
Roads  August  20th.  The  need  of  a  naval  station  and  con 
venient  harbor  on  the  South  Atlantic  Coast  led  later  to  an 
expedition  against  Port  Royal,  S.  C. 

Bombardment  of  Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark,  August 
28th-29th,  1861.  They  surrendered  August  29th  with 
670  men,  1,000  stand  of  arms  and  35  cannon.  Henry  K. 
Davenport,  Georgia,  and  John  H.  Upshur,  Virginia,  were 
engaged;  E.  O.  Matthews,  Maryland,  and  A.  W.  Weaver, 
District  of  Columbia,  assisted  in  the  capture  of  the  Forts 
—  all  naval  officers. 

John  Guest,  Missouri,  in  command  of  the  boats  of  the 
Niagara,  cut  out  the  Confederate  steamer  Aid  under  the 
guns  of  Fort  Morgan,  Mobile  Bay,  in  August,  1861. 

During  August  John  Pope,  Kentucky,  with  about  5,000 
men,  was  operating  in  northern  Missouri. 

A.  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  marched  a  regi 
ment  from  Utah  to  Washington,  September-October, 
1861. 

By  September  1st  there  had  gathered  at  Camp  Dick 
Robinson,  Ky.,  four  Kentucky  regiments  and  nearly  2,000 
east  Tennesseans. 

Robert  Anderson's  headquarters  were  moved  to  Louis 
ville  September  1st.  He  requested  Thomas'  services  in 
Kentucky. 

L.  M.  Goldsborough,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  from  September, 
1861,  to  September,  1862. 

Sterling  Price,  advancing  on  Lexington,  Mo.,  arrived  at 
Dry  Wood,  12  miles  east  of  Fort  Scott,  on  the  night  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      45 

September  1st.  Fremont  ordered  the  troops  at  Jefferson 
City,  some  10,000,  to  Lexington's  relief.  He  also  directed 
troops  thither  from  northern  Missouri. 

The  next  to  highest  officer  of  the  Kentucky  State  Guard, 
brigadier  general,  was  on  the  Federal  side,  Thos.  L.  Crit- 
tenden,  Kentucky.  S.  B.  Buckner,  Confederate,  was  com 
mander  of  the  State  Guard.  Confederate  General  Folk's 
force  entered  Kentucky  September  3d,  headed  for  Colum 
bus.  The  Legislature  passed  resolutions  looking  to  its 
expulsion  by  Kentucky  troops  to  be  commanded  by  T.  L. 
Crittenden.  Fremont,  having  heard  that  General  Pillow 
was  marching  upon  Cairo,  had  reenforced  it  with  3,800 
men.  Pillow  abandoned  the  proposed  attack.  Fremont 
arranged  for  the  equipment  of  troops  and  ordered  a  move 
on  Paducah,  which  was  occupied  only  six  hours  in  advance 
of  the  Confederates'  appearance.  Vessels  were  instru 
mental  in  the  acquisition  of  Paducah.  Confederate  Gen 
eral  Zollicoffer  entered  Kentucky  in  the  east  at  the  same 
time  with  Polk's  advance  to  Columbus,  first  occupying 
Cumberland  Gap.  Polk  occupied  Hickman  and  Chalk 
Bluffs,  Ky.,  September  5th.  The  troops  sent  by  Fremont 
landed  at  Paducah  the  6th.  Polk  took  possession  of  Co 
lumbus  the  7th. 

Engagement  of  Lucas'  Bend,  September  9th.  R.  N. 
Stembel,  Maryland,  naval  officer,  contributed  largely  to  the 
Federal  success. 

George  H.  Thomas,  Virginia,  was  engaged  in  the  De 
partment  of  the  Cumberland  from  September  6th,  report 
ing  at  Louisville  that  day.  He  was  assigned  to  command 
at  Camp  Dick  Robinson  September  10th,  relieving  Nelson. 
Thomas  was  given  general  direction  of  the  Home  Guards 
in  central  Kentucky.  He  raised  and  equipped  six  regi 
ments  and  organized  the  First  Kentucky  Brigade,  which 
was  the  first  brigade  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  or  Cumber 
land —  the  nucleus  of  that  army.  Nelson  was  soon  as 
signed  to  duty  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  to  organize  a  force  to 
operate  in  eastern  Kentucky. 


46      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

A  rally  of  Kentucky  Federal  regiments  took  place,  and 
during  the  autumn  forty  were  filled  and  in  the  field.  There 
were  Home  Guard  companies  in  addition  to  these.  The 
Kentucky  Confederates  flocked  to  Camp  Boone  in  northern 
Tennessee. 

Henry  Walke,  Virginia,  commanded  the  gunboat  Taylor 
September  12th  at  Cairo. 

September  12th  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  formally 
allied  the  State  with  the  Federals,  and  invoked  the  aid  of 
the  Federal  Government. 

Combats  of  Cheat  Mountain  and  Elk  Water,  September 
12th,  13th  and  14th.  The  Federals  were  attacked.  Un 
der  J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  they  held  their  position. 
Jacob  Ammen,  Virginia,  was  engaged.  Reynolds'  services 
in  western  Virginia  were  of  merit. 

Siege  of  Lexington,  Mo.,  September  12th  to  20th,  1861. 

Henry  Walke,  Virginia,  made  a  naval  reconnoissance  to 
Columbus,  Ky.,  September  14th. 

John  H.  Russell,  Maryland,  boarded  and  destroyed  the 
Judah  the  night  of  September  14th.  She  was  being  fitted 
out  at  the  Pensacola  navy  yard  as  a  privateer.  She  was 
protected  by  shore  batteries  and  9,000  men.  In  this  boat 
excursion  he  was  severely  wounded  and  20  of  his  100 
sailors  were  killed  or  wounded.  This  is  the  most  noted 
cutting-out  that  occurred  during  the  War,  and  received 
special  mention. 

Wm.  Nelson  was  formally  exchanged  from  the  navy  to 
the  army  September  16th. 

Just  before  September  17th  many  unfriendly  members 
of  the  Maryland  Legislature  were  arrested  by  the  Federals. 

A  second  incursion  into  Kentucky  was  conducted  by 
S.  B.  Buckner  September  17th.  The  Confederates  made 
their  way  up  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  and 
Louisville  was  threatened.  Reliable  information  that 
Buckner  meditated  an  advance  on  Louisville  had  reached 
Anderson.  He  had  Louisville  troops  assembled,  and  L.  H. 
Rousseau,  Kentucky,  was  ordered  to  report  in  Louisville 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      47 

with  all  available  troops,  as  Buckner  ncared  Louisville. 
Rousseau  brought  1,200  men  from  Camp  Joe  Holt. 
Louisville  was  defended  by  more  than  3,000  Louisville 
soldiers.  Anderson  threw  forward  the  force  to  Muldraugh 
Hill,  where  R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  reenforced  them 
with  additional  companies  of  Home  Guards  and  assumed 
command.  Buckner's  locomotive  had  been  purposely  de 
railed,  delaying  him.  He  withdrew  to  Bowling  Green  and 
intrenched.  In  conjunction  with  Buckner's  movement, 
Zollicoffer  advanced,  threatening  Camp  Dick  Robinson, 
reaching  Barboursville  September  18th.  Thomas  made 
dispositions  and  Zollicoffer  retired. 

Thomas  wras  engaged  in  organizing  Kentucky  and  Ten 
nessee  volunteers  at  Camp  Dick  Robinson  from  September 
18th  to  October  28th.  By  the  end  of  the  year  28  regi 
ments  of  infantry  and  6  of  cavalry  and  3  batteries  had 
been  organized. 

O.  McK.  Mitchel,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the 
Department  of  the  Ohio,  September  19th  to  November 
15th.  He  constructed  defenses  at  Cincinnati  and  organ 
ized  volunteers  at  Louisville. 

Thomas  rendered  abortive  an  attempt  of  secessionists  to 
assemble  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  September  20th,  with  a  plan 
to  seize  the  arms  at  Lexington  and  the  Frankfort  arsenal, 
compel  the  evacuation  of  Camp  Dick  Robinson,  reach 
Louisville  and  gain  the  State.  Thomas,  by  acting 
promptly,  sending  troops  to  Lexington,  caused  the  concen 
tration  in  progress  to  cease  and  the  plan  to  be  abandoned. 

Robert  Anderson  assumed  command  of  the  Department 
of  Kentucky  September  20th. 

Lexington,  Mo.,  September  20th.  The  Federals  were 
overcome  and  surrendered.  Price  took  3,000  prisoners,  5 
cannon  and  3,000  stand  of  arms.  The  final  attack  came 
before  the  troops  ordered  there  by  Fremont  had  arrived. 
John  P.  C.  Shanks,  Virginia,  was  with  Fremont  September 
20th  to  November  19th.  After  the  fall  of  Lexington, 
Fremont  moved  against  Price,  who  retreated  south. 


48      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Gov.  Jackson  called  the  Legislature  together  at  Neosho, 
Mo. 

Fremont  obtained  guns  from  the  Government  at  Wash 
ington  the  latter  part  of  1861. 

John  Newton,  Virginia,  was  assistant  engineer  in  the 
construction  of  the  defenses  of  Washington  September 
23d,  1861,  to  March  10th,  1862,  also  commanding  a  bri 
gade  there. 

September  25th  the  Kentucky  Legislature  passed  a  bill 
providing  for  the  enlistment  of  40,000  volunteers,  to  serve 
from  one  to  three  years. 

Fremont  left  St.  Louis  September  27th  and  took  the 
field.  Concentrating  from  various  quarters  toward  Se- 
dalia,  his  Army  of  the  West  was  formed  in  five  divisions. 
D.  Hunter,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the  1st  di 
vision,  and  John  Pope,  Kentucky,  the  2d.  Fifty  thousand 
men  were  under  Fremont's  direction.  Before  this  formi 
dable  advance,  and  with  Fremont  moving  divisions  to  inter 
cept  his  retreat,  Price  retired,  eluding  him,  and  Fremont 
followed  to  southwest  Missouri. 

Action  of  Greenbrier  River,  western  Virginia,  October 
3d.  J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  attacked  the  Confederates, 
who  held  their  position.  Jacob  Ammen,  Virginia,  was  en 
gaged. 

Thomas  had  established  Camp  Wildcat  in  eastern  Ken 
tucky,  to  check  the  advance  of  Confederates  through 
Cumberland  Gap.  Zollicoffer,  in  October,  moved  as  far 
into  Kentucky  as  London,  near  where  he  attacked  the  Fed 
erals  at  Camp  Wildcat  October  4th,  and,  aftej*  serious  loss, 
retired.  Kentucky  infantry  there  were  under  T.  T.  Gar- 
rard,  Kentucky,  and  S.  P.  Carter  showed  merit. 

Anderson's  health  failing,  he  was  relieved  October  7th. 

Action  at  Ivy  Creek,  October  8th.  Nelson  defeated  the 
Confederates,  who  retreated  through  Pound  Gap  into  Vir 
ginia. 

A.  D.  Harrell,  Virginia,  naval  officer,  informed  that  a 
large  schooner  was  lying  in  Quantico  Creek,  and  that  a  body 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      49 

of  troops  had  assembled  there  to  cross  the  Potomac  into 
Maryland,  boarded  and  burnt  her,  October  llth. 

The  first  iron-clad  was  launched  at  Carondelet,  Mo., 
October  12th;  six  others  followed  in  the  next  twenty  days. 
The  Benton  was  a  wrecking  boat  bought  by  Fremont  and 
converted  into  a  strong  iron-clad. 

Some  Kentucky  regiments  were  engaged  in  an  action  at 
Upton  Hill,  Ky.,  October  12th. 

A  North  Carolina  Federal  movement,  soon  after  sup 
pressed,  was  begun  by  a  convention  in  Hyde  county,  which 
declared  independence  of  the  State  government  October 
12th.  A  convention  was  called. 

J.  B.  S.  Todd,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  North 
Missouri  District  from  October  15th  to  December  1st, 
1861.  Thos.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  a 
brigade  at  Camp  Nevin,  Kentucky,  October  16th  to  De 
cember  24th. 

Action  at  Rock  Castle  Hills,  October  21st.  Troops 
sent  by  Thomas  were  attacked  by  Confederates,  who  were 
repulsed  in  the  morning  and  again  in  the  afternoon. 

Action  at  West  Liberty,  Ky.,  October  23d.  Some  Ken 
tucky  regiments  were  engaged. 

Fremont,  October  24th,  sent  forward  a  small  force, 
which  struck  a  Confederate  force  next  day  guarding 
Springfield,  and  charged  into  Springfield.  Fremont's 
bodyguard  was  part  of  the  force.  Prisoners  were  freed. 

The  Confederates  lost  there  October  26th,  and  Fremont 
occupied  Springfield  October  27th.  J.  McA.  Palmer,  Ken 
tucky,  and  Wm.  Vandever,  Maryland,  accompanied  Fre 
mont  in  the  Springfield  campaign. 

A  minority  of  the  whole  membership  of  the  Missouri 
Legislature  passed  an  ordinance  of  secession  at  Neosho 
October  28th.  Delegates  to  the  Confederate  Congress 
were  elected. 

The  combined  army  and  navy  expedition  against  Port 
Royal,  S.  C. —  50  vessels  and  15,000  men  —  sailed  from 
Fortress  Monroe  October  29th. 


50      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

In  an  action  at  Woodbury,  Ky.,  late  in  October,  S.  G. 
Burbridge,  Kentucky,  defeated  the  Confederates.  Fed 
eral  Kentucky  regiments  were  engaged. 

Some  Federal  Kentucky  regiments  were  engaged  at  Cave 
City,  Morgantown  and  Rochester  in  October. 

Engagements  with  Confederate  batteries  near  Budd's 
Ferry,  November  and  December,  1861.  G.  W.  Getty,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  was  in  command  of  the  Federal  artillery. 

E.  O.  C.  Ord,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  brigade 
forming  the  extreme  right  before  Washington,  November, 
1861,  to  May  2d,  1862. 

November  1st  Winfield  Scott's  resignation  took  effect. 

November  2d  Fremont  received  an  order  relieving  him 
from  command  of  the  Department  of  the  West.  He  was 
on  the  eve  of  moving  south  from  Tipton.  D.  Hunter,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  succeeded  him.  Price  had  retired  to 
the  extreme  southwest  part  of  Missouri. 

November  3d  occurred  a  rising  of  Union  men  in  east 
Tennessee,  who  destroyed  railroad  bridges. 

John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  made  a  reconnoissance  in  force 
of  Port  Royal  harbor  November  5th. 

Combat  of  Belmont,  Mo.,  November  7th.  Fremont  had 
arranged  for  a  demonstration  upon  Columbus,  Ky.  The 
gunboats  Tyler  and  Lexington  escorted  the  transports  con 
taining  two  brigades  of  3,100  men.  J.  A.  McClernand, 
Kentucky,  commanded  one  brigade.  Henry  Walke,  Vir 
ginia,  was  in  naval  command,  on  the  Tyler,  and  R.  N. 
Stembel,  Maryland,  commanded  the  Lexington.  The  Con 
federates  were  driven  to  the  river  bank,  and  their  camp 
was  captured.  The  gunboats  engaged  the  batteries  across 
the  river  at  Columbus,  Ky.,  as  a  diversion.  The  Confed 
erates  on  the  Missouri  side  were  reenforced  from  Columbus, 
and  the  Federals  made  their  way  back  to  the  gunboats. 
Officers  of  the  gunboats  were  informed  by  McClernand  of 
the  approach  of  the  Confederates,  who  pursued  the  troops 
to  the  landing  and  opened  on  the  transports  filling  with 
soldiers.  The  fire  of  the  gunboats  caused  the  Confederates 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      51 

to  withdraw.  The  regiment  of  Napoleon  B.  Buford,  Ken 
tucky,  became  separated  and  made  its  way  north  by  a  road 
back  from  the  river.  They  were  taken  aboard  a  trans 
port.  The  gunboats  had  covered  the  retreat  of  the 
troops,  protected  them,  prevented  the  Confederates  from 
cutting  off  a  portion  on  retreat,  and  took  the  troops  away. 
J.  G.  Lauman,  Maryland,  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
battle. 

Port  Royal,  S.  C.,  November  7th.  Bombardment  and 
capture  of  Fort  Walker  on  Hilton  Head  and  Fort  Beaure- 
gard.  Naval  and  military  expedition.  Chas.  Steedman, 
South  Carolina,  in  the  Bienville,  commanded  the  flanking 
division,  and  so  led  the  second  column  in  the  attack  and 
capture.  Fort  Walker  was  reduced  and  Fort  Beauregard 
was  abandoned.  John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  served  as  aide 
to  the  flag  officer,  performing  many  useful  services,  and 
hoisted  the  United  States  flag  over  Fort  Walker.  The 
Pocahontas,  commanded  by  Percival  Drayton,  South  Caro 
lina,  damaged  the  Fort  greatly.  Thos.  G.  Corbin,  Vir 
ginia,  commanded  the  Wabash  and  fought  skillfully. 
John  P.  Bankhead,  South  Carolina,  commanded  the  Pem- 
b'ma.  John  H.  Upshur,  Virginia,  and  A.  W.  Weaver, 
District  of  Columbia,  naval  officers,  and  Robert  Williams, 
Virginia,  army  officer,  were  engaged.  Fifty-two  pieces  of 
ordnance  were  taken.  Port  Royal  was  an  important  har 
bor  and  valuable  for  a  coaling  station. 

Other  forts  on  the  contiguous  coast  were  abandoned  in 
consequence  of  the  victory  at  Port  Royal.  Rodgers  and 
Drayton,  following  the  battle,  made  expeditions  along  the 
coast.  Drayton  went  in  St.  Helena  Sound. 

November  7th  J.  E.  Jouett,  Kentucky,  with  two  launches, 
captured  and  burned  the  schooner  Royal  Yacht,  carrying 
one  32-pounder,  at  Galveston.  He  commanded  a  detach 
ment  of  sailors  and  marines  from  the  Santee.  He  had  a 
hand-to-hand  conflict  with  the  commander  of  the  lloyal 
Yacht,  and  received  two  severe  wounds  in  the  right  arm 
and  right  side  and  lung  from  a  pike. 


52      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

November  8th,  the  British  vessel  Trent  having  been 
stopped,  Confederate  Commissioners  Mason  and  Slidell  were 
taken  off  by  D.  McN.  Fairfax,  Virginia,  who  tried  to  do 
it  in  the  least  exasperating  manner.  He  first  went  on  the 
Trent  alone.  Mason  was  recognized  and  the  crew  from 
the  boat  which  had  brought  Fairfax  was  then  ordered 
aboard. 

November  8th  Confederate  Colonel  Williams'  force, 
pressed  by  Nelson,  retired  through  Pound  Gap. 

The  Army  of  the  West,  under  Hunter,  began  to  fall 
back  from  Springfield  November  8th.  Hunter's  command 
of  the  Department  of  the  West  terminated  the  next  day. 

The  Department  of  New  Mexico  was  reestablished  No 
vember  9th,  and  E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Kentucky,  was  placed 
in  command  thereof.  He  had  earthworks  thrown  up  at 
Fort  Craig,  and  had  Fort  Union  converted  into  a  field- 
work,  with  bomb-proof  quarters.  J.  C.  McFerran,  Ken 
tucky,  built  the  depot  and  post  at  Fort  Union  1861—62. 

November  12th  President  Lincoln  ordered  that  a  naval 
expedition  should  be  fitted  out  for  the  capture  of  New 
Orleans. 

November  15th  Mitchel  relinquished  command  of  the 
Department  of  Ohio,  embracing  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana, 
Kentucky  east  of  the  Cumberland  River  and  Tennessee. 

November  16th  McCulloch,  learning  of  the  retirement 
of  the  Army  of  the  West  to  the  railroad  termini,  Rolla  and 
Sedalia,  started  against  it.  Finding  it  had  too  much  start, 
he  returned  to  northwestern  Arkansas.  Price,  receiving 
the  information  about  the  same  time  as  McCulloch,  marched 
November  16th  toward  Newtonia  and  then  on  to  Osceola. 

November  18th  the  North  Carolina  Federal  Convention 
elected  a  provisional  governor,  after  declaring  vacant  all 
State  offices.  A  Kentucky  secession  Convention  met  the 
same  day. 

O.  McK.  Mitchel,  Kentucky,  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  Camp  Jenkins,  near  Louisville,  November 
19th. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      53 

David  Hunter,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the 
Department  of  Kansas  from  November  20th,  1861,  to 
March  llth,  1862. 

Fort  McRae,  November  22d.  J.  C.  P.  DeKrafft,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  naval  officer,  fought  this  Fort. 

November  24th  John  Rodgers  took  possession  of  Tybee 
Island. 

November  26th  the  Wheeling  Convention  met  to  frame 
a  constitution  for  the  proposed  State  of  West  Virginia. 
The  people  of  the  counties  named  in  the  ordinance  author 
izing  the  erection  of  the  new  State  who  voted  nearly  all 
voted  in  favor  of  its  creation. 

November  29th  Thomas  was  placed  in  command  of  all 
troops  in  the  eastern  half  of  Kentucky  (from  New  Haven). 
From  November  30th  he  ranked  as  Commander  of  the  first 
division,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  afterward  renamed  "  Army  of 
the  Cumberland." 

November  30th  the  Kentucky  secessionist  Convention 
passed  an  ordinance  of  secession. 

Some  Kentucky  regiments  fought  at  Ivy  Mountain, 
Brownsville  and  Somerset  in  November. 

December  1st  the  Federal  Virginia  Legislature  met  at 
Wheeling. 

December  3d,  Mitchel,  Kentucky,  was  given  command 
of  the  3d  division ;  Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky,  of  the  4th 
division,  and  T.  L.  Crittenden  of  the  5th  division,  Army 
of  the  Ohio.  A  large  portion  of  Mitchel's  division  had 
seen  service  in  western  Virginia  and  under  Nelson  in  eastern 
Kentucky.  Thomas  assumed  command  of  the  first  divi 
sion  on  the  6th. 

December  10th  the  Confederate  Congress  admitted  Ken 
tucky  into  the  Confederacy. 

At  Seabrook  and  Port  Royal  Ferry  December  llth  J.  P. 
Bankhead,  South  Carolina,  commanding  the  Pembina,  was 
engaged.  Federals  got  the  works. 

Gabriel  R.  Paul,  Missouri,  was  in  command  of  Fort 
Union,  N.  M.,  December  13th,  1861,  to  March, 


54      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Percival  Drayton,  South  Carolina,  was  sent  on  a  recon- 
noissance  of  the  North  Edisto  River,  December  16th, 
1861. 

Actions  of  Shawnee  Mound  and  Milford,  Blackwater 
stream,  Missouri,  Dec.  18th.  Pope  surrounded  and  forced 
the  surrender  of  1,300  men.  Pope's  operations  led  to  the 
retirement  of  Price  from  the  Osage  River  toward  Spring 
field.  Pie  captured  a  large  supply  of  provisions  from  the 
Confederate  stock. 

Action  of  Dranesville,  Virginia,  December  20th.  E.  0. 
C.  Ord,  Maryland,  in  command  of  the  troops  engaged, 
repulsed  J.  E.  B.  Stuart  by  bravery  and  merit. 

B.  M.  Prentiss,  Virginia,  commanding  the  District  of 
Northern  Missouri,  was  ordered  to  commence  a  vigorous 
campaign.  He  left  Palmyra,  Mo.,  December  24th. 

George  B.  Balch,  Tennessee,  naval  officer,  volunteered 
for  command  of  the  boats  in  taking  possession  of  Tybee 
Island,  December  26th. 

Jas.  L.  Donaldson,  Maryland,  commanded  the  District 
of  Santa  Fe,  December  26th,  1861,  to  March  9th,  1862. 

Combat  of  Mt.  Zion  Church,  near  Hallsville,  Mo.,  De 
cember  28th.  Prentiss  attacked  the  Confederates  and 
drove  them  from  the  field  after  a  hard  struggle.  The 
result  of  Prentiss'  operations  was  a  dispersal  of  Confed 
erates  north  of  the  Missouri  River  in  Missouri. 

Sacramento,  Ky.,  December  28th.  Some  Federal  Ken 
tucky  regiments  fought  here.  Some  Federal  Kentucky 
regiments  fought  at  Bacon  Creek  and  Rowletts  in  De 
cember. 

By  the  close  of  the  year  the  navy  held  the  important 
approaches  to  the  southern  States  by  water  from  Cape 
Hatteras  to  Florida,  with  the  exception  of  Charleston, 
Savannah  and  Wilmington. 

John  Pope,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  District  of 
Central  Missouri,  December,  1861,  to  February  18th,  1862. 
He  organized  rapidly  an  army  of  about  12,000  men. 

J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  in  organizing 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      55 

Indiana  volunteers  from  January,  1862,  to  November, 
1862. 

W.  R.  Terrill,  Virginia,  was  chief  of  artillery  of  the 
2d  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  in  the  campaigns  from  Jan 
uary  to  June,  1862. 

Seabrook,  and  Port  Royal  Ferry,  January  1st,  1862. 
Bankhead  was  engaged. 

Combat  of  Middle  Creek,  opposite  Prestonburg,  Ky., 
January  10th,  1862.  The  majority  of  the  troops  were 
southern.  Some  Kentucky  regiments  were  engaged.  D. 
W.  Lindsey,  Kentucky,  was  engaged.  The  Confederates, 
under  Marshall,  retreated  precipitately. 

While  the  Federals  had  taken  Hatteras  Inlet,  the  Con 
federates  had  fortified  Roanoke  Island,  commanding  the 
channel  between  Hatteras  Inlet  and  Albemarle  Sound.  L. 
M.  Goldsborough,  District  of  Columbia,  commanding  the 
North  Atlantic  Squadron,  planned  and  executed  an  army 
and  navy  expedition  thereto  sailing  from  Fortress  Monroe 
January  llth  and  arriving  January  13th,  1862. 

T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
6th  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  January  15th,  1862.  He 
displayed  great  energy  in  organizing  it. 

The  Nashville  Campaign.  The  Confederates  occupied 
a  line  in  southern  Kentucky,  with  the  east  around  Somer 
set;  the  center  about  Bowling  Green,  and  the  west  at  Co 
lumbus.  The  Cumberland  and  Tennessee  rivers  extend 
southeast  from  the  Ohio  River  not  far  from  its  mouth, 
and  the  Federal  fleet  gave  the  Federals  possession  of  all 
three  rivers  so  that  they  could  intervene  between  the  Con 
federate  center  and  west.  The  Confederates  had  blocked 
the  way  at  the  Tennessee  line  on  both  rivers  with  forts. 
This  protected  Nashville,  on  the  Cumberland,  the  Capital 
of  Tennessee. 

Combat  of  Mill  Springs,  Logan's  Cross  Roads,  or 
Somerset,  Ky.,  January  19th  and  20th,  1862.  This  was 
the  first  army  conflict  won  by  the  Federals.  It  improved 


56     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

the  morale  of  the  Federal  armies.  In  January,  1862,  Zol- 
licoff er,  Confederate,  began  to  move  further  into  Kentucky. 
George  H.  Thomas,  Virginia,  marched  from  Lebanon,  Ky., 
against  him.  He  advanced  to  attack  the  Confederate  left 
with  his  main  force  while  another  body  should  attack  the 
Confederates  in  front.  Crittenden,  Confederate,  moved 
Zollicoffer  against  Thomas,  hoping  to  defeat  him  while  his 
forces  were  separated.  Thomas  had  placed  detachments 
of  cavalry  and  infantry  to  the  front  to  guard  against  sur 
prise.  Upon  the  advance  of  the  Confederates  S.  S.  Fry, 
Kentucky,  formed  his  men  and  led  them  at  double-quick  in 
the  direction  of  firing  upon  an  infantry  regiment  and 
cavalry.  He  took  position  along  a  fence  in  the  edge  of 
the  woods.  An  open  field  was  in  his  front,  crossed  by  a 
ravine  parallel  to  his  front.  He  was  attacked  hard.  Zol 
licoffer  mistook  a  Federal  regiment  of  Kentuckians  for 
Confederates.  Fry  and  others  shot  at  Zollicoffer,  who  fell 
dead.  Confederates  were  getting  on  the  right  flank  of  the 
4th  Kentucky  infantry  when  Thomas  appeared.  He  hur 
ried  troops  to  the  exposed  flank.  He  placed  men  to  cover 
Fry's  exposed  and  overlapped  right  flank.  He  met  Crit- 
tenden's  advance  with  dispositions  which  told.  An  ad 
vance  of  the  12th  Kentucky  regiment  and  movement  of 
east  Tennesseans  under  Saml.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee,  checked 
the  Confederate  right,  and  it  soon  began  to  give  back. 
The  Confederate  left  flank  was  turned,  a  bayonet  charge 
against  the  Confederate  left  was  successful,  and  the  whole 
line  broke  and  retreated.  Thomas  exposed  himself  during 
the  battle.  The  1st,  4th  and  12th  Kentucky,  2d  east 
Tennessee,  and  four  northern  regiments  were  the  ones  en 
gaged  in  the  combat.  As  the  pursuit  began,  J.  M.  Har- 
lan,  Kentucky,  with  the  10th  Kentucky,  reached  the  field. 
The  Confederates  lost  at  the  river  twelve  guns,  where  they 
were  cannonaded  till  dark.  During  the  night  they  re 
treated  across  the  river.  Much  property  was  captured. 
The  Confederates  lost  392  men.  About  4,000  men  on  each 
side  were  engaged  at  Mill  Springs.  A.  C.  Gillem,  Ten- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      57 

nessee,  and  Durbin  Ward,  Kentucky,  were  among  those  en 
gaged.  This  was  the  only  positive  victory  won  by  the 
Federals  in  Kentucky  during  the  War.  It  forced  back  the 
Confederate  line  thereabouts  and  exposed  Cumberland  Gap. 

For  the  New  Orleans  expedition,  David  G.  Farragut, 
Tennessee,  sailed  January  20th. 

Little  Tybee  River  near  Savannah,  Ga.,  January  26th. 
John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  opened  fire  on  five  Confederate 
vessels,  which  were  driven  back. 

Some  Federal  Kentucky  regiments  fought  at  Paintsville 
and  Pound  Gap  in  January. 

A.  C.  Gillem,  Tennessee,  was  in  command  of  siege  ar 
tillery  and  Chief  Quartermaster,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  Feb 
ruary  to  June,  1862. 

The  fort  on  the  Tennessee  River  near  the  Tennessee- 
Kentucky  boundary  line  was  Fort  Henry.  The  location 
was  vulnerable  from  the  water.  Possession  of  Fort 
Henry  would  enable  the  Federals  to  invest  Fort  Donelson 
on  the  land  side.  Fort  Donelson  was  the  Cumberland 
River  defense,  a  few  miles  from  Fort  Henry.  The  fall  of 
Fort  Donelson  would  open  the  Cumberland  for  the  fleet  to 
proceed  up  to  Nashville,  and  dictate  the  retirement  of  the 
Confederate  army  from  Bowling  Green  through  Nashville, 
giving  up  Nashville. 

Navy  and  army  advance  on  Fort  Henry  from  Cairo, 
111.,  February  2d.  Seven  gunboats  with  transports  con 
taining  17,000  soldiers  started.  Upon  this  movement 
against  Fort  Henry,  A.  S.  Johnston  retired  toward  Nash 
ville. 

Bombardment  and  capture  of  Fort  Henry,  Tenn.,  Feb 
ruary  6th,  1862.  J.  A.  McClernand,  Kentucky,  assisted 
in  planning  the  expedition.  Of  the  four  iron-clads  there 
Henry  Walke,  Virginia,  commanded  the  Carondelet,  and 
R.  N.  Stembel,  Maryland,  the  flag-ship,  Cincinnati,  which 
fired  the  first  shot.  W.  D.  Porter,  Louisiana,  had  trans 
formed  the  Essex  into  a  gunboat,  with  the  same  name.  He 
rendered  efficient  aid  in  the  battle.  The  Essex  was  the 


58      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

target  of  the  Confederates,  but  dismounted  five  of  their 
guns.  The  boiler  of  the  Essex  was  struck,  and  Porter  was 
severely  scalded.  McClernand  moved  to  surround  the  fort, 
causing  the  troops  to  leave  it  to  escape.  The  vessels  re 
duced  the  fort.  Stembel  received  its  surrender.  Walke 
took  charge  of  the  fort,  and  held  it  until  the  troops  ar 
rived. 

Vessels  went  on  up  the  Tennessee  River  to  Florence, 
Ala.,  before  the  13th.  They  captured  a  steamer  which 
was  afterward  converted  into  a  gunboat  and  ram,  seized  two 
more  steamers  and  burnt  six. 

Roanoke  Island,  February  7th.  In  this  expedition 
there  were  perils  by  land  and  water.  The  fleet  brought 
17,000  troops.  L.  M.  Goldsborough,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  commanding  the  naval  forces,  bombarded  on  the  7th. 
The  Confederate  fleet  of  seven  vessels  was  also  engaged. 
The  Confederates  lost  the  Curfew.  The  other  Confed 
erate  vessels,  short  of  ammunition,  left  that  night.  A  lit 
tle  after  4  p.  M.  Federal  troops  began  to  land  south  of 
Fort  Bartow  to  attack,  one  of  the  brigades  being  J.  L. 
Reno's.  Goldsborough  landed  troops. 

Roanoke  Island,  February  8th.  The  navy  protected  the 
landing  of  troops.  Jesse  L.  Reno,  Virginia,  led  the  left. 
He  penetrated  a  difficult  morass  and  succeeded  in  deliv 
ering  his  fire  from  an  unexpected  direction  upon  Confed 
erates  inside  their  work.  He  gained  the  right  flank,  the 
other  flank  was  turned,  the  attack  was  continued  along  the 
front,  and  the  work  was  carried  by  a  simultaneous  assault. 
The  fleet  reduced  forts.  The  Confederates  were  pursued 
by  Reno's  and  another  brigade,  and  surrendered  near  the 
northern  end  of  the  Island.  The  fleet  passed  obstructions. 

The  Federals  marched  against  Price  at  Springfield  Feb 
ruary  9th. 

The  capture  of  the  forts  and  Roanoke  Island  was  fol 
lowed  up  February  10th.  In  the  engagements  at  Roanoke 
Island  Henry  K.  Davenport,  Georgia,  commanded  the 
steamer  Hetzel  and  five  gunboats,  composing  one  of  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      59 

three'  naval  divisions.  C.  W.  Flusser,  Maryland,  com 
manded  the  Commodore  Perry.  2,650  prisoners  and  five 
forts  were  taken.  The  capture  of  Roanoke  Island  ex 
posed  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth  to  attack  from  the  rear. 

Cobb's  Point  or  Elizabeth  City,  N.  C.,  February  10th. 
Goldsborough's  vessels  followed  the  Confederate  fleet  into 
the  Pasquotank  River,  engaged  it  and  captured  or  de 
stroyed  five  out  of  the  six  vessels.  Flusser  sunk  the  Con 
federate  flag-ship  Sedbird.  H.  K.  Davenport  was  en 
gaged.  The  vessels  went  up  to  Elizabeth  City  and  took 
possession  of  it. 

Troops  took  possession  of  Fort  Henry,  February  10th. 
The  men  under  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Kentucky,  were  the 
first  to  enter.  I.  N.  Haynie,  Tennessee,  was  present. 

The  army  marched  from  Fort  Henry  against  the  rear 
of  Fort  Donelson,  and  vessels  moved  down  the  Tennessee 
River,  and,  later,  up  the  Cumberland.  The  Carondelet, 
under  Henry  Walke,  Virginia,  preceded  the  others  and 
fired  a  few  shells  into  the  Fort  February  12th. 

Fort  Donelson,  February  13th.  Walke,  commanding 
the  Carondelet,  took  position  and  threw  shells  into  the 
Fort  as  a  diversion  for  the  army,  moving  to  invest  it.  He 
engaged  the  water  batteries.  J.  A.  McClernand,  Ken 
tucky,  made  an  unsuccessful  assault  on  the  outworks  with 
three  regiments. 

Federals  entered  Springfield,  Mo.,  February  13th. 
Price  retreated,  with  Federals  harassing  his  rear. 

Naval  battle  against  Fort  Donelson,  February  14th.  On 
the  A.  M.  of  the  14th  the  investment  of  Fort  Donelson  had 
been  completed.  The  Carondelet  for  two  days  had  main 
tained  a  fire  beyond  the  Confederate  range.  On  the  14th, 
the  other  vessels  having  arrived,  the  fleet  attacked  the  Fort. 
Walke  held  his  position  in  the  front  line  of  battle.  The 
fire  was  sometimes  concentrated  on  the  Carondelet.  Two 
of  the  four  vessels  were  struck  so  as  to  render  them  un 
manageable  and  cause  them  to  float  down  the  river.  The 
other  two  covered  them  and  the  battle  ended.  The  Caron- 


60      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

delet  was  the  first  in  and  the  last  out,  and  was  badly 
damaged,  many  shots  striking  her. 

Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  was  abandoned  by  Confederates, 
February  14th.  O.  M.  Mitchel,  Kentucky,  hurried  the 
retirement  of  A.  S.  Johnston's  rear-guard  from  Bowling 
Green. 

Battle  of  Fort  Donelson,  February  15th.  The  Con 
federates  attacked  McClernand's  division,  comprising  the 
right  wing,  early.  McClernand  fought  the  defensive  battle 
of  the  army  this  day.  R.  J.  Oglesby,  Kentucky,  on  Mc 
Clernand's  extreme  right,  was  first  to  receive  the  Confeder 
ate  attack.  He  was  fairly  formed  to  receive  it,  despite 
the  sudden  assault.  He  held  his  ground  then,  but  later 
was  forced  to  retreat.  The  right  was  doubled  on  the  cen 
ter.  The  center  and  right  were  forced  around  behind  the 
left.  A  brigade  of  T.  L.  Crittenden's  division,  sent  from 
the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  maintained  its  position  after  all  the 
troops  on  its  right  and  left  had  fallen  back.  It  was  then 
ordered  to  withdraw  and  occupy  the  slope  of  a  hill  to  the 
rear.  It  twice  repulsed  its  antagonists  there  in  heavy 
fighting,  then  was  forced  back  to  a  new  line.  The  Con 
federates  advanced  until  they  came  within  the  range  of 
the  gunboats  below  the  Fort.  McClernand  sustained  the 
battle  from  early  A.  M.  until  3  p.  M.,  by  his  own  conceptions. 
The  Confederates  moved  to  hold  again  their  position  within 
the  fortifications,  but  before  the  movement  was  com 
pleted  the  Federal  attack  fell  on  a  favorable  place  on  the 
Confederate  right.  J.  G.  Lauman,  Maryland,  took  the 
breastworks  by  storm,  encountering  an  abatis  on  the  way. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  to  enter.  The  lodgment  resulted 
in  the  surrender  of  the  Fort  and  over  10,000  men  the 
next  morning.  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Kentucky,  fought 
bravely  and  J.  M.  Shackelford,  Kentucky,  A.  L.  Chetlain, 
Missouri,  M.  F.  Force,  District  of  Columbia  and  I.  N. 
Haynie,  Tennessee,  were  engaged.  D.  Hunter,  District  of 
Columbia,  commanding  the  Department  of  Kansas,  con- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      61 

tributed  to  the  fall  of  Fort  Donelson  by  sending  reenforce- 
ments  promptly.  Nelson,  with  the  4th  division  of  the 
Army  of  the  Ohio,  had  been  embarked  to  aid  in  the  fight 
at  Fort  Donelson,  but  did  not  reach  there  in  time  for  the 
battle.  The  river  being  opened,  gunboats  moved  up  to 
Nashville,  accompanied  with  an  army  force,  and  took 
position. 

In  an  action  at  Sugar  Creek,  Ark.,  February  17th,  the 
Confederates  were  worsted. 

Federal  cavalry  occupied  Bentonville,  Ark.,  February 
18th.  Mclntosh  and  Price  were  united.  Federals,  instead 
of  a  front  attack,  moved  from  Sugar  Creek  to  Osage 
Springs  —  a  flank  movement  which  caused  the  evacuation 
of  the  Confederates'  strong  position  at  Cross  Hollows. 

Valverde,  Fort  Craig,  N.  M.,  February  gist.  Con 
federates  had  invaded  New  Mexico.  E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Ken 
tucky,  was  in  command  of  the  Department  of  New  Mexico. 
Part  of  his  troops  were  southern  —  some  from  New  Mexico. 
The  Confederates  took  a  battery  on  the  Federal  left  and 
won  the  field,  but  Canby  fought  with  merit.  Jas.  L. 
Donaldson,  Maryland,  was  engaged,  saving  trains  indis 
pensable  to  the  security  of  New  Mexico. 

Federals  occupied  Fayetteville,  Ark.,  February  23rd, 
1862.  The  Confederates  retreated  into  the  Boston  Moun 
tains. 

Federals  reached  Nashville  February  23rd. 

February  24th  Thos.  T.  Craven,  District  of  Columbia, 
commanding  the  Brooklyn,  captured  the  steamer  Mag 
nolia,  a  blockade  runner. 

O.  McK.  Mitchel,  3d  division,  with  engines  and  cars 
captured  at  Bowling  Green  upon  A.  S.  Johnston's  with 
drawal  south,  reached  Edgefield,  across  the  river  from 
Nashville,  February  24th.  Nelson,  with  the  4th  division, 
reached  Nashville  by  water  25th.  Nashville  surrendered 
26th. 

Farragut  sailed  from  Fortress  Monroe  February  25th, 


62      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

against  New  Orleans,  his  fleet  convoying  an  army.  The 
rendezvous  was  Key  West.  He  assumed  command  of  the 
West  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron. 

T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  6th 
division,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  in  the  Tennessee  and  Missis 
sippi  campaign,  February  25th  to  June  26th. 

Gabriel  R.  Paul,  Missouri,  was  in  command  of  the 
Southern  Military  District  of  New  Mexico,  March  to  Sep 
tember,  1862. 

Thomas'  division  had  been  sent  to  Louisville.  There 
it  took  boats  for  Nashville,  debarking  there  March  2d  to 
4th.  The  2d  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  reached  Nash 
ville  March  3d. 

Capture  of  Fort  Clinch  and  Fernandina,  Fla.,  March 
J2d.  Percival  Drayton,  South  Carolina,  pushed  through 
the  Sound  and  entered  the  harbor,  and  took  possession  of 
Fort  Clinch,  the  first  United  States  fort  retaken.  Bruns 
wick,  Ga.,  and  its  harbor,  were  taken  the  same  day.  John 
R.  Goldsborough,  District  of  Columbia,  and  J.  P.  Bank- 
head,  South  Carolina,  were  engaged. 

Campaign  to  open  the  Mississippi  River  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio  to  Vicksburg,  army  and  navy  cooperating. 
John  Pope,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  Army  of  the 
Mississippi.  The  Confederate  army  retreated  south  from 
Nashville,  exposing  Polk's  forces  at  Columbus,  Ky.,  to 
capture.  Upon  Pope's  advance,  he  evacuated  Columbus 
March  3d.  Pope  appeared  before  New  Madrid  March 
3d,  investing  it.  He  was  south  of  Columbus,  and,  by 
crossing  the  Mississippi  River,  would  have  been  in  Polk's 
rear. 

Andrew  Johnson,  North  Carolina,  was  appointed  mili 
tary  governor  of  Tennessee,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier 
general,  his  term  beginning  at  Nashville,  March  4th.  As 
such  he  raised  25  regiments  for  service  in  Tennessee. 

The  A.  M.  of  March  4th  the  Confederate  army  marched 
against  the  Federal  army  in  northwestern  Arkansas,  hop 
ing  to  cut  off  at  Bentonville  two  divisions  south  of  there. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      63 

It  arrived  at  Fayetteville  with  Price  in  advance.  Arkan 
sas  citizens  rode  to  the  Federal  camp  at  Cross  Hollows  and 
informed  the  Federal  commands  of  the  approach  of  the 
Confederate  army. 

Wm.  Vandever,  Maryland,  reached  Hunts ville,  Ark., 
March  5th,  and  learned  of  the  Confederate  advance  and  of 
Van  Dorn's  arrival  and  assumption  of  command. 

T.  J.  Wood's  division  reached  Nashville  March  6th. 

Battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  or  Elkhorn  Tavern,  Ark.,  March 
6th  to  8th,  1862.  March  6th  the  Federals  took  position 
at  Sugar  Creek,  facing  south.  Strenuous  efforts  were 
made  to  bring  together  the  scattered  commands.  On  the 
march  the  rear-guard  was  struck  at  Bentonville,  and  the 
troops,  mostly  Missourians,  extricated  themselves  with  dif 
ficulty,  fighting  all  along  the  way  until  reinforcements 
from  Sugar  Creek  met  them.  Vandever's  command  from 
Huntsville,  having  made  a  forced  march  of  forty  miles, 
arrived  at  nightfall.  Van  Dorn's  army  came  near  the 
Federal  line  at  Sugar  Creek  that  day.  He  moved  at  8 
p.  M.,  and  marched  around  to  the  rear  of  the  Federal  army 
during  the  night. 

Pea  Ridge,  March  7th.  The  Confederate  line  of  battle 
faced  south  in  the  rear  of  the  Federal  position.  The 
Federals,  apprised,  changed  front.  The  Confederates  had 
hoped  to  get  in  position  by  day,  but  felled  trees  obstructed 
their  march.  In  the  early  fighting,  Vandever's  brigade 
was  ordered  up  as  a  reinforcement  on  the  Federal  right. 
He  marched  from  near  Sugar  Creek  to  Elkhorn  Tavern, 
about  a  mile  and  a  half,  quickly,  and  formed.  Soon  his 
whole  line  became  hotly  engaged.  Price,  from  the  north, 
was  fighting  the  Federal  right,  while  McCulloch,  under  Van 
Dorn,  was  fighting  the  Federal  left  from  the  west.  Van 
dever  was  on  the  center  and  left  of  the  part  resisting  Price. 
After  successful  battery  work  Price's  men  moved  forward 
spiritedly.  When  within  easy  range,  Vandever  poured  a 
destructive  fire  into  their  ranks.  They  recoiled  and  fell 
back.  Vandever  immediately  advanced  his  brigade,  driv- 


64.      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ing  the  Confederates  until  they  fell  back  on  their  reserves. 
He  then  retired  to  his  former  position. 

After  2  p.  M.  the  Confederates  advanced  against  the  left 
wing  there  under  Vandever.  Vandever  ordered  forward  his 
infantry,  and  a  fierce  conflict  ensued.  The  Confederate 
advance  was  finally  stopped,  and  they  were  followed  by 
Vandever  to  the  protection  of  their  batteries,  when  he  re 
tired  and  formed  his  line  just  in  front  of  Elkhorn  Tavern, 
leaving  the  Confederates  in  possession  of  the  former  Fed 
eral  position.  Another  attack  was  made  with  additional 
troops  against  the  left  there  under  Vandever,  but  the 
Federals  were  not  dislodged  from  their  position  in  the  edge 
of  the  wood.  Price  had  forced  his  opponents  back  a 
quarter  of  a  mile.  David  Shunk,  Maryland,  reenforced 
them. 

Between  three  and  four  p.  M.  Price  renewed  the  battle 
with  a  heavy  fire,  which  was  the  signal  for  a  general  ad 
vance  of  his  force.  The  battle  raged  with  fury.  A  great 
artillery  fire  was  concentrated  against  the  Federal  position 
about  Elkhorn  Tavern,  after  a  flanking  movement  to  the 
Federal  right.  The  Confederate  infantry  advanced  to 
the  assault  in  heavy  masses.  A  gap  had  been  left  near 
Vandever,  and,  before  he  could  close  it,  the  Confederates 
were  upon  him.  In  a  desperate  struggle,  Vandever's  bri 
gade  was  forced  by  numbers  to  retreat.  It  rallied  behind 
a  rail  fence  in  the  edge  of  the  timber.  Other  troops  gave 
way.  Price  again  forced  the  right  back.  It  had  now  been 
pressed  back  a  mile.  Reinforcements  were  brought  up 
late  in  the  evening  from  the  Federal  left  wing,  and  arrived 
where  Vandever's  men  were  retiring  from  their  last  stand 
hard  pressed,  which  stayed  Price's  victorious  advance. 
Price  was  afterward  pushed  back.  Vandever  this  day  had 
withstood  repeated  onslaughts  with  great  tenacity,  yielding 
only  step  by  step,  when  exhausted  by  losses  and  without 
ammunition. 

Van  Dorn  and  McCulloch  at  first  had  the  advantage  on 
the  Federal  left.  It  was  hard  pressed  by  McCulloch's 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      65 

corps  until  about  4  p.  M.  McCulloch  and  Mclntosh  were 
killed.  The  Confederates  yielded  there  and  disappeared 
from  the  front,  and  it  was  therefore  possible  to  reenforce 
the  right,  losing  against  Price.  By  night  McCulloch's 
troops  had  been  rallied  and  bivouacked  north  of  the  battle 
field.  They  marched  at  1 :30  A.  M.  to  join  Price  and  took 
position  on  his  right.  During  the  night  the  Federal  army 
was  placed  in  a  new  line  a  little  farther  back. 

Pea  Ridge,  March  8th.  The  Federal  army  was  united. 
Vandever's  brigade  was  soon  obliged  to  change  position  to 
avoid  a  raking  fire  from  Confederate  batteries.  After  the 
batteries  had  been  silenced,  a  general  advance  was  ordered. 
The  Confederates  were  driven  from  the  heights  of  Pea 
Ridge  on  their  right.  The  12th  Missouri  regiment  charged 
and  captured  three  guns.  Cavalry  turned  the  right  flank 
of  the  Confederate  army.  Before  a  general  advance  of 
the  center  and  right,  the  Confederates  were  forced  back. 
They  formed  successive  new  lines,  but  lost  the  day.  Di 
viding,  some  retreated  south  on  the  Huntsville  road,  while 
others  retreated  north,  and  some  southwest.  Those  re 
treating  north  turned  later  into  a  road  running  east,  and 
by  it  were  enabled  to  turn  south  and  join  Van  Dorn,  who 
marched  from  Huntsville  to  Van  Buren. 

500  Confederates  were  captured.  The  Federal  army 
was  composed  largely  of  Missourians.  Vandever's  efforts 
contributed  largely  to  the  victory.  He  aided  in  the  defeat 
of  the  Confederates  on  the  8th.  Wm.  P.  Benton,  Mary 
land,  was  conspicuous.  F.  W.  Benteen,  Virginia,  did  good 
service.  Jas.  A.  Williamson,  Kentucky,  was  engaged. 

Attack  of  Virginia  on  Wooden  Fleet  in  Hampton  Roads, 
March  8th.  The  Virginia  had  been  converted  into  an  iron 
clad  from  the  Merrimac,  a  United  States  vessel  which  the 
Federals  had  sunk  when  they  evacuated  Norfolk,  and  the 
Confederates  had  raised  and  which  was  the  first  heavy  iron 
clad  that  ever  fought.  The  Virginia  steamed  down  the 
Elizabeth  River  at  noon.  She  rammed  and  sunk  the  Cum 
berland.  The  Congress  grounded,  and,  after  fighting, 


66      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

capitulated.  Austin  Pendergrast,  Kentucky,  in  command 
of  the  Congress  the  last  of  the  action,  swam  ashore.  Wm. 
Smith,  Kentucky,  was  on  the  Congress.  The  fight  was  off 
Newport  News.  The  St.  Lawrence,  commanded  by  Hugh 
Y.  Purviance,  Maryland,  and  the  Roanoke,  coming  from 
near  Fortress  Monroe,  grounded.  They  got  off  and  sailed 
back.  The  Minnesota  grounded  about  half-way  between 
Fortress  Monroe  and  Newport  News.  The  Congress  was 
set  afire  with  hot  shot,  shore  batteries  preventing  the  Con 
federates  from  taking  possession.  The  Virginia  returned 
to  Sewell's  Point,  ebb  tide  and  approaching  night  prevent 
ing  an  attempt  of  the  middle  channel  to  attack  the  Minne 
sota.  The  Virginia's  ram  was  left  in  the  side  of  the 
Cumberland. 

Battle  between  the  Virginia  and  the  Monitor,  March  9th. 
The  Virginia  came  out  at  6  A.  M.,  fought  the  Monitor  and 
damaged  the  Minnesota.  The  Monitor  got  in  shoal  water. 
S.  Dana  Greene,  Maryland,  executive  officer  of  the  Mon 
itor,  had  charge  of  the  guns  in  the  turret  and  fired  every 
shot  while  he  was  in  the  turret,  which  was  till  near  the 
close  of  the  action.  Soon  after  noon  Greene  assumed  com 
mand  of  the  vessel,  and  had  a  few  shots  fired  at  the  Virginia, 
when  withdrawing. 

The  Confederate  army  in  northern  Virginia  fell  back  to 
ward  the  Rappahannock  River  March  9th.  The  Confed 
erates  had  maintained  a  blockade  of  the  Potomac  River  up 
to  this  time. 

March  10th  Confederates  occupied  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 

March  llth  Fremont  was  assigned  to  command  of  the 
Mountain  Department,  including  western  Virginia,  eastern 
Kentucky  and  east  Tennessee  as  far  as  Knoxville. 

The  Federals  took  St.  Augustine.  Fla.,  March  llth  and 
Jacksonville  12th. 

New  Madrid,  Point  Pleasant,  Mo.,  March  13th.  The 
Confederates  left  New  Madrid  March  14th  and  Pope  occu 
pied  it.  He  directed  an  investigation  for  means  to  convey 
transports  from  above  to  New  Madrid,  so  that,  after 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      67 

marching  his  army  south  on  the  west  side  of  the  Missis 
sippi  River  to  a  point  below  Island  No.  10,  the  transports 
could  ferry  it  across  to  the  east  side,  when  he  would  have 
the  Confederates  at  Island  No.  10  in  a  cul  de  sac.  Island 
No.  10  is  at  the  bottom  of  a  bend  in  the  river.  To  avoid 
exposing  the  transports  to  the  batteries  on  it,  a  canal  was 
cut  across  the  neck  of  the  bend  with  the  navy's  assistance, 
and  the  transports  from  the  north  reached  New  Madrid 
through  it  without  having  to  pass  Island  No.  10.  J.  McA. 
Palmer,  Kentucky,  commanding  a  division,  and  Albert  M. 
Powell,  Maryland,  were  engaged  at  New  Madrid. 

March  13th  it  was  decided  for  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
to  advance  from  Fortress  Monroe  as  a  base  against  Rich 
mond.  R.  E.  Lee  was  charged  that  day  with  the  conduct 
of  all  military  operations  of  the  Confederate  army,  under 
direction  of  President  Davis. 

The  possession  by  the  Federal  vessels  of  the  Tennessee 
River  to  and  below  the  southern  boundary  of  Tennessee 
cleaved  west  Tennessee  as  against  the  Confederates  and  ex 
posed  Tennessee  and  that  part  of  Alabama  north  of  the 
Tennessee  River  to  the  Federal  operations,  constraining 
the  Confederates  to  retire  their  line  south  of  the  Tennessee 
River  in  northern  Mississippi  and  Alabama  along  the 
Memphis  and  Charleston  Railroad,  with  Corinth  as  a  stra 
tegic  point.  Decatur,  where  the  railroad  crossed  the  Ten 
nessee,  is  midway  between  Corinth  and  Chattanooga,  the 
railroad  running  north  of  the  river  from  Decatur  to 
Bridgeport,  not  far  from  Chattanooga.  The  Army  of  the 
Tennessee  was  moved  to  Savannah  and  Pittsburg  Landing 
on  the  Tennessee  River  close  to  the  southern  border  of 
Tennessee.  The  Army  of  the  Ohio  was  started  from  Nash 
ville  in  occupation  of  central  Tennessee  and  to  unite  with 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  around  Savannah,  where  the 
combined  army  would  be  in  position  to  move  on  Corinth, 
or,  with  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  to  surround  and 
capture  the  Confederate  forces  from  Island  No.  10  to 
Memphis.  O.  McK.  Mitchel's  division  was  detached.  He 


68      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

left  Nashville  about  the  middle  of  March  and  advanced  to 
Murfreesboro  directed  against  Huntsville,  Ala.,  and  that 
part  of  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad  north  of  the 
Tennessee  River.  The  7th  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
was  organized  before  departure  of  the  army  from  Nash 
ville. 

The  Army  of  the  Ohio  was  largely  southern  in  its  or 
ganization  and  composition.  The  1st  division  was  com 
manded  by  Geo.  H.  Thomas,  Virginia ;  the  2d,  known  as  a 
Kentucky  division,  had  as  its  original  brigade  commanders 
Rousseau,  Wood  and  R.  W.  Johnson,  all  of  Kentucky ; 
the  3d  was  commanded  by  Mitchel,  Kentucky ;  the  4th  by 
Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky ;  the  5th  by  T.  L.  Crittenden,  Ken 
tucky  ;  the  6th  by  T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  and  the  7th  was 
distinctively  southern. 

Combat  and  capture  of  New  Bern,  N.  C.,  March  14th, — 
combined  land  and  water  attack.  The  vessels  were  from 
L.  M.  Goldsborough's  squadron.  Reno,  Virginia,  broke 
the  Confederate  left.  There  was  a  general  advance  by  the 
Federals,  the  Confederate  center  was  pierced  and  the  field 
was  gained. 

March  15th  Reno  went  over  the  defenses  at  New  Bern, 
then  helped  take  the  works.  The  Federals  occupied  New 
Bern.  The  Confederates  lost  9  forts,  41  heavy  guns,  25 
other  guns,  578  men  and  large  supplies. 

Bombardments  of  Island  No.  10  between  March  16th 
and  April  7th.  Walke,  Virginia,  commanded  the  Caron- 
delet;  Stembel,  Maryland,  Cincinnati;  A.  H.  Kilty, 
Maryland,  Mound  City.  H.  E.  Maynadier,  Virginia,  com 
manded  11  mortar  boats.  N.  B.  Buford,  Kentucky,  com 
manded  an  army  brigade  with  the  flotilla. 

March  17th  the  leading  division  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  embarked  for  the  Peninsula  campaign. 

The  Army  of  the  Ohio  was  delayed  at  Duck  River  by 
high  water.  Nelson  feared  the  troops  at  Pittsburg  Land 
ing  would  be  attacked  before  the  two  armies  would  unite, 
and  obtained  permission  for  his  division  to  ford  the  stream, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      69 

and  it  hurried  on  as  the  head  of  the  army.  His  rapid 
march  through  and  beyond  Wayncsboro  caused  the  rest  of 
the  army  to  keep  in  motion,  but  for  which  it  would  not 
have  reached  Pittsburg  Landing  before  the  battle  was  over. 

Kernstown,  or  Winchester,  Va.,  March  23d.  T.  J. 
Jackson's  attack  was  repulsed  and  he  was  forced  off  the 
field.  A  force  sent  ahead  in  the  morning  was  met  success 
fully  by  S.  S.  Carroll,  Maryland,  and  others.  Wm.  Har 
row,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  at  Kernstown. 

Siege  of  Fort  Macon,  N.  C.,  March  23d  to  April  26th, 
1862. 

Action  of  Apache  Canon  or  of  Glorietta,  March  28th. 
The  Confederates  were  checked.  Canby,  Kentucky,  ad 
vanced  to  Albuquerque,  and  the  Confederates,  having  lost 
their  wagon  train,  retreated  before  him  over  a  difficult 
region,  suffering  privation,  and  finally  moved  into  Texas. 

March  29th  Fremont  assumed  command  of  the  Mountain 
Department.  David  Hunter,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in 
command  of  the  Department  of  the  South  from  March 
31st,  1862,  to  June  3d,  1863. 

N.  B.  Buford,  Kentucky,  captured  Union  City,  Tenn., 
March  31st  by  surprise  after  a  forced  march;  the  Con 
federate  camp  and  a  large  amount  of  supplies  fell  into  his 
hands. 

The  Constitution  for  the  proposed  State  of  West  Vir 
ginia  was  adopted  by  popular  vote  in  April,  1862. 

Appalachicola,  Fla.,  surrendered  to  the  Federals  April 
2d. 

Henry  Walke,  Virginia,  volunteered  to  run  the  gauntlet 
of  the  Confederate  batteries  on  Island  No.  10.  Pope 
needed  a  gunboat  to  protect  the  troops  in  transports  while 
crossing  to  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Walke, 
in  the  Carondelet,  started  from  above  Island  No.  10  the 
night  of  April  3d.  N.  B.  Buford,  Kentucky,  commanding 
the  flotilla  brigade,  furnished  some  sharpshooters  to  go 
with  him.  He  passed  Island  No.  10,  running  the  gauntlet 
of  the  batteries,  and  reached  New  Madrid  safely.  This 


70      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

was  the  first  instance  of  successfully  passing  the  Confed 
erate  batteries,  and  attacking  them  in  the  rear,  on  the 
Mississippi.  It  was  a  highly  important  example  of  what 
could  be  done.  It  broke  the  blockade  of  the  Confederate 
line  of  fortifications  without  the  loss  of  a  man.  It  was  a 
valuable  and  meritorious  achievement. 

Walke  silenced  the  field  guns  at  New  Madrid,  so  that 
the  transports  conveyed  through  the  canal  landed  in  safety. 

April  4th  the  advance  up  the  Virginia  Peninsula  com 
menced.  L.  M.  Goldsborough  sent  seven  gunboats  under 
Wm.  Smith,  Kentucky,  into  the  York  River,  beginning 
April  4th.  Among  those  engaged  in  the  Peninsula  cam 
paign  were  Robt.  C.  Buchanan,  Maryland;  John  C.  Tid- 
ball,  Virginia;  C.  M.  Prevost,  Maryland;  J.  B.  Mclntosh, 
Florida,  and  D.  H.  Strother,  Virginia. 

The  Federal  army  around  Pea  Ridge  moved  April  5th 
to  meet  a  threatened  raid  of  Van  Dorn  for  the  destruction 
of  Federal  supply  depots  at  Springfield  and  Rolla,  Mo. 
Some  Confederate  forces  returned  to  northwestern  Arkan 
sas.  Price  went  to  Tennessee. 

Mitchel  advanced  from  Murfreesboro  April  5th  on 
Huntsville.  His  operations  drew  Kirby  Smith  from  east 
Tennessee,  and  left  the  way  open  for  the  seizure  of  Cum 
berland  Gap.  Thomas  suggested  the  plan  for  the  occupa 
tion  of  east  Tennessee,  and  seizure  of  the  railroad  connect 
ing  Richmond  with  the  southwest,  executed  by  Mitchel. 

April  5th  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  came  upon  Confed 
erate  positions  at  Yorktown  and  Lee's  Mill,  Va.  The  oper 
ations  before  Yorktown  lasted  from  April  5th  to  May  4th. 

Nelson's  division  reached  Savannah  during  April  5th. 
It  was  ordered  to  move  south  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river. 
Crittenden's  division  encamped  for  the  night  a  few  miles 
back. 

Walke  captured  batteries  below  Island  No.  10  on  the 
6th  with  but  little  assistance.  R.  N.  Stembel,  Maryland, 
assisted  in  the  capture  and  dismantling  of  the  upper  bat 
tery  on  Island  No.  10. 


CHAPTER  III 

SHILOH  —  FORT  PULASKI  —  ADVANCE  UPON  CORINTH  — 
FORTS  JACKSON  AND  ST.  PHILIP  —  CAPTURE  OF  NEW  ORLEANS 

WlLLIAMSBURG  CRAIGHEAo's     BEND  WINCHESTER  

FAIR   OAKS  —  MEMPHIS  —  CROSS   KEYS  —  PORT   REPUBLIC  — 
SEVEN  DAYS'  BATTLES  —  BATON  ROUGE. 

BATTLE  of  Shiloh  or  Pittsburg  Landing,  April  6th  and 
7th,  1862.  A.  S.  Johnston  had  succeeded  in  uniting  armies 
ahead  of  the  Federals,  and  marched  north  to  the  attack. 
One  Federal  division  was  camped  further  south  than  others. 
North  of  it  were  McClernand's,  behind,  and  Prentiss',  to 
the  left  of  McClernand.  Behind  Prentiss  was  the  division 
of  S.  A.  Hurlbut,  South  Carolina,  and  another  division  was 
on  Hurlbut's  right,  behind  McClernand. 

The  vigilance  of  B.  M.  Prentiss,  Virginia,  gave  the  first 
warning  of  the  danger.  He  increased  his  pickets,  and  one 
of  the  guards  went  forward  and  engaged  the  Confederate 
pickets.  He  also  sent  forward  five  Missouri  companies  to 
strengthen  the  picket  guard,  who  opened  fire  upon  the  Con 
federate  skirmishers,  checking  them  for  awhile.  Prentiss 
sent  out  a  brigade  at  3  A.  M.  of  the  6th  to  find  out  what 
was  the  exact  force  of  the  Confederates.  It  was  struck 
first.  But  for  Prentiss'  act,  the  whole  Federal  front  would 
have  been  struck  unawares.  His  men  were  fighting  in 
front  of  the  southernmost  division.  That  division,  sur 
prised,  was  forced  to  yield  its  position.  Prentiss'  division 
moved  forward.  McClernand  rapidly  got  under  arms. 
He  sent  three  regiments  to  the  support  of  the  left  flank  of 
the  forward  division  before  the  attack  fell  on  him.  Hurl- 
but  also  sent  a  brigade  to  support  its  left.  McClernand's 
division  held  the  right  after  the  forward  division  had  been 
used  up,  and  fought  hard  all  day,  McClernand  showing  in- 

71 


72     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

trepidity.  The  cannonading  was  heard  at  Savannah,  and 
Nelson  was  ordered  to  march  his  division  south  to  Pitts- 
burg  Landing;  i.  e.,  just  across  the  river  from  it. 
Crittenden's  and  the  2nd  division  were  hurried  forward. 
By  noon  a  route  to  the  battlefield  had  been  found  and  a 
guide  obtained.  Nelson  hurried  on.  Prentiss  rallied  a 
considerable  force  on  a  new  line  at  9  o'clock.  Hurlbut 
advanced  to  Prentiss'  support,  and  Prentiss  held  his  po 
sition  until  his  right  was  flanked.  He  was  forced  back  and 
rallied  on  a  line  which  Hurlbut  was  helping  form  in  the 
rear.  McClernand  had  been  forced  back.  The  ground 
was  won  and  lost  on  his  line  more  than  once.  He  had  to 
change  the  front  of  half  his  command  to  the  west.  Hurl- 
but,  after  1  p.  M.,  accepted  the  offer  of  the  gunboat  Tay 
lor's  assistance,  and  indicated  the  proper  line  of  fire  for  it. 
Confederate  batteries  were  silenced.  A.  S.  Johnston  fell 
in  Hurlbut's  front.  Beauregard  took  command  about  2 
p.  M.  McClernand  determined  between  2  and  3  o'clock 
to  retire  across  Tillman's  Hollow.  A  new  line  was  formed 
north  of  Hurlbut's  headquarters.  Hurlbut  retired  at  4 
p.  M.,  under  pressure  upon  his  left  flank,  having  withstood 
superior  numbers  five  hours  and  charged  thrice.  This  left 
Prentiss  and  the  division  on  his  right  isolated  and  unsup 
ported.  Prentiss  and  some  of  his  and  the  other  division 
were  enveloped  and  forced  to  surrender.  Their  resistance 
weakened  the  force  of  the  attack  which  McClernand  pres 
ently  sustained  in  his  7th  position  on  the  river  road,  and 
retarded  the  advance  of  the  Confederates  which  occurred 
nearly  three  hours  after  the  retirement  of  the  right  wing 
from  the  west  side  of  Tillman's  Creek.  Gunboats  aided 
greatly  in  checking  the  victorious  Confederates  late  in  the 
day.  Hurlbut  hurriedly  got  into  line  in  rear  of  the  siege 
guns.  A  Confederate  brigade  and  two  of  Chalmers'  regi 
ments  crossed  Dill's  ravine,  and  Confederate  artillery  swept 
the  bluff  at  the  landing.  Before  the  final  attack  Hurlbut 
changed  the  front  of  two  regiments,  or  parts  of  two,  and 
turned  six  pieces  of  artillery  to  bear  upon  the  point  of  ex- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      73 

tremity.  The  Confederates  were  succeeding  in  the  final  as 
sault  and  the  left  flank  was  within  an  eighth  of  a  mile  of 
the  Landing.  For  five  hundred  yards  from  the  Landing 
there  was  not  a  soldier  in  line  or  organized  means  of  de 
fense.  The  reserve  artillery  could  effect  nothing  against 
the  attacking  force  under  shelter  of  Dill's  ravine,  and  the 
fire  of  the  gunboats  was  harmless  there  on  account  of  the 
elevation  necessary  to  clear  the  top  of  the  bluff.  Nelson 
had  hurried  on,  had  reached  the  further  river  bank,  and 
at  5  p.  M.  had  succeeded  in  crossing  the  brigade  of  Jacob 
Ammen,  Virginia.  At  once,  at  the  crisis,  when  Chalmers' 
skirmishers  had  approached  to  within  one  hundred  yards 
of  the  battery  protecting  the  position,  and  gunners  were 
already  abandoning  their  guns,  Ammen,  accompanied  by 
Nelson,  came  into  action.  Ammen  admirably  handled  his 
brigade.  This  was  a  bayonet  charge,  the  Confederates  here 
being  without  cartridges,  and  Ammen's  infantry  supports 
discouraged  it.  The  attack  was  repelled.  The  deliver 
ance  of  the  Federal  army  was  assured  when  the  battery  of 
W.  R.  Terrill,  Virginia,  of  24-pound  howitzers,  which  had 
just  arrived  from  Savannah,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  dashed  up 
to  the  support  of  the  faltering  line,  and,  with  two  other  bat 
teries,  turned  the  Confederate  right.  He  handled  his  bat 
tery  finely.  Ammen  repulsed  a  charge  at  6 :30  p.  M.,  and 
the  day's  battle  ended.  The  remainder  of  Nelson's  division 
crossed  the  river  late  in  the  evening  and  formed  the  left 
flank  next  day.  Gunboats  kept  firing  every  fifteen  minutes 
during  the  night.  At  night  Hurlbut's  left  rested  500 
yards  from  the  river.  The  right  flank  was  about  a  mile 
from  the  river.  The  remnants  of  the  forward  division  re 
maining  on  the  field  had  been  identified  with  McClernand's 
division.  He  had  occupied  eight  successive  positions  dur 
ing  the  day.  Hurlbut's  division  retained  its  organization. 
The  mortality  in  it  was  greater  than  that  of  any  other 
division.  There  were  quite  a  number  of  Federal  Mis- 
sourians  who  fought  with  great  spirit  on  the  extreme  right. 
The  gunboats,  Nelson's  troops  and  Hurlbut's  persistence 


74       FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

were  prominent  in  the  saving  of  the  army.  The  &d 
division  reached  Savannah  late  in  the  evening  and  was  hur 
ried  forward  in  boats.  Crittenden's  division  reached  the 
field  during  the  night  on  transports  from  Savannah. 

Shiloh,  April  7th.  These  two  divisions  were  on  the 
ground  early  on  the  7th,  on  which  day  the  Army  of  the 
Ohio  formed  the  left  wing.  At  5  A.  M.  Nelson's  division, 
was  formed  and  moved  forward,  leading  the  advance.  The 
battle  this  day  started  in  his  front.  He  was  checked,  and, 
not  having  artillery,  was  forced  slowly  back.  Artillery 
supplied  from  T.  L.  Crittenden's  division  was  efficacious  in 
stopping  the  Confederate  advance.  Crittenden  commanded 
the  left  wing  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio.  The  tide  of  bat 
tle  flowed  to  and  fro  on  Nelson's  and  Crittenden's  strug 
gling  fronts.  The  Confederates  attempted  to  turn  the 
left,  held  by  Ammen's  brigade.  After  hard  fighting,  it  be 
gan  to  give  ground.  The  left  flank  was  then  endangered, 
but  disaster  was  averted  by  the  regular  battery  of  W.  R. 
Terrill.  A  further  strong  attempt  was  made  to  turn  the 
flank,  but  Crittenden's  and  other  troops  reenforced  Nelson. 
Then  a  flank  attack  by  Nelson  and  a  front  attack  by  Crit 
tenden,  aided  by  Terrill's  and  other  batteries,  forced  the 
Confederates  back.  Crittenden  was  conspicuous.  L.  H. 
Rousseau,  Kentucky,  took  an  advanced  position  early  in  the 
day,  repulsed  a  charge,  gave  a  counter-stroke,  drove  the  op 
posing  force  and  captured  a  battery,  and  swept  everything 
before  him.  He  handled  his  brigade  well.  It  had  hard 
fighting  and  finally,  with  Hurlbut,  aided  in  driving  the  Con 
federates  beyond  the  southernmost  Federal  camp  location 
of  the  day  before.  Rousseau  was  steady  and  retook  Mc- 
Clernand's  headquarters.  Confederate  guns  on  a  new  line 
in  the  rear  were  captured  by  Crittenden.  Nelson  advanced 
over  ground  lost  the  day  before.  Beauregard,  fearing  that 
his  line  might  break  under  further  attacks,  selected  a  new 
position  in  the  rear  and  retired,  beginning  at  2 :30  p.  M. 
McClernand  fought  valiantly  the  7th.  S.  G.  Burbridge, 
Kentucky,  was  conspicuous  E.  H.  Hobson,  Kentucky, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     75 

fought  with  skill.  T.  J.  Wood's  division  reached  the  field 
during  the  day  and  he  was  engaged.  J.  G.  Lauman,  Mary 
land,  commanded  one  of  Hurlbut's  brigades.  R.  W.  John 
son,  Kentucky ;  M.  F.  Force,  District  of  Columbia ;  Alvan 
C.  Gillem,  Tennessee ;  A.  L.  Chetlain,  Missouri ;  I.  N.  Hay- 
nie,  Tennessee;  Jas.  S.  Jackson,  Kentucky;  W.  C.  Whit- 
taker,  Kentucky;  J.  T.  Boyle,  Kentucky;  Durbin  Ward, 
Kentucky;  S.  D.  Bruce,  Kentucky,  and  T.  T.  Crittenden, 
Alabama,  were  engaged.  14  Kentucky  regiments  were  in 
the  two  days'  battle. 

Confederate  Kentucky  Gov.  Johnson  was  killed  at 
Shiloh.  Hawes  succeeded. 

Walke  captured  remaining  batteries  below  Island  No. 
10  on  the  7th  with  some  assistance.  That  day  the  gar 
rison  of  Island  No.  10  surrendered  and  the  Island  was 
abandoned.  N.  B.  Buford,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  at 
Island  No.  10,  and  afterward  commanded  its  garrison.  J. 
McA.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  commanding  a  division,  and 
Albert  M.  Powell,  Maryland,  were  engaged  there.  After 
the  surrender  Walke  silenced  the  heaviest  battery  near 
there  on  the  Mississippi  below.  In  the  operations  against 
Island  No.  10  and  other  Confederate  forts  around  Henry 
E.  Maynadier,  Virginia,  commanded  the  mortar  flotilla; 
A.  H.  Kilty  commanded  the  Mound  City,  and  R.  N.  Stem- 
bel,  Maryland,  was  engaged. 

Pope,  having  crossed  to  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi, 
advanced  and  overtook  and  captured  most  of  the  Confed 
erates,  at  and  near  Tiptonville,  April  8th.  His  operations 
were  able  and  valuable,  resulting  in  the  capture  of  3  gen 
erals,  over  5,000  men,  123  cannon,  and  mortars,  7,000 
small  arms,  four  steamboats,  and  quantities  of  military  sup 
plies,  without  the  loss  of  a  man. 

After  the  capture  of  Island  No.  10,  Pope,  with  20,000 
men  in  transports,  protected  by  gunboats,  moved  down  to 
Fort  Pillow.  He  was  withdrawn  thence  to  the  united 
armies  advancing  upon  Corinth. 

Fort  Pulaski,   Ga.,  April   10th   and   llth.     The  Fort 


76     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

guarded  the  approach  to  Savannah,  Ga.  April  10th  D. 
Hunter,  District  of  Columbia,  commanding  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  South,  summoned  the  Fort  to  surrender.  He 
attacked  that  day  and  the  next,  the  navy  supporting  the 
troops  with  bombardment.  The  Confederate  flag  was 
hauled  down  at  2  p.  M  the  12th.  The  success  closed  the 
Savannah  River  to  blockaders.  Naval  officer  Aaron  W. 
Weaver,  District  of  Columbia,  was  among  those  engaged. 

O.  McK.  Mitchel,  Kentucky,  marched  from  Fayetteville, 
Tenn.,  with  about  8,000  men,  April  10th.  He  reached 
Huntsville,  on  the  Memphis  and  Charleston  Railroad,  next 
day,  capturing  about  200  prisoners,  15  locomotives,  much 
rolling  stock  and  other  property.  He  seized  and  held  the 
railroad  and  sent  expeditions  each  way  on  it.  The  one 
sent  east  captured  five  more  locomotives,  seized  Stevenson 
and  attacked  Bridgeport,  Ala.  Later,  a  force  sent  by  him 
advanced  to  the  river  opposite  Chattanooga,  and  fired  upon 
the  trenches  and  town  with  field  artillery.  A  brigade  sent 
west  crossed  the  Tennessee  River,  and  went  to  Tuscumbia, 
Ala.  A  force  went  to  Russellville,  Ala.,  some  distance 
south  of  Tuscumbia.  Within  a  few  days  he  had  taken  120 
miles  of  railroad.  His  operations  drew  Kirby  Smith  from 
east  Tennessee,  and  left  the  way  open  for  the  seizure  of 
Cumberland  Gap.  The  Confederate  plan  of  campaign  was 
deranged  by  his  expedition  against  Chattanooga. 

Advance  upon  Corinth.  The  Army  of  the  Mississippi 
was  united  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  and  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee.  The  combination  was  organized  as  right 
wing,  center,  left  wing,  reserves  and  cavalry.  Thomas  was 
given  command  of  the  right  wing,  or  Army  of  the  Ten 
nessee;  Pope,  with  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  of  the 
left  wing,  and  McClernand  of  reserves,  in  the  advance  on 
Corinth.  The  Army  of  the  Ohio  mostly  was  in  the  center. 

At  Yorktown,  Va.,  April  llth,  Wm.  P.  Sanders,  Ken 
tucky,  was  engaged. 

The  organization  of  the  Missouri  militia  created  by  Gov. 
Gamble  was  completed  about  the  middle  of  April,  1862, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     77 

when  the  number  was  13,800,  but  the  men  had  seen  service 
along  with  the  United  States  volunteers  before.  The  force 
was  afterward  limited  to  10,000  by  Congress. 

Action  of  Pcralta,  N.  M.,  April  15th.  Gabriel  R.  Paul, 
Mo.,  and  J.  C.  McFerran,  Kentucky,  were  engaged.  E. 
R.  S.  Canby,  Kentucky,  caused  Confederate  forces  to  leave 
New  Mexico.  He  defended  New  Mexico  from  Sibley's 
formidable  inroad. 

David  G.  Farragut,  Tennessee,  bombarded  Forts  Jack 
son  and  St.  Philip,  defending  New  Orleans  on  the  river 
below,  April  16th  to  24th,  1862.  Bombardment  of  April 
18th  commenced  in  the  morning.  Farragut  first  sent 
Henry  H.  Bell,  North  Carolina,  up  the  Mississippi  River 
with  the  steamers  Kennebec  and  Wissahickon  to  ascertain 
what  preparations  had  been  made  by  the  Confederates  to 
prevent  the  passage  of  the  forts.  He  reported  accord 
ingly. 

Walter  W.  Queen,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the 
second  of  the  three  divisions  of  the  mortar  flotilla  —  seven 
vessels  —  doing  good  work.  The  fire  becoming  hot,  John 
Guest,  Missouri,  was  sent  with  the  Octorara  to  the  head  of 
the  line  to  open  fire  on  the  forts  with  his  11-inch  pivot. 
Queen's  division  suffered  considerably.  Fort  Jackson's 
citadel  took  fire  that  evening.  The  mortar  bombardment 
continued  until  the  morning  of  April  24th. 

Action  of  South  Mills  or  Camden,  N.  C.,  April  19th. 
The  expedition  started  April  18th,  Reno,  Virginia,  in  com 
mand.  It  was  hoped  to  convey  the  idea  that  the  entire 
Federal  army  was  marching  upon  Norfolk  from  the  rear. 
Reno  went  in  transports  up  the  Pasquotank  to  within  three 
miles  of  Elizabeth  City,  N.  C.  A  part  of  his  force  pushed 
forward  to  surprise  the  Confederates,  but  they  had  been 
warned,  his  guide  misleading  him,  and  attacked  the  de 
tachment.  Reno,  with  his  main  force,  got  into  action.  He 
flanked  the  Confederates,  causing  their  retirement,  when  a 
gunboat  drove  them  from  the  woods.  The  Confederates 
then  repulsed  an  attack,  but  the  Federals  came  out  in  fair 


78     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

order.  Chas.  W.  Flusser,  Maryland,  naval  officer,  was  en 
gaged.  Reno  was  in  command  of  a  division  in  the  De 
partment  of  North  Carolina,  April  to  August,  1862. 

Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip.  On  the  night  of  April 
20th  two  steamers,  under  the  direction  of  Henry  H.  Bell, 
North  Carolina,  chief  of  staff,  found  a  passage-way  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  where  the  cables 
were  parted.  Hulks  had  been  sunk  connected  by  cables, 
thus  obstructing  the  river.  The  examination  of  the  cables 
was  a  daring  feat. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  commanded  the  Federal  advance  di 
vision  below  the  forts. 

Santa  Fe,  having  been  evacuated  by  the  Confederates, 
was  taken  by  troops  in  Canby's  command  April  21st. 

Battle  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  April  24th,  1862. 
The  passage  was  begun  at  2  A.  M.  Farragut  advanced  in 
three  divisions.  Bell  commanded  the  last.  Chains  were 
slung  over  the  hulls  as  a  protection.  N.  B.  Harrison,  Vir 
ginia,  commanded  the  leading  vessel,  the  Cayuga.  It  re 
ceived  the  fire  of  Fort  St.  Philip,  and  passed  the  forts. 
It  was  then  beset  by  several  large  steamers,  which  dashed 
at  it.  The  Cayuga  fired  on  the  Gov .  Moore  when  thirty 
yards  away.  The  Oneida,  commanded  by  S.  P.  Lee,  Vir 
ginia,  grandson  of  Richard  Henry  Lee,  was  one  of  the 
three  vessels  first  to  pass  the  forts  and  encounter  the  Con 
federate  fleet.  At  one  time  the  Oneida  was  engaged  alone 
with  both  forts.  The  Oneida  went  to  the  Cayuga's  as 
sistance,  raking  the  Gov.  Moore  with  her  starboard  broad 
side  at  the  distance  of  a  few  feet.  The  antagonists  were 
dispersed,  and  three  of  them  destroyed.  The  Cayuga 
dashed  on  up  the  river,  followed  by  the  rest  of  the  division, 
firing  into  everything  they  met.  The  Hartford  was  Farra- 
gut's  flag-ship.  While  passing,  she  was  set  on  fire  by  a  fire 
raft,  grounding  in  the  effort  to  avoid  it,  but  extinguished 
the  flames.  The  Brooklyn,  T.  T.  Craven,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  commanding,  silenced  Fort  St.  Philip  in  passing  it. 
Finding  the  Hartford  hard  aground,  exposed  to  the  fire  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     79 

both  forts,  he  had  kept  alongside  to  divert  the  fire  until 
Farragut  could  get  away.  He  was  cool.  The  Hartford 
was  struck  32  times  in  the  hull  and  rigging,  and  the  Brook 
lyn  was  severely  punished  in  passing  the  forts.  She  fired  a 
broadside  at  the  Louisiana  in  passing.  The  Brooklyn  be 
came  entangled,  and  was  attacked  and  rammed  by  the 
Manassas.  She  was  next  attacked  by  a  large  steamer, 
which  she  used  up,  and  passed  up  the  river.  She  was 
struck  17  times  in  the  hull.  Bell  was  on  the  Sciota,  com 
manded  by  Ed.  Donaldson,  Maryland,  which  set  fire  to  two 
steamboats,  and  destroyed  a  vessel. 

The  Varuna  had  gone  up  the  river,  and  became  engaged 
with  two  vessels.  Lee,  in  the  Oneida,  went  to  her  aid. 
The  two  vessels  rammed  the  Varuna,  and  Lee  drove  the 
two  rams  ashore,  forcing  their  burning,  and  capturing  the 
commander  of  the  Gov.  Moore.  The  Varuna  sank  in  shoal 
water,  and  Lee  went  to  her  relief,  helping  to  rescue  the 
officers  and  men.  On  Farragut's  staff  were  Bell  and  P. 
Drayton,  South  Carolina,  expert  organizers  and  adminis 
trators  of  detail.  E.  T.  Nichols,  Georgia,  commanded  the 
Winona,  and  John  H.  Russell,  Maryland,  commanded  the 
Kennebec.  John  Guest,  Missouri,  commanded  the  Owosco. 
A.  D.  Harrell,  Virginia,  participated  in  the  bombardment. 
Eleven  Confederate  vessels  were  destroyed.  The  passage 
of  the  forts  was  an  achievement  of  the  first  importance. 
The  danger  was  deemed  excessive. 

The  Chalmette  batteries,  about  six  miles  below  New 
Orleans,  were  passed  the  same  day  by  Farragut.  The 
Hartford  and  the  Cayuga,  under  Harrison,  stood  the  first 
brunt  of  the  action,  and  the  guns  were  silenced.  The 
Brooklyn,  T.  T.  Craven  commanding,  fired  at  them.  S.  P. 
Lee  participated  in  their  capture. 

Farragut  occupied  New  Orleans  April  25th.  He  had 
opened  the  lower  Mississippi  and  captured  the  largest  city 
of  the  South,  the  Confederates  losing  it  permanently.  The 
ministers  of  France  had  indicated  recognition  of  the  Con 
federacy  very  soon,  but  abandoned  the  purpose  after  Far- 


80      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ragut  reached  New  Orleans.  The  attitude  of  the  British 
Government  also  had  been  very  disquieting.  There  re 
mained  within  the  area  held  by  the  Confederates  no  city 
larger  than  one  of  about  40,000  population. 

Fort  Macon,  Beaufort  Harbor,  N.  C.,  was  bombarded 
April  25th  by  vessels  of  L.  M.  Goldsborough's  squadron, 
and  surrendered  next  A.  M.  Charles  W.  Flusser,  Mary 
land,  was  engaged. 

Fighting  in  front  of  Yorktown  April  26th. 

Surrender  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  April  28th, 
to  Farragut's  fleet.  John  H.  Russell,  Maryland,  was 
present.  E.  T.  Nichols,  Georgia,  received  the  surren 
der  of  Fort  St.  Philip.  Russell  participated  in  all  the 
operations  of  Farragut's  fleet  in  the  Mississippi  up  to 
Vicksburg. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  went  up  the  Mississippi  with  the  gun 
boats  to  Vicksburg,  in  command.  Craven,  with  seven  ves 
sels,  was  sent  up  the  river  from  New  Orleans. 

Action  near  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  April  29th.  Mitchel  at 
tacked  Bridgeport.  Confronting  the  Confederates  with  a 
portion  of  his  command,  he  made  a  detour  with  the  main 
body,  and  advanced  upon  Bridgeport.  Confederates  were 
surprised,  and  driven  across  the  Tennessee  River,  mainly 
by  artillery.  Later,  he  dispersed  with  artillery  the  other 
portion  of  Kirby  Smith's  force,  coming  up  to  assist  their 
comrades.  He  took  Bridgeport  and  350  prisoners. 

The  Federal  army  conveyed  to  the  Mississippi  by  Far- 
ragut  took  possession  of  New  Orleans  May  1st. 

May  1st,  during  an  attack  made  on  the  left  flank  of  the 
army  on  the  Virginia  Peninsula,  L.  M.  Goldsborough's  ves 
sels  shelled  Confederate  artillery  posted  on  a  hill  to  the 
left  and  forced  it  to  retire. 

Campaign  in  Arkansas.  Federals  moved  from  Elkhorn 
eastward  and  occupied  Batesville,  northeastern  Arkansas, 
May  3d. 

The  Confederate  army  evacuated  the  position  of  York- 
town  and  Lee's  Mill  May  3d  and  4th.  Among  those  en- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      81 

gaged  in  the  siege  operations  against  the  Yorktown  line 
were  W.  H.  Emory,  Maryland;  Wm.  H.  French,  Mary 
land;  G.  W.  Getty,  District  of  Columbia;  P.  St.  George 
Cooke,  Virginia,  commanding  the  cavalry  regulars ;  D.  B. 
Birney,  Alabama,  conspicuous ;  Robt.  C.  Buchanan,  Mary 
land  ;  Horatio  G.  Gibson,  Maryland ;  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia ; 
A.  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia ;  Barton  S.  Alexander, 
Kentucky;  John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  and  B.  F.  Davis, 
Alabama.  W.  P.  McCann,  Kentucky,  commanding  the 
Maratanza,  engaged  the  batteries  there.  Thos.  H.  Patter 
son,  Louisiana,  naval  officer,  was  engaged. 

Cooke  was  in  command  of  advance  guard  in  combat  near 
Williamsburg  4th. 

Troops  were  sent  by  water  up  the  York  River  to  threaten 
the  rear  and  flank  of  J.  E.  Johnston's  army.  On  May  5th 
the  gunboats  were  sent  up  by  Wm.  Smith,  Kentucky,  in 
naval  command  on  the  York  River.  T.  H.  Patterson  in 
the  Chocura  proceeded  to  West  Point. 

Lebanon,  Tenn.,  May  5th.  Confederate  John  H.  Mor 
gan  was  defeated  with  the  loss  of  105  men,  guns  and  horses. 
Green  C.  Smith,  Kentucky,  was  wounded. 

Battle  of  Williamsburg,  Va.,  May  5th.  Johnston  held 
his  line  against  the  attack,  and  retired  from  Williamsburg 
during  the  night.  David  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  showed 
merit.  Cooke,  Emory,  Tidball,  John  W.  Davidson,  Vir 
ginia;  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia;  B.  F.  Davis,  Alabama;  H.  G. 
Gibson,  Maryland ;  and  Wm.  P.  Sanders,  Kentucky,  were 
engaged. 

May  6th  Wm.  Smith,  Kentucky,  escorted  transports  to 
West  Point,  carrying  advance  division,  which  landed  the 
6th. 

Combat  of  West  Point,  Va.,  May  7th,  1862.  B.  S.  Alex 
ander,  Kentucky,  engineer  officer,  landed  the  leading 
division,  which  disembarked  near  West  Point.  John  New 
ton,  Virginia,  commanding  the  brigade  most  heavily  en 
gaged,  was  attacked  soon  after  landing,  but  repulsed  the 
opponents.  He  led  his  command.  Wm.  Smith  sent  the 


82      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Maratanza  into  action,  W.  P.  McCann,  Kentucky,  com 
manding.  He  drove  off  the  Confederate  battery  attack 
ing  the  division.  The  gunboats  did  effectual  work  in  the 
repelling  of  the  attack.  At  the  end  of  the  day  Newton 
occupied  an  advanced  position. 

Baton  Rouge,  La.,  was  captured  by  Farragut  May  7th. 

May  8th  the  Galena  and  her  escorts  under  John  Rodgers, 
Maryland,  started  working  their  way  up  James  River.  L. 
M.  Goldsborough  shelled  Sewell's  Point,  Va.,  north  of  Nor 
folk,  May  8th. 

Combat  of  McDowell,  western  Va.,  May  8th.  While 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  working  up  the  Peninsula 
toward  Richmond,  with  vessels  of  Goldsborough's  squadron 
moving  up  the  river  on  its  right,  a  smaller  army  was  at 
Fredericksburg,  interposed  between  the  Confederates  and 
Washington ;  another  force  was  between  there  and  the 
Valley  of  Virginia ;  a  Federal  army  was  working  south  in 
the  Valley  against  Staunton,  and  Fremont,  who  had  pushed 
eastward  a  large  force  in  western  Virginia,  had  several  com 
mands  scattered  to  the  west  and  northwest  of  Staunton,  in 
the  mountain  area  near  the  boundary  between  Virginia  and 
western  Virginia,  not  far  from  Staunton.  The  Federals 
threatened  a  union  of  these  and  the  Valley  forces  against 
Staunton,  and  a  union  of  all  the  forces  east  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  against  Richmond, —  from  the  north  and  from  the 
east  in  concert.  The  object  for  the  Confederates  was  to 
threaten  Washington,  separate  still  further  these  com 
mands,  preventing  their  union;  clear  the  Valley,  and 
threaten  Maryland  that  way ;  then  to  unite  the  Confederate 
armies  against  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  menacing  Rich 
mond.  T.  J.  Jackson  had  EwelPs  army  replace  his,  and 
disappeared  from  the  Valley.  The  Valley  Federal  army 
moved  north,  it  not  appearing  but  that  its  rear  was  threat 
ened.  Jackson  moved  south,  however,  cut  across  the  Val 
ley  and  joined  Edward  Johnson  against  McDowell.  When 
Jackson  reached  McDowell  he  was  attacked  unsuccessfully, 
and  the  Federals  retreated.  Fremont  responded  to  a  call 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      83 

for  help,  sending  forward  supports.  The  Federals  re 
treated  to  Franklin. 

Farmington,  Miss.,  May  9th.  A  division  of  Pope's  wing 
was  assailed  by  the  Confederates  in  heavy  force.  It  fought 
for  several  hours,  and  then  withdrew  across  Seven  Mile 
Creek  to  Pope's  main  line. 

The  Monitor  attacked  SewelPs  Point  May  9th.  Next 
day  L.  M.  Goldsborough's  vessels  engaged  and  silenced  the 
batteries  there,  passed  up  to  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  occupied  it. 
Hugh  Y.  Purviance,  Maryland,  and  Aaron  W.  Weaver, 
District  of  Columbia,  were  engaged. 

Craighead's  Bend,  near  Fort  Pillow,  Tenn.,  May  10th. 
The  Confederate  fleet  met  the  Federal  fleet.  The  Cincin 
nati,  R.  N.  Stembel,  Maryland,  leading,  hastened  to  the 
aid  of  an  attacked  mortar-boat,  and  was  attacked  by  the 
Confederate  rams.  She  was  followed  by  the  Mound  City, 
A.  H.  Kilty,  Maryland.  H.  Walke,  Virginia,  in  the 
Carondelet  was  the  first  to  come  within  aiding  distance  of 
the  Cincinnati,  and  struck  the  boiler  of  one  of  the  vessels. 
The  Cincinnati  was  rammed  and  sunk.  Stembel  was  se 
verely  wounded,  and  incapacitated  for  further  active  serv 
ice.  The  Mound  City  also  was  rammed  and  sunk.  It  was 
a  heavy  action,  vessels  of  both  fleets  being  damaged  or  de 
stroyed.  John  A.  Winslow,  North  Carolina,  was  present. 
The  Confederate  vessels  retired,  and  the  Carondelet  alone 
remained  in  possession  of  the  battlefield. 

The  fleet  bombarded  Fort  Pillow  until  June  4th. 

The  Virginia  was  blown  up  by  the  Confederates  May 
llth. 

Baton  Rouge,  La.,  was  occupied  May  12th  by  the  Fed 
eral  land  forces. 

Farragut  took  Natchez  May  13th. 

May  13th  an  act  was  passed  by  the  Federal  Legislature 
of  Virginia  giving  consent  to  the  formation  of  the  new 
State  to  be  called  West  Virginia. 

John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  on  his  way  up  the  James 
River  in  May  silenced  the  battery  at  Rock  Wharf  and  in 


84      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

the  Galena  engaged  the  battery  at  Hardin's  Bluff,  while 
wooden  boats  passed  it. 

Fort  Darling,  Drewry's  Bluff,  Va.,  May  15th.  Gun 
boat  attack  by  the  fleet  under  Rodgers.  In  the  Galena  he 
fought  the  Fort  three  hours  and  twenty  minutes.  Two- 
thirds  of  his  crew  were  killed  and  wounded.  S.  Dana 
Greene,  Maryland,  was  engaged.  The  Confederates 
crossed  the  Chickahominy  immediately  after  this,  and  the 
way  was  opened  for  the  Federal  advance  to  within  seven 
miles  of  Richmond. 

May  17th  L.  M.  Goldsborough,  District  of  Columbia,  de 
stroyed  the  two  abandoned  batteries  at  Rock  Wharf  and 
Hardin's  Bluff.  The  same  day  there  was  a  naval  expe 
dition  up  the  Pamunkey  River,  and  Confederate  vessels 
were  burnt.  Thos.  H.  Patterson,  Louisiana,  commanded 
the  leading  gunboat  in  the  expedition  up  the  Pamunkey 
River  to  White  House,  to  open  the  way  and  in  support  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

Movement  on  Corinth.  Thomas'  advance  on  May  17th 
brought  on  a  spirited  combat.  His  troops  drove  the  Con 
federates  across  Bridge  Creek.  Thomas  had  the  Confed 
erate  left  reconnoitered,  and  it  was  driven  back  some  dis 
tance,  and  there  was  a  corresponding  advance  of  his  whole 
Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

May  18th  Wm.  Smith,  Kentucky,  being  senior,  replaced 
Rodgers  in  command  on  the  James  River. 

The  advance  division  of  Farragut's  squadron,  under  S. 
P.  Lee,  Virginia,  summoned  Yicksburg  to  surrender  May 
18th.  The  Vicksburg  batteries  were  passed.  Lee  par 
ticipated  in  both  passages  of  the  Vicksburg  batteries,  the 
Oneida  being  second  in  line  on  each  occasion. 

Front  Royal,  Va.,  May  23d.  The  Massanutton  moun 
tain  range  runs  part  of  the  length  of  the  Shenandoah  Val 
ley,  dividing  the  Valley.  While  the  Federal  army  blocked 
the  western  valley  at  Strasburg,  T.  J.  Jackson  hurried 
north  in  the  narrower  eastern  valley  and  struck  a  small 
force  at  Front  Ro3^al,  Va.,  commanded  by  John  R.  Kenly, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      85 

Maryland.  Kenly's  command  was  dispersed  or  captured, 
but  his  fight  gave  the  army  at  Winchester  some  time  to 
start  north. 

May  23d  and  24th.  The  brigade  of  John  W.  David 
son,  Virginia,  occupied  Mechanicsville  after  a  brief  en 
counter  with  a  column  of  Magruder's  command. 

Near  Newtown  T.  J.  Jackson  struck  the  flank  of  the 
Valley  army,  capturing  supplies,  arms  and  prisoners. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged  in  an  action  at 
New  Bridge,  Va.,  May  24th. 

Battle  of  Winchester,  May  25th.  The  Valley  army  was 
defeated  by  T.  J.  Jackson.  C.  H.  Tompkins,  Virginia,  was 
engaged.  Jackson  threatened  Harper's  Ferry. 

Edward  Stanley,  North  Carolina,  commissioned  by 
President  Lincoln  temporary  governor  of  that  part  of 
North  Carolina  under  Federal  control,  arrived  at  New 
Bern,  N.  C.,  May  26th. 

Action  at  Hanover  C.  H.,  Va.,  May  27th.  W.  H. 
Emory,  Maryland,  commanded  cavalry,  with  some  artil 
lery,  participating  in  dislodging  the  Confederates,  clearing 
the  army's  right  flank.  Wm.  B.  Roy  all,  Virginia,  was  en 
gaged. 

Action  at  Mechanicsville,  Va.,  May  27th.  John  C.  Tid 
ball,  Virginia,  and  Wm.  P.  Sanders,  Kentucky,  were  en 
gaged. 

May  28th  the  advance  on  Corinth  met  stronger  oppo 
sition  than  any  before.  The  Confederates  attempted  to 
regain  a  position  taken  from  them  by  Thomas,  Army  of 
the  Tennessee,  and  also  attacked  the  2d  division,  Army  of 
the  Ohio,  in  the  center,  unsuccessfully,  R.  W.  Johnson, 
Kentucky,  routing  Confederates  in  his  front. 

The  Confederates  evacuated  Corinth  the  night  of  May 
29th.  Pope,  with  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  pursued 
to  Baldwin,  capturing  supplies,  prisoners  and  arms,  and 
destroying  other  material.  Among  those  engaged  in  the 
advance  upon  Corinth  were  T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky ;  R.  W. 
Johnson,  Kentucky ;  E.  H.  Hobson,  Kentucky ;  N.  B.  Bu- 


86      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ford,  Kentucky;  Jacob  Ammen,  Virginia;  W.  R.  Terrill, 
Virginia;  Albert  M.  Powell,  Maryland;  Alvan  C.  Gillem, 
Tennessee ;  Jas.  S.  Jackson,  Kentucky ;  Henry  M.  Judah, 
Maryland,  and  A.  L.  Chetlain,  Missouri.  Chetlain  com 
manded  the  post  of  Corinth. 

May  29th,  John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  was  again  in  com 
mand  on  James  River. 

In  Jackson's  demonstration  against  Harper's  Ferry 
May  26th  to  30th,  Jas.  Cooper,  Maryland,  and  D.  S.  Miles, 
Maryland,  were  engaged. 

Thos.  H.  Patterson,  Louisiana,  from  June  to  October, 
1862,  was  senior  officer  of  the  naval  forces  in  the  York 
and  Pamunkey  rivers,  and  in  constant  cooperation  with  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 

Battle  of  Fair  Oaks  or  Seven  Pines,  Va.,  May  31st  and 
June  1st,  1862.  May  31st,  while  part  of  the  Federal 
army  was  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Chickahominy,  J.  E. 
Johnston  struck  the  part  on  the  south  bank,  the  river  be 
ing  very  high.  The  Federals  were  driven  around  Seven 
Pines  while  holding  on  at  Fair  Oaks.  On  the  Seven  Pines 
field,  the  brigade  of  John  J.  Abercrombie,  Tennessee,  was 
attacked  in  the  second  position,  the  first  line  of  defense, 
half  a  mile  to  the  front,  having  been  carried.  Aber- 
crombie's  brigade  on  the  right,  after  gaining  ground,  was 
cut  off,  and  sustained  a  severe  attack.  It  was  about  to  be 
overwhelmed  when  reenforced  from  a  corps  coming  from 
the  north  bank  of  the  Chickahominy,  W.  A.  Gorman,  Ken 
tucky,  leading.  The  Chickahominy  had  been  crossed  with 
great  difficulty.  Gorman  exerted  himself  to  hold  the  line 
when  an  attempt  was  made  to  turn  the  Federal  right.  He 
led  a  bayonet  charge.  The  Confederates  held  at  Fair 
Oaks  most  of  the  corps  from  coming  to  the  succor  here, 
and  gained  the  second  line,  and  some  of  their  troops  on  the 
Williamsburg  road  were  pushed  far  toward  the  Federal 
third  position.  J.  E.  Johnston  was  wounded  about  7  :30 
p.  M.  B.  S.  Alexander,  Kentucky,  was  engaged. 

Seven   Pines   June    1st.     The   Confederate   attack   was 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      87 

upon  the  brigade  of  Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland.  The 
Confederates  fell  back  some  time  after  French  had  been 
reenforced.  D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  had  strong  outposts 
well  to  the  front,  which  delayed  Confederates  advancing 
east.  Birney  had  advanced  and  struck  the  Confederate 
right  flank  there.  Under  the  front  and  flank  attack  Ma- 
hone  and  Armstead,  Confederates,  gave  way  in  disorder. 
Birney 's  center  met  with  but  little  resistance  until  it  struck 
a  Confederate  force  in  a  strong  position  on  a  wood  road  in 
front  of  French's  left  wing.  One  of  Birney's  regiments 
was  engaged  on  the  Williamsburg  road,  and  two  of  French's 
also  advanced  into  the  wood  a  short  distance  before  the 
action  there  ended.  French  led  a  bayonet  charge  in  per 
son  with  address.  Wilcox,  Confederate,  sustained  this  at 
tack  east  of  Seven  Pines,  and  was  withdrawn  on  account 
of  the  fighting  to  the  north  of  Seven  Pines.  The  Confed 
erate  right  wing  retired  during  the  day  to  the  position  of 
the  Federal  first  line  of  defense  of  May  31st.  There 
was  no  general  battle  June  1st.  R.  E.  Lee  took  command 
of  the  Confederate  army  just  before  1 :30  p.  M.  that  day. 

Fremont  had  been  moved  northeastward  and  other  troops 
westward  in  the  attempt  to  intercept  Jackson,  but  he 
slipped  between  them. 

While  part  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley  command  ad 
vanced  to  Port  Republic,  E.  O.  C.  Ord,  Maryland,  com 
manding  a  division,  remained  at  Front  Royal. 

Early  in  June  Chas.  W.  Flusser,  Maryland,  took  posses 
sion  of  Plymouth,  N.  C.,  and  held  it  unaided  by  land  forces 
until  June  15th. 

J.  B.  S.  Todd,  Kentucky,  commanded  a  division  in  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee  from  June  3d  to  July  17th. 

Near  Jasper,  Tenn.,  June  4th,  O.  McK.  Mitchel's  expe 
dition  against  Chattanooga  skirmished  successfully  with  a 
brigade  under  Adams. 

Fort  Pillow  was  evacuated  by  the  Confederates  June  4th. 

Thomas  was  in  command  of  Corinth  from  June  5th  to 


88      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Battle  of  Memphis,  Term.,  June  6th.  This  was  a 
heavy  naval  fight.  The  Federals  had  five  gunboats  with 
68  guns,  4  rams.  The  Confederates  had  8  gunboats  with 
28  guns.  The  Confederate  fleet  met  the  Federal.  The 
Carondelet,  commanded  by  Walke,  was  in  the  front  line, 
and  was  the  principal  gunboat  engaged  by  the  Confed 
erate  ram  Arkansas.  Vessels  of  both  fleets  were  damaged 
or  destroyed,  the  Van  Dorn  alone,  of  the  Confederate  ves 
sels,  escaping.  Memphis  was  taken  that  day,  with  large 
stores  and  navy  yard,  and  the  steam-ram  Tennessee  build 
ing  there  was  destroyed.  Maynadier,  Virginia,  did  good 
service  in  the  battle. 

Mitchel's  expedition  reached  the  Tennessee  River  op 
posite  Chattanooga  June  7th.  It  bombarded  Chattanooga 
7th  and  8th. 

Battle  of  Cross  Keys,  Va.,  June  8th.  T.  J.  Jackson  held 
the  bridge  at  Port  Republic  separating  Fremont  and  troops 
which  had  moved  south  in  the  narrower  eastern  valley. 
The  brigade  of  S.  S.  Carroll,  Maryland,  in  advance  reached 
Port  Republic  the  8th,  and  there  was  a  contest  for  the 
bridge.  At  Cross  Keys,  on  the  8th,  Fremont  unsuccessfully 
attacked  Ewell,  posted  to  the  west  of  the  bridge. 

Combat  of  Port  Republic,  June  9th.  Another  brigade 
had  come  to  the  support  of  Carroll.  If  Jackson  could 
rout  these  two  brigades  quickly,  he  could  then  turn,  join 
Ewell  and  meet  Fremont.  The  first  Confederate  assault 
was  by  the  Stonewall  brigade  and  was  repulsed  by  Car 
roll's  brigade. 

Dick  Taylor  captured  a  battery.  Candy,  Kentucky, 
recaptured  it  and  took  a  Confederate  gun  and  67  prisoners. 
The  stout  resistance  of  the  two  brigades  before  they  were 
overcome  and  pushed  north  lost  Jackson  so  much  time  and 
required  such  force  that  Jackson  concentrated  east  of  the 
bridge,  ordering  Ewell  over,  after  holding  Fremont  in 
check,  and  the  bridge  was  burnt,  thus  preventing  further 
battle  between  Fremont  and  Jackson. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      89 

James  Island,  Charleston  Harbor,  June  10th.  Robt. 
Williams,  Virginia,  was  engaged. 

After  the  occupation  of  Corinth,  the  Federal  combina 
tion  was  resolved  into  the  former  armies.  Thomas  was 
relieved  of  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  and 
then  of  Corinth,  and  was  restored  to  the  command  of  the 
1st  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio. 

A  campaign  for  the  capture  of  Chattanooga  was  pro 
jected.  The  Army  of  the  Ohio  started  for  East  Tennes 
see  June  10th,  repairing  the  Memphis  &  Charleston 
Railroad  from  Corinth  to  use  as  a  line  of  communication, 
in  addition  to  the  Tennessee  River.  The  movement  was 
directly  upon  Chattanooga. 

At  James  Island,  Charleston  Harbor,  June  13th  and 
14th,  Robt.  Williams,  Virginia,  and  J.  R.  Hawley,  North 
Carolina,  were  engaged. 

Action  of  Old  Church,  Va.,  June  13th,  was  fought  by 
Wm.  B.  Royall,  Virginia,  who  received  six  saber  wounds 
in  hand-to-hand  conflict,  and  made  a  stubborn  fight,  but 
was  overwhelmed  by  the  numbers  of  the  Confederates.  He 
cut  through  and  joined  the  main  army. 

Combat  of  Secessionville,  S.  C.,  June  16th.  The  Fed 
erals  were  severely  repulsed.  Robt.  Williams,  Virginia, 
was  engaged. 

In  June,  1862,  A.  H.  Kilty,  Maryland,  commanded  an 
expedition  to  the  White  River,  Ark.  St.  Charles,  Ark., 
was  captured  by  troops  supported  by  the  vessels,  June 
17th.  The  gunboats  battled  with  the  Confederate  bat 
teries,  the  batteries  being  carried.  The  steam-chest  of  the 
Mound  City  was  struck,  and  Kilty  was  scalded  by  the 
steam  which  filled  the  vessel. 

Cumberland  Gap  was  occupied  by  Federals  June  18th, 
the  position  having  been  turned,  causing  Confederate  evac 
uation.  The  Confederates  left  it  in  maneuvers.  The  Fed 
eral  troops  were  largely  Kentuckian.  Saml.  P.  Carter, 
Tennessee,  and  J.  G.  Spears,  Tennessee,  helped  occupy  it. 


90      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

June  18th  transports  with  supplies  were  ordered  sent  up 
the  James  River  under  convoy  of  gunboats  under  John 
Rodgers,  Maryland. 

June  19th  another  corps  was  transferred  to  the  south 
side  of  the  Chickahominy. 

A  deserter  on  June  24th  gave  information  of  Jackson's 
movement  to  strike  the  Federal  rear.  Jackson  arrived  at 
Ashland  June  25th. 

Seven  Days'  Battles.  Action  of  Oak  Grove,  Va.,  June 
25th.  Federal  pickets  south  of  the  Chickahominy  were 
pushed  forward  and  gained  ground  for  an  attack  set  for 
the  next  day.  Federals  occupied  the  advanced  ground. 
Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland,  was  engaged. 

P.  St.  George  Cooke,  Virginia,  commanded  the  cavalry 
watching  on  the  right  wing  which  reported  the  advance 
which  turned  out  to  be  Jackson. 

Farragut's  fleet  was  assembled  at  Vicksburg  June  25th. 
Vicksburg  was  bombarded  next  day. 

John  Pope,  Kentucky,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
all  the  troops  in  northern  Virginia  June  26th,  and  Fremont 
was  relieved.  Pope  commanded  the  Army  of  Virginia 
from  June  27th  to  Sept.  2d. 

Battle  of  Mechanicsville,  or  Beaver  Dam  Creek,  Va., 
June  26th-27th.  The  left  of  the  Federal  picket  line  south 
of  the  Chickahominy  was  thrown  forward  preliminary  to 
attack.  P.  St.  George  Cooke  reported  that  Jackson  was 
advancing  slowly  on  the  flank  of  the  part  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  north  of  the  Chickahominy.  The  Federals 
were  forced  back  from  their  intrenchments  a  mile  to  Beaver 
Dam  Creek,  near  Ellerson's  mill,  where  they  repulsed  an 
attack.  Next  morning  they  were  constrained  by  Jack 
son's  flank  movement  to  fall  back  early  to  Games'  Mill 
battlefield.  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  was  among  those  en 
gaged.  The  Confederate  loss  was  1,365;  Federal  361. 

Battle  of  Games'  Mill,  June  27th,  1862.  The  Confed 
erate  attack  commenced  shortly  after  noon.  A  division 
crossed  from  south  of  the  Chickahominy  to  the  support  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      91 

the  right  wing,  reaching  the  field  at  3 :30  p.  M.  The 
brigade  of  John  Newton,  Virginia,  arriving  at  4  p.  M., 
was  sent  to  the  center  and  drove  back  the  Confederates, 
retaking  ground  held  by  the  Confederates  only  a  short 
time.  There  was  fierce  fighting  in  the  position  of  Robt. 
C.  Buchanan,  Maryland,  the  ground  being  lost  and  re 
gained.  Buchanan  fought  with  credit.  Jackson's  army 
from  the  Valley  was  now  fully  united  with  Lee's  and 
bore  down  in  force  upon  the  right  flank.  Late  in  the  p.  M. 
the  Confederates  gained  the  line  at  a  number  of  points, 
and  the  whole  line  gave  way.  About  6  P.  M.  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  army  in  sight  seemed  suddenly  to  disappear 
in  confusion  to  the  rear.  Three  batteries  of  artillery  had 
been  posted  in  reserve,  with  Cooke's  weak  cavalry  brigade. 
The  three  batteries  opened  a  furious  fire.  No  hope  was 
left  save  in  this  feeble  force  in  reserve.  Cooke  instantly 
advanced  to  support  the  batteries.  He  charged  to  bring 
them  off  safe.  He  directed  their  firing,  which  was  reported 
very  effective.  It  caused  the  Confederates  to  halt.  Cooke 
was  with  his  men.  Wm.  P.  Chambliss,  Virginia,  led  the 
charge  and  was  struck  by  seven  balls.  The  Confederates 
had  emerged  from  a  wood,  and  were  met  by  the  cavalry 
charge  and  artillery  fire.  They  hesitated  and  destruction 
of  the  right  wing  north  of  the  Chickahominy  was  pre 
vented.  Some  of  the  artillery  was  saved.  The  brigade 
of  Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland,  advancing  boldly,  and 
another  brigade,  came  up  from  the  river  before  dusk. 
They  covered  the  retreat,  and  Cooke,  with  the  cavalry, 
guarded  the  rear  while  the  right  wing  crossed  to  the  south 
side  of  the  Chickahominy.  Cooke  was  the  last  general 
officer  on  the  field  on  the  left.  That  wing  of  the  army 
was  saved  from  further  disaster  in  the  flooded  river  and 
swamps  close  behind  it.  Cooke's  cavalry  destroyed  the 
Chickahominy  bridge,  the  rear-guard  in  retreat  having 
gotten  over  the  river  by  6  A.  M.,  and  retreat  commenced 
to  the  James  River  as  a  base,  while  the  Confederates  op 
erated  on  the  old  line  to  the  Pamunkey,  not  knowing  but 


92      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

that  White  House  would  continue  to  be  the  base.  John 
W.  Davidson,  Virginia,  and  John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia, 
were  brave  and  useful.  G.  W.  Getty,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  C.  H.  Tompkins,  Virginia,  and  B.  S.  Alexander,  Ken 
tucky,  were  also  engaged  in  the  battle. 

Action  at  Golding's  Farm  and  Garnett's  Farm,  June 
27th  and  28th.  Confederates  lost  461,  Federals  368. 
John  W.  Davidson  was  conspicuous ;  B.  S.  Alexander  was 
engaged. 

Bombardment  of  Vicksburg  batteries  by  Farragut,  June 
27th.  T.  T.  Craven,  commanding  the  Brooklyn;  H.  H. 
Bell,  North  Carolina,  and  John  H.  Russell,  Maryland,  were 
engaged. 

Bragg  succeeded  Beauregard  in  command  of  the  Con 
federate  army  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  June  27th. 

June  28th  Farragut  ran  northward  past  Vicksburg  with 
two  of  his  ships  and  five  gunboats  —  all  but  three  vessels 
of  his  fleet.  The  Hartford,  Oneida,  second  in  line,  com 
manded  by  S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia ;  the  Sciota,  Ed.  Donaldson, 
Maryland,  and  Winona,  E.  T.  Nichols,  Georgia,  succeeded. 
W.  W.  Queen,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the  mor 
tar-boats  and  passed  the  batteries.  The  Federal  fleet  at 
Memphis  moved  down  the  river  June  29th. 

Seven  Days'  Battles.  Action  of  Allen's  Farm  or  Peach 
Orchard,  June  29th.  Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland,  was 
engaged. 

Battle  two  miles  west  of  Savage  Station  and  at  Savage 
Station,  Va.,  p.  M.  of  June  29th.  Lee  was  striking  at  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  on  its  retreat  to  the  James.  The 
Federal  line  was  broken  in  the  center.  The  brigade  of  W. 
A.  Gorman,  Kentucky,  was  pushed  in,  and  held  its  ground. 
The  line  then  held  fast  till  the  close  of  the  battle.  Wm. 
H.  French,  Maryland,  was  engaged,  and  in  command  of 
the  infantry  rear-guard,  then  and  in  the  retreat  to  Malvern 
Hill.  P.  St.  George  Cooke  was  in  command  of  the  remnant 
of  the  cavalry  division  present  in  retreat  from  Savage 
Station  to  Harrison's  Landing. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      93 

June  29th  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  opened  communica 
tion  with  John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  who  again  commanded 
the  vessels  on  the  James  River. 

Seven  Days'  Battles.  White  Oak  Bridge  or  Turkey 
Creek,  Va.,  June  30th.  Bombardment  by  Jackson  princi 
pally.  French  and  Davidson,  Virginia,  were  present.  J. 

B.  Mclntosh,    Florida,    was    engaged.     French    remained 
when   other   troops    fell   back   that   night,   to   deceive   the 
Confederates  by  firing  field-pieces  in  the  direction  of  the 
bridge. 

Battle  of  Glendale,  Charles  City  Cross  Roads,  or  Fray- 
ser's  Farm,  June  30th.  Fighting  was  along  the  whole  line 
this  day.  D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  was  on  the  right  of  the 
front  line.  Newton,  Virginia,  was  on  the  right,  and  was 
efficient.  He  held  the  center  there.  His  brigade  did  well. 
The  Confederates  took  the  field.  French,  Cooke  and  Robt. 

C.  Buchanan,  Maryland,  were  engaged. 

Lovell  H.  Rousseau,  Kentucky,  was  given  command  of  a 
division  in  June,  1862,  succeeding  Mitchel.  Ord  com 
manded  at  Corinth,  June  to  August. 

Malvern  Hill,  Va.,  June  30th.  John  Rodgers'  gunboats 
aided  in  repulsing  Holmes. 

Seven  Days'  Battles.  Battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  Va.,  July 
1st.  The  Confederates  attacked  at  3  p.  M.  and  again  at 
6  P.  M.  The  brigade  of  John  J.  Abercrombie,  Tennessee, 
with  two  other  brigades,  pushed  after  the  repelled  troops, 
and  advanced  the  right  of  the  line.  Colors  were  captured. 
Robt.  C.  Buchanan,  Maryland,  helped  drive  a  portion  of 
the  Confederates  from  the  field.  Gunboats  under  John 
Rodgers  aided.  They  fired  upon  Magruder's  rear. 
Buchanan  was  the  main  infantry  rear-guard  from  Malvern 
Hill  leaving  the  field.  The  Confederates  lost  5,355  and 
the  Federals  3,214.  French,  G.  W.  Getty,  District  of 
Columbia ;  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  and  John  C.  Tidball,  Vir 
ginia,  were  engaged.  Among  others  engaged  in  the  Seven 
Days'  Battles  were  Alfred  Pleasanton,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  and  Wm.  Chapman,  Maryland.  Wm.  H.  Emory, 


94      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Maryland,  operated  on  the  right  flank  of  the  army  with 
a  mixed  command  of  infantry,  cavalry  and  artillery. 

Farragut's  fleet  and  the  one  from  Memphis  joined  north 
of  Vicksburg  July  1st. 

Harrison's  Landing,  July  £d.  Emory  and  Tidball  were 
engaged.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  thereafter  under 
the  protection  of  Rodgers'  gunboats. 

Wm.  Gibson,  Maryland,  was  present  during  all  the  op 
erations  on  the  James  River  while  the  Army  occupied 
Harrison's  Landing,  and  guarded  with  three  gunboats  its 
recrossing  of  the  Chickahominy.  N.  B.  Harrison,  Vir 
ginia,  commanded  the  Mahaska  during  the  operations  be 
fore  Richmond  and  the  retreat  to  Harrison's  Landing. 

H.  R.  Gamble,  Virginia,  war  Governor  of  Missouri,  in 
1862  ordered  the  enrollment  of  the  total  fighting  popu 
lation  of  Missouri,  giving  authority  for  the  placing  in 
active  service  of  a  sufficient  force  to  maintain  the  peace. 
Federal  Missouri  militia  occupied  every  town  of  impor 
tance  in  the  State.  The  military  establishment  there  was 
about  50,000  men,  mostly  Missouri  State  militia. 

Morgan,  Confederate,  raided  Kentucky,  July  4th  to 
30th.  On  Morgan's  five  raids  into  Kentucky,  Kentucky 
troops  were  after  him  or  confronted  him.  On  this  raid 
Jeremiah  T.  Boyle,  Kentucky,  and  Green  C.  Smith,  Ken 
tucky,  were  active  in  resisting  him. 

Point  of  Rocks,  July  4th.  W.  P.  McCann,  Kentucky, 
captured  gunboat  Teaser.  He  was  with  the  army  at 
Malvern  Hill,  July  4th. 

C.  W.  Flusser,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  an  expe 
dition  sent  by  L.  M.  Goldsborough,  District  of  Columbia, 
July  9th  to  the  North  Carolina  rivers  leading  into  the 
North  Carolina  sounds.  He  started  from  Plymouth,  N. 
C.,  went  up  the  Roanoke  River,  reached  Hamilton  the  9th 
in  the  Commodore  Perry  and  captured  it  —  batteries, 
steamers,  schooners  and  supplies. 

Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  July  13th.  Forrest  had  advanced 
from  Chattanooga.  He  captured  Murfreesboro  and  T. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      95 

T.  Crittenden,  Alabama,  with  a  brigade  and  cavalry  under 
him.  Crittenden  had  arrived  only  the  day  before.  Nelson 
was  dispatched  with  his  division  from  Athens  via  Nashville 
against  Forrest.  While  at  Murfreesboro  Nelson  con 
structed  strong  field  works. 

Pope  took  command  of  the  Army  of  Virginia  July  14th. 

Three  Federal  vessels  approached  the  ram  Arkansas  in 
the  Yazoo  River,  Miss.,  Walke  commanding  the  Caronde- 
let.  The  Arkansas  engaged  them  July  15th,  and  followed 
them  down  the  river.  Walke  bore  the  brunt  of  the  fight 
with  the  Arkansas.  The  Arkansas  proceeded  and  ran  the 
gauntlet  of  both  fleets,  taking  position  under  the  Vicksburg 
batteries.  Farragut,  with  his  fleet,  repassed  the  Vicksburg 
batteries  going  south  with  little  loss,  and  attacked  the 
Arkansas  in  passing.  S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  and  E.  T.  Nich 
ols,  Georgia,  passed  and  were  in  the  engagement  with  the 
A  rkansas. 

The  command  of  David  G.  Farragut,  Tennessee,  up  to 
May,  1863,  included  the  Mississippi  River  as  far  as  Vicks 
burg,  and  all  its  tributaries  below,  and  the  coasts  from 
Pensacola,  Fla.,  to  the  western  boundary  of  Texas. 

Morgan,  Confederate,  took  Cynthiana,  Ky.,  July  17th, 
commanded  by  J.  J.  Landram,  Kentucky.  There  was  a 
hard  struggle  and  severe  loss  on  both  sides.  Landram 
escaped,  slightly  wounded,  to  Paris,  where  the  next  day 
he  rallied  and  united  several  detachments,  and  harassed 
Morgan  in  his  retirement  from  Kentucky. 

Lee  sent  Jackson  to  oppose  Pope's  advance  in  northern 
Virginia.  Jackson's  troops  reached  Gordonsville  July 
19th. 

July  20th  Farragut's  fleet  was  ordered  to  New  Orleans, 
where  it  arrived  July  29th. 

The  Confederate  army  in  northern  Mississippi  was 
started  for  Chattanooga  July  21st. 

July  22d  two  vessels,  W.  D.  Porter,  Louisiana,  command 
ing  one  of  them,  from  the  fleet  above  Vicksburg  unsuccess 
fully  attacked  the  Arkansas.  Porter  passed  Vicksburg 


96      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

southward  in  the  Essex  to  attack  the  Arkansas.  The  Es 
sex  was  badly  cut  up  by  the  Vicksburg  batteries. 

Bragg  reached  Chattanooga  July  29th.  Hardee  left 
Tupelo  bound  there  the  same  day. 

Confederates  were  driven  from  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky.,  by 
Home  Guards  July  29th. 

Coggin's  Point,  Va.,  July  31st.  Thornton  A.  Jenkins, 
Virginia,  senior  naval  officer  present,  repulsed  the  Con 
federates. 

Orange  C.  H.,  Va.,  was  occupied  by  Pope's  troops  Au 
gust  2d. 

Combat  of  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  August  5th.  Brecken- 
ridge,  Confederate,  unsuccessfully  attacked  Baton  Rouge. 
The  Arkansas  had  come  down  from  Vicksburg  to  aid. 
The  Confederates  attacked  and  drove  back  the  land  force. 
W.  D.  Porter,  Louisiana,  in  the  Essex,  contributed  ma 
terially  to  the  defense.  The  Federals  finally  pushed  the 
Confederates,  who  retired  from  the  field. 

Porter,  writh  the  Essex,  Cayuga  and  other  vessels,  en 
gaged  the  Arkansas.  The  Arkansas  was  pierced  through 
and  through,  disabling  her  steering  gear.  She  went  ashore 
and  was  set  on  fire  and  destroyed.  D.  McN.  Fairfax,  Vir 
ginia,  was  engaged. 

George  H.  Thomas,  Virginia,  was  in  command  at 
Decherd,  August  5th  to  15th. 

Battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  or  Cedar  Run,  Va.,  August 
9th.  Jackson  forced  back  Pope's  advance  force.  S.  S. 
Carroll,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Chas.  Candy,  Kentucky, 
were  engaged. 

Gallatin,  Tenn.,  August  12th.  Morgan  had  started  on 
another  raid.  R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  commanding  a 
cavalry  force,  was  sent  from  McMinnville  against  Morgan 
August  llth,  which  placed  him  between  Morgan  and  For 
rest.  He  attacked  Morgan  at  Gallatin,  was  defeated  and 
retreated.  Morgan  pursued,  attacked,  and  received  the 
surrender  of  Johnson  and  the  men  remaining  with  him, 
about  75  in  number. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      97 

Manassas  Campaign  of  1862. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  evacuated  Harrison's  Land 
ing  August  16th.  It  moved  back  down  the  Peninsula,  took 
ship,  and,  as  fast  as  the  troops  debarked  on  the  Potomac, 
they  were  hurried  to  unite  with  Pope's  army. 

August  16th  Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky,  was  given  two 
field-batteries  and  some  experienced  cavalry  and  infantry 
officers,  and  sent  to  Kentucky,  to  organize  troops,  re 
establish  communications,  and  operate  against  the  Con 
federate  cavalry.  He  was  relieved  of  command  of  the  4th 
division,  Ammen  succeeding  him.  Kirby  Smith  was  then 
in  motion  toward  central  Kentucky.  Nelson  took  charge 
of  affairs  in  that  State,  and  organized  the  fresh  troops 
assembling  for  its  defense.  On  reaching  Kentucky,  Nel 
son  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  Lexington  and  assume  com 
mand  of  troops  there,  at  Lebanon  and  elsewhere  around. 
Nelson  ordered  troops  to  Richmond,  Ky. 

Farragut  sent  an  expedition  which  successfully  attacked 
Corpus  Christi,  August  16th  to  20th,  1862.  Galveston, 
Sabine  Pass  and  Corpus  Christi  fell  into  Federal  hands 
within  a  short  time,  through  the  operations  of  his  vessels. 

Tennessee  and  Kentucky  Campaign.  Instead  of  longer 
interposing  between  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  and  the  lower 
South,  or  defending  Chattanooga  by  occupying  it,  Bragg 
planned  to  get  by  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  and  push  across 
Tennessee,  keeping  undisclosed  whether  he  designed  the 
capture  of  Nashville,  or  to  move  to  the  east  of  it  and 
occupy  Kentucky.  E.  Kirby  Smith  preceded  him,  enter 
ing  southeastern  Kentucky,  and  marching  upon  Lexington 
and  Covington,  opposite  Cincinnati.  The  cavalry  raids  of 
Morgan  and  Forrest  were  preliminary  to  the  grand  army 
movement.  Kirby  Smith  reached  Barboursville  August 
18th,  in  rear  of  the  Federals  at  Cumberland  Gap.  Fed 
erals  occupied  Rogers'  and  Big  Creek  Gaps  in  Smith's  rear, 
and  he  advanced  boldly  into  the  rich  portion  of  Ken 
tucky. 

Alfred  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  was  engaged 


98      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

in  covering  the  withdrawal  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to 
Yorktown,  August  18th  and  19th.  J.  L.  Reno,  Virginia, 
was  in  the  movement  to  Newport  News  and  the  Rappa- 
hannock.  He  was  given  command  of  the  9th  corps  in 
August. 

August  19th,  the  Department  of  the  Ohio  was  formed 
of  the  States  of  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Mis 
souri  and  Kentucky  east  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  in 
cluding  Cumberland  Gap. 

Thomas  was  in  command  at  McMinnville  August  19th 
to  September  3d.  Bragg  started  troops  from  Chattanooga 
to  crossing  the  Tennessee  River  the  19th.  Thomas  recon- 
noitered  thoroughly  to  the  south  and  east. 

Edgefield  Junction,  Tenn.,  August  20th.  Morgan  was 
not  checked  until  he  reached  Edgefield  Junction,  a  few 
miles  north  of  Nashville.  Forrest  swept  around  Nashville, 
and  Morgan  remained  north  of  Nashville. 

The  Alabama  arrived  at  Azores,  August  20th,  and  took 
on  her  armament  of  eight  guns  and  stores  from  a  transport 
which  had  preceded  her.  She  entered  upon  her  Confed 
erate  career  as  a  commerce-destroyer. 

Gallatin,  Tenn.,  surrendered  to  the  Confederates  August 
21st. 

Henry  M.  Judah,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  Fort 
Denison  from  August  23d  to  September  5th. 

August  23d  W.  D.  Porter,  Louisiana,  left  Baton  Rouge 
in  the  Essex,  and  followed  the  Confederate  gunboat  Webb 
to  Vicksburg. 

Jackson  turned  west,  marched  around  Pope's  army, 
crossed  its  rear  east-bound,  and  reached  Manassas  Junc 
tion  to  the  northeast  between  Pope  and  Washington  the 
night  of  August  26th,  capturing  the  army  supplies,  hav 
ing  occupied  Bristoe  during  the  day. 

Action  of  Kettle  Run  or  Bristoe  Station,  August  27th. 
Pope  moved  troops  quickly  to  Bristoe,  where  they  attacked 
Ewell,  left  there  by  Jackson,  who  separated  his  forces, 
moving  them  to  the  west  and  north.  Pope  captured  some 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      99 

prisoners  at  Bristoe  Station,  Ewell  having  withdrawn  un 
der  fire. 

Action  of  Thoroughfare  Gap,  evening  of  August  27th, 
and  August  28th.  John  Buford,  Kentucky,  was  engaged. 
Lee  was  hurrying  the  rest  of  his  army  on  Jackson's  track, 
to  pass  through  Thoroughfare  Gap  and  unite  with  Jack 
son. 

Bragg's  army  was  fairly  started  on  his  campaign  Au 
gust  28th. 

Combat  of  Groveton,  Va.,  August  28th.  Troops  moved 
by  Pope  encountered  Jackson.  Pope's  troops  fought  at 
Gainesville,  Germantown  and  near  Centreville  that  day. 

T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  was  employed  in  pursuit  and 
driving  away  of  Forrest's  brigade  of  cavalry,  August  29th. 


CHAPTER  IV 

SECOND  BULL  RUN  —  RICHMOND,  KY. —  CHANTILLY  — 
SOUTH  MOUNTAIN  —  HARPER'S  FERRY  —  SHARPSBURG  —  COR 
INTH  —  HATCHIE  BRIDGE  —  PERRYVILLE  —  PRAIRIE  GROVE 

—  FREDERICKSBURG  —  CHICKASAW     BLUFFS  —  MURFREESBORO 

—  ARKANSAS  POST  —  CHARLESTON  —  PORT  GIBSON. 

BATTLE  of  Second  Bull  Run  or  Manassas,  August  29th 
and  30th.  The  Confederates  faced  east.  At  first  Bull 
Run  they  faced  to  the  west  when  the  Federals  advanced 
to  the  attack  from  that  direction,  so  that  the  positions 
of  the  combatants  were  reversed  in  the  second  battle.  On 
the  29th  Reno,  with  the  9th  corps,  reenforced  the  troops 
on  the  field.  Most  of  his  corps  had  been  pushed  into 
action  by  noon.  Besides  the  9th  corps,  he  commanded 
another  division  during  the  battle.  Pope  arrived  on  the 
field  about  noon.  He  was  concentrating  to  defeat  Jackson 
before  Lee  could  join,  but  Lee  was  already  in  touch. 
Reno's  corps,  with  two  other  divisions,  assaulted  about  1 
p.  M.  At  5  p.  M.  Reno  was  in  an  attack  on  Hill,  which 
forced  his  lines  back,  Jackson's  left  being  pressed  toward 
his  center. 

Second  Bull  Run,  August  30th.  Reno,  on  the  Federal 
right,  was  in  the  assault  in  the  morning.  Buchanan,  Mary 
land,  rendered  brave  and  strong  service  on  the  Federal 
left.  Jackson,  badly  shaken,  yet  held  a  line  against  Pope's 
heavy  assaults.  The  Confederate  army  was  united  and 
Longstreet,  on  Jackson's  right,  helped  repulse  the  as 
sailants.  Reno  was  withdrawn  from  the  right  center  late 
in  the  afternoon  and  thrown  into  action  on  the  left.  Lee 
made  a  general  attack,  and  succeeded.  Buchanan's  bri 
gade  fought  hard  on  the  extreme  left  to  preserve  the  line 

100 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDEALS 

of  retreat  by  the  turnpike  and  stone  bridge.  Reno  re 
mained  on  the  Henry  house  hill  until  about  9  p.  M.  and 
covered  the  retreat.  His  corps  fought  well.  Reno  was 
soldierly.  D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  fought  with  credit. 
Wm.  Birney,  Alabama,  was  conspicuous.  John  Buford, 
Kentucky,  commanding  Pope's  cavalry,  was  cool,  judicious 
and  brave.  Wm.  Chapman,  Maryland,  was  engaged. 

Some  of  T.  J.  Wood's  cavalry  worsted  Forrest  at  Mc- 
Minnville  August  30th. 

August  30th  orders  were  given  for  the  concentration 
at  Murfreesboro  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  at  the  time 
disposed  west  of  Chattanooga. 

When  Kirby  Smith  was  reported  moving  toward  Louis 
ville,  Wm.  Nelson,  Kentucky,  was  dispatched  to  Louisville 
to  defend  it.  He  went  on  to  Lexington,  and  collected 
some  troops. 

Battle  of  Richmond,  or  Kingston,  Ky.,  August  30th. 
The  battle  started  at  Kingston,  near  Richmond.  Smith 
had  succeeded  in  coming  into  contact  with  the  army  hastily 
assembled.  The  Federal  left  moved  forward  to  turn  the 
Confederate  right.  This  was  met  by  Smith,  who  then 
sent  a  brigade  to  turn  the  Federal  right.  The  Federals 
still  advanced  their  left,  but  were  checked  and  finally  forced 
back.  The  Confederates  gained  the  Federal  right,  and 
broke  it  in  a  charge. 

Two  miles  farther  north,  the  Federals  made  a  stand, 
and  the  Confederates  struck  their  right  again,  while  at 
tacking  in  front.  The  Federals  were  routed,  and  fell  back 
in  front  of  Richmond.  Nelson  arrived  and  directed  the 
formation  of  a  line  near  the  town.  He  judiciously  se 
lected  a  commanding  ridge  close  to  Richmond  for  the 
stand,  both  flanks  resting  on  woods.  Smith  again  at 
tacked  in  front  while  flanking  and  Nelson  retreated.  A 
force  of  Confederates  had  been  sent  early  in  the  morning 
to  gain  the  rear  of  Richmond,  and  they  increased  the  dis 
order.  In  the  battle  J.  J.  Landram,  Kentucky,  had  sev 
eral  horses  shot  under  him.  He  received  a  severe  wound 


102      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

in  the  head,  partly  blinding  and  incapacitating  him  for 
further  active  service.  Nelson  was  wounded.  Smith  con 
tinued  north  to  Lexington.  Nelson  returned  to  Louisville, 
took  command  there  and  organized,  from  every  direction, 
30,000  to  40,000  troops.  During  September  the  greater 
portion  of  Smith's  army  remained  in  the  vicinity  of  Lex 
ington.  He  sent  Heth's  troops  north. 

In  August  George  B.  Balch,  Tennessee,  naval  officer, 
ascended  Black  River  25  miles,  drove  a  Confederate  bat 
tery  from  its  earthworks  and  engaged  infantry  on  the 
bluffs. 

Hindman,  Confederate,  commenced  to  move  north  with 
7,000  men  early  in  September  for  southwest  Missouri. 

Battle  of  Chantilly,  or  Ox  Hill,  Va.,  September  1st. 
Jackson  had  gone  on  another  turning  movement  around 
Pope's  right.  Just  before  sunset  Reno  met  Jackson's  ad 
vance,  Pope  having  sent  a  force  to  meet  such  a  move. 

A  division  of  Reno's  corps  drove  two  of  A.  P.  Hill's 
brigades  back  in  much  confusion.  The  Federals  were 
forced  back  in  disorder,  and  the  brigade  of  D.  B.  Birney, 
Alabama,  was  sent  to  the  front.  Birney,  coming  into 
command  of  a  division,  at  once  made  a  bayonet  charge 
with  his  own  brigade,  which  gained  some  ground.  Birney 
held  some  of  the  ground  that  night.  Wm.  Birney,  Ala 
bama,  was  engaged. 

John  Newton,  Virginia,  served  in  handling  troops  in  the 
retreat  from  Bull  Run  to  Washington,  September  1st  and 
2d. 

Federals  evacuated  Lexington,  Ky.,  September  1st. 

In  September,  1862,  J.  Me  A.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  was 
given  command  of  the  1st  division  of  the  Army  of  the 
Mississippi. 

September  1st  Bragg  telegraphed  Price,  informing  him 
that  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  was  retiring  upon  Nashville,  and 
that  he  must  watch  the  army  west  of  the  Tennessee  River 
to  prevent  its  junction ;  or,  if  it  should  escape,  follow  it 
closely.  Martial  law  was  declared  in  Cincinnati  Septem- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     103 

her  2d.  Kirby  Smith  occupied  Lexington,  Ky.,  September 
2d. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  was  appointed  acting  rear-admiral 
September  2d. 

Bragg  entered  Kentucky  September  5th.  The  Army  of 
the  Ohio  reached  Murfreesboro  the  same  day.  Bragg's 
movement  impelled  the  detachment  of  two  divisions  to  it 
from  west  of  the  Tennessee.  It  moved  on  to  Nashville. 
The  way  was  clear  to  Bragg.  While  the  Army  was  at 
Murfreesboro,  information  was  received  of  Nelson's  defeat 
at  Richmond,  and  that  Bragg's  course  indicated  invasion 
of  Kentucky. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  relieved  Goldsborough  of  the  com 
mand  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  September  5th. 
Lee  held  it  until  October  12th,  1864.  He  was  engaged  in 
blockading  the  coasts  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  and 
cooperating  with  the  armies  in  the  defense  of  Norfolk, 
New  Bern  and  Washington,  N.  C.,  fighting  iron-clads  and 
heavy  fortifications  in  Trent's  Reach,  and  field  batteries 
along  the  line  of  communication  of  the  Army  on  James 
River,  which  he  held  continuously.  He  arranged  and 
maintained  an  extensive  blockade,  originating  the  system 
of  a  girdle  of  cruisers,  which  baffled  the  Confederates  in 
their  efforts  to  obtain  foreign  recruits,  supplies  and  muni 
tions  of  war.  54  blockade  runners  were  captured  or  de 
stroyed  by  the  Squadron  under  Lee.  Besides  blockading, 
it  was  engaged  in  91  actions  and  expeditions  during  his 
command. 

Maryland  Campaign.  R.  E.  Lee  entered  Maryland 
September  5th.  A.  W.  Bradford,  Maryland,  Governor 
of  Maryland,  issued  a  proclamation  for  the  enrollment  of 
Marylanders  in  military  organizations.  Volunteers  were 
so  organized. 

Henry  M.  Judah,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  Cov- 
ington,  Ky.,  September  5th  to  8th.  Heth's  troops  reached 
the  suburbs  of  Covington  September  6th.  Troops  were 
rushed  to  Cincinnati  by  the  Federals. 


104?     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Washington,  N.  C.,  September  6th.  During  the  siege 
of  Washington  W.  P.  McCann,  Kentucky,  had  command 
of  five  gunboats. 

Lee  occupied  Frederick,  Md.,  September  6th. 

W.  D.  Porter,  Louisiana,  in  the  Essex,  returning  from 
Vicksburg,  was  fired  upon  by  the  Port  Hudson  batteries 
September  7th. 

John  Pope  was  in  command  of  the  Department  of  the 
Northwest,  September  7th,  1862,  to  January  30th,  1865. 

By  order  of  September  7th  Thomas  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  Nashville  with  his,  Palmer's  and  a  third 
division,  retaining  it  to  September  14th.  Bragg  had 
crossed  the  Cumberland  River  at  Carthage  and  was  mov 
ing  rapidly  toward  Louisville.  The  Army  of  the  Ohio 
raced  with  him.  Breckenridge  was  left  to  operate  against 
and  invest  Nashville.  Bragg's  troops  tore  up  the  railroad 
track  between  Franklin  and  Bowling  Green. 

Alfred  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  advance  cavalry  division  in  the  Maryland 
campaign.  He  was  engaged  in  driving  Confederates  from 
Poolsville  September  8th,  and  from  Barnesville  and  Sugar 
Loaf  Mountain  September  9th  to  llth. 

Humphrey  Marshall,  Confederate,  moved  into  Kentucky 
through  Pound  Gap  after  Smith  secured  a  hold  in  Ken 
tucky.  The  Government  of  Kentucky  sought  refuge  at 
Louisville. 

September  10th  Beauregard  received  orders  in  Mobile 
assigning  him  to  command  of  the  Department  of  South 
Carolina  and  Georgia,  headquarters  Charleston. 

A.  Pleasanton  drove  Confederates  from  Frederick  City 
and  through  Cactochin  Pass,  September  12th,  1862. 

Harper's  Ferry,  September  12th  to  15th.  Lee  disposed 
troops  to  capture  the  force  at  Harper's  Ferry.  Some 
occupied  the  heights  opposite  Harper's  Ferry  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Potomac;  some  occupied  Loudoun  Heights  in 
Virginia  just  to  the  east  of  Harper's  Ferry,  while  Jackson 
marched  from  Maryland,  crossing  the  Potomac  west  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      105 

Harper's  Ferry,  and  inarching  east  to  help  surround  it  on 
the  west  and  south. 

September  12th  Thomas  was  ordered  to  join  the  main 
army. 

The  head  of  Bragg's  army  appeared  at  Munfordville 
September  13th. 

The  Confederates  attacked  Harper's  Ferry  September 
13th. 

Action  at  Munfordville  September  13th  and  14th.  The 
Confederates  were  repulsed. 

Sterling  Price  entered  luka,  Miss.,  unresisted  September 
14th.  The  Federals  had  sent  three  divisions  to  the  Army 
of  the  Ohio,  retaining  two  west  of  luka.  Hurlbut,  South 
Carolina,  was  ordered  to  make  a  strong  demonstration  to 
ward  Grand  Junction.  He  was  at  Bolivar. 

Harper's  Ferry  attack  continued  September  14th.  B. 
F.  Davis,  Alabama,  escaped  with  cavalry,  cut  his  way 
through  the  Confederate  lines,  captured  an  ordnance  train 
of  Longstreet,  and  reached  Greencastle,  Pa.,  September 
15th. 

E.  O.  C.  Ord,  Maryland,  commanded  the  left  wing  in 
the  operations  in  Mississippi  in  August  and  September, 
1862.  He  commanded  the  district  of  Jackson,  Tenn.,  in 
September  and  October,  1862. 

Battles  of  South  Mountain  or  Boonsboro,  September 
14th. 

Turner's  Gap.  A.  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia, 
had  learned  the  ground  the  day  before  by  reconnoissance, 
and  posted  the  advance  troops  of  Reno's  corps  on  the 
south  side  of  the  pike.  Reno  went  to  the  front,  assumed 
direction  of  affairs,  and  opened  the  battle.  Fox's  Gap  is 
one  mile  south  of  Turner's  Gap.  Both  gaps  were  occu 
pied  by  Confederates.  Reno  outflanked  the  Confederates 
at  Fox's  Gap,  his  troops  advancing  on  the  ridge  of  the 
mountain  from  the  south  by  a  road  which  crossed  the  one 
through  Fox's  Gap,  while  he  attacked  also  from  the  east. 
Pleasanton  was  in  the  battle.  His  batteries  were  well 


106     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

served  tins  A.  M.  Confederate  Garland's  brigade  was  routed 
from  near  Fox's  Gap  on  the  ridge.  Reno's  corps  and 
another  forced  the  Gap,  and  some  of  his  troops 
carried  the  crest  of  Fox's  Gap.  His  corps  drove  Confed 
erates  from  heights  on  one  side  of  the  main  pike.  He 
broke  the  Confederate  left.  The  Confederates  lost  a  com 
manding  hill  on  their  left  before  night.  Confederate 
Drayton's  brigade  was  driven  west  from  about  Fox's  Gap. 
The  Confederates  held  the  field  generally  till  night.  Reno 
was  killed  about  7  P.  M.,  while  bravely  leading  his  men. 
Lee  ordered  withdrawal  after  9  P.  M. 

Crampton's  Gap.  Confederates  were  posted  near  the 
eastern  base  of  the  mountain.  The  head  of  the  Federal 
corps  came  upon  the  Confederate  cavalry  supported  by 
infantry  about  noon.  John  Newton,  Virginia,  occupied 
the  center.  His  activity  was  conspicuous.  Two  of  his 
regiments  reenforced  the  leading  brigade  on  the  left.  His 
brigade  helped  take  the  Gap  and  he  fought  with  credit. 
Confederates  were  dislodged  from  a  stone  wall  and  pursued 
to  the  crest  and  down  the  opposite  side.  Four  hundred 
prisoners  were  taken  in  the  battle.  At  South  Mountain, 
French,  Maryland;  Getty,  District  of  Columbia;  John 
Buford,  Jr.,  Kentucky;  W.  A.  Gorman,  Kentucky;  Ho 
ratio  G.  Gibson,  Maryland;  Sol.  Meredith,  North  Carolina, 
and  Carr  B.  White,  Kentucky,  were  engaged. 

Harper's  Ferry  capitulated  to  Jackson  about  8  A.  M., 
September  15th.  D.  S.  Miles,  Maryland,  commanding  the 
post,  was  mortally  wounded.  John  R.  Kenly,  Maryland, 
was  engaged. 

In  skirmish  of  Boonsboro  September  15th,  A.  Pleasan- 
ton,  District  of  Columbia,  drove  back  Confederate  cavalry. 
John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged. 

Confederates  attempted  to  blockade  the  Ohio  River,  Sep 
tember  15th.  Thomas  left  Nashville  that  day  to  join  the 
army  at  Munfordville. 

Bragg  reached  Munfordville  September  16th  and  at 
tacked  the  Federals.  They  surrendered  to  the  number  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     107 

4,076  that  evening.  Nelson  commanded  at  Louisville 
while  the  Confederates  were  approaching. 

Battle  of  Sharpsburg  or  Antietam,  Md.,  September  16th 
and  17th.  There  was  some  fighting  by  the  Federal  right 
on  the  16th.  The  Confederate  left  was  reached  in  the 
p.  M.  and  engaged. 

Sharpsburg,  September  17th.  The  battle  opened  with 
an  advance  by  the  Federal  right.  The  regular  brigade 
of  Robt.  C.  Buchanan,  Maryland,  reenforced  A.  Pleasan- 
ton,  who  had  crossed  some  cavalry  and  batteries  over 
Boonsboro  bridge.  They  felt  the  Confederate  line  heav 
ily.  Confederates  were  pushed  back  to  the  wood  around 
Dunker  church.  French,  commanding  a  division,  fought 
in  the  center  at  the  sunken  road,  or  bloody  lane.  He  at 
tacked,  and  after  fierce  fighting  drove  the  Confederates 
from  about  the  Roulette  and  Clipp  farm  buildings.  The 
Confederates  were  pressed  slowly  back  by  his  and  another 
division  till  they  lost  the  sunken  road.  French  took  some 
prisoners.  He  made  a  second  advance  to  help  relieve  the 
right.  He  performed  valiant  and  useful  service.  New 
ton,  Virginia;  Tidball,  Virginia,  and  A.  Pleasanton  were 
brave  and  efficient.  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  commanded  the 
artillery  reserve  of  the  5th  corps.  John  Buford,  Jr.,  Ken 
tucky  ;  Sol.  Meredith,  North  Carolina ;  W.  A.  Gorman, 
Kentucky;  Getty;  Carr  B.  White,  Kentucky;  Wm.  M. 
Graham,  District  of  Columbia;  H.  G.  Gibson,  Maryland; 
Wm.  Harrow,  Kentucky;  C.  M.  Prevost,  Maryland,  and 
B.  F.  Davis,  Alabama,  were  engaged. 

Federals  evacuated  Cumberland  Gap  the  night  of  Sep 
tember  17th.  It  appeared  there  was  no  chance  of  escape, 
but  the  topographical  engineer  had  been  geologist  of  Ken 
tucky,  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  country,  and  con 
ducted  the  retreat  through  eastern  Kentucky  to  the  Ohio 
River.  The  command  was  made  up  of  Kentucky  and  Ten 
nessee  regiments.  S.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee;  J.  G.  Spears, 
Tennessee,  and  D.  W.  Lindsey,  Kentucky,  held  commands. 

O.  McK.  Mitchel,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  De- 


108      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

partment  of  the  South  and  10th  corps,  September  17th 
to  October  30th,  1862. 

Chas.  Steedman,  South  Carolina,  silenced  batteries  of 
St.  John's  Bluff,  Fla.,  September  17th. 

Lee  remained  in  line  at  Sharpsburg  the  18th  and  crossed 
to  the  west  side  of  the  Potomac  that  night. 

September  18th  Ord  was  advanced  to  within  six  miles  of 
luka. 

The  Confederates  evacuated  Harper's  Ferry  September 
19th. 

September  19th  Confederates  attacked  Owensboro,  Ky., 
and  were  repulsed. 

Battle  of  luka,  September  19th.  Price's  pickets  were 
driven  in  by  the  Federal  advance  at  2  p.  M.  The  Confed 
erates  gained  ground  during  the  day,  but  withdrew  near 
morning.  Jas.  S.  Jackson,  Kentucky,  was  engaged. 

Actions  at  Shepherdstown  Ford,  Blackf  ord's  or  Boteler's 
Ford,  Va.,  September  19th  to  21st.  The  Federals  who 
had  crossed  to  the  Virginia  side  were  driven  back  across  the 
Potomac.  A.  Pleasanton  and  Tidball  were  engaged. 

luka,  September  20th.  Ord,  Maryland,  was  ordered  in 
the  morning  to  push  forward.  He  had  been  ordered  to 
await  battle  from  the  south,  and  it  was  not  known  the  day 
before  that  battle  had  been  waged  by  the  other  Federal 
body  from  the  south.  Ord  entered  luka  that  day. 

Thomas  joined  the  main  army  with  his  divisions  Septem 
ber  20th. 

Bragg  had  been  directly  between  the  Army  of  the  Ohio 
and  Louisville.  He  got  out  of  the  way,  and  moved  north 
east  to  Bardstown,  and  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  moved  for 
Louisville  September  22d.  The  leading  column  reached 
Louisville  the  25th. 

Price  effected  a  junction  with  Van  Dorii  at  Ripley  Sep 
tember  28th. 

The  last  of  the  Federal  army  reached  Louisville  Sep 
tember  29th.  Thomas  received  the  appointment  that  day 
to  command  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  and  declined  it.  He 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     109 

was  made  second  in  command  next  day.  After  reaching 
Louisville  the  army  was  formed  into  three  corps,  and  T.  L. 
Crittenden,  Kentucky,  was  given  command  of  one  of  them. 

Action  near  Newtonia,  Mo.,  September  30th.  The  Fed 
erals  were  driven  back.  Geo.  H.  Hall,  Virginia,  hearing 
artillery  firing,  hastily  marched  to  the  battlefield.  The 
Federals  were  retreating.  He  broke  the  Confederate  pur 
suit. 

J.  J.  Abercrombie,  Tennessee,  in  defense  of  Washington, 
was  in  command  of  works  about  Chain  Bridge,  September, 
1862,  to  April,  1863. 

W.  H.  Emory,  Maryland,  organized  an  infantry  division 
at  Baltimore  in  October  and  November,  1862. 

October  1st  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  commenced  its  march 
from  Louisville  upon  Bragg  at  Bardstown.  Bragg  and 
Kirby  Smith  had  not  united,  and  a  force  was  sent  to  hold 
Smith.  Thomas  was  instructed  to  move  with  Crittenden's 
corps,  on  the  Lebanon  and  Danville  road. 

St.  John's  River  Expedition.  A  combined  army  force 
under  J.  M.  Brannan,  District  of  Columbia,  and  navy  force 
under  Chas.  Steedman,  South  Carolina,  sailed  from  Hilton 
Head  October  1st.  They  opened  fire  on  Confederate  forti 
fications  at  St.  John's  Bluff  the  2d  and  reduced  them  on 
the  3d. 

Hurlbut  telegraphed  information  to  the  Army  at  Corinth, 
Miss.,  October  2d  that  Van  Dorn  and  Price  were  at  Poca- 
hontas. 

The  troops  from  Cumberland  Gap  reached  the  Ohio 
River  at  Greenupsburg  October  3d.  They  embarked  for 
Vicksburg  during  the  fall. 

Expedition  against  Franklin,  on  Blackwater  River,  Vir 
ginia,  under  command  of  C.  W.  Flusser,  Maryland,  three 
vessels,  October  3d.  His  vessel,  Commodore  Perry,  fired 
on  by  soldiers,  ran  ashore.  He  fought  hard  and  shelled 
Franklin. 

Battle  of  Corinth,  Miss.,  October  3d  and  4th,  1862.  A 
Federal  brigade  was  sent  to  the  northwest,  which  was  at- 


110      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

tacked  and  fell  back.  R.  J.  Oglesby,  Kentucky,  was  the 
first  to  receive  the  Confederate  attack.  He  was  fairly 
formed  to  meet  it,  despite  the  suddenness.  He  was  des 
perately  wounded.  The  Federals  occupied  their  inner  line 
of  fortifications  at  the  close  of  the  day. 

Corinth,  October  4th, —  a  severe  battle.  The  Confed 
erates  carried  some  of  the  intrenchments,  but  were  forced 
back  and  retreated  west. 

Newtonia.  The  Confederates  retreated  October  4th 
without  accepting  battle,  the  Federals  having  been  ree'n- 
forced.  The  Confederates  retired  into  northwestern  Ar 
kansas  after  this.  Federals  entered  Arkansas.  Afterward 
they  followed  Cooper,  Confederate,  into  .the  Indian  Terri 
tory. 

October  4th,  Hawes  was  installed  as  Confederate  provi 
sional  governor  of  Kentucky  at  Frankfort,  the  army  pro 
tecting.  Bragg  had  been  disappointed  at  not  receiving 
Kentucky  accessions. 

Combat  of  Hatchie  Bridge,  October  5th.  S.  A.  Hurl- 
but,  South  Carolina,  came  south  from  Bolivar,  led  the  pur 
suit  of  Van  Dorn,  and  met  him  at  Hatchie  Bridge,  striking 
the  head  of  the  column  and  intercepting  the  retreat.  Ord, 
arriving  from  Jackson,  Tenn.,  assumed  command,  and 
drove  back  troops  that  had  crossed  the  bridge.  He  was 
wounded  severely  and  the  command  devolved  on  Hurlbut. 
The  Confederates  continued  their  retreat  by  another  road. 

St.  John's  River  Expedition.  Steedman,  with  Brannan's 
cooperation,  captured  a  battery  at  St.  John's  Bluff  Octo 
ber  5th,  and  made  a  demonstration  with  gunboats  200  miles 
up  St.  John's  River.  They  had  caused  the  Confederates 
to  evacuate  Jacksonville.  Steedman  held  the  St.  John's 
River  to  Lake  Beaufort. 

The  Confederates  evacuated  Lexington  October  7th. 

Farragut  sent  an  expedition  which  took  possession  of 
Galveston  October  8th.  John  Guest,  Missouri,  commanded 
the  Owosco  at  the  capture  of  the  forts  at  Galveston. 

Battle  of  Perry ville  or  Chaplin  Hills,  Ky.,  October  8th. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      111 

Jas.  S.  Jackson,  Kentucky,  with  raw  troops,  held  the  left 
flank ;  Rousseau,  Kentucky,  was  next.  Rousseau  moved 
his  right  forward  a  half  mile  for  water.  Confederates  ap 
peared  and  Rousseau  brought  up  his  other  two  brigades. 
There  was  artillery  firing.  After  2  p.  M.  the  Confederates 
attacked,  and  J.  S.  Jackson  was  killed  at  the  first  fire  while 
leading  his  men.  The  Federal  left  was  turned  and  the  line 
gave  way.  The  Confederates  were  checked  later.  Rous 
seau  repulsed  strong  attacks.  He  was  finally  forced  back. 
The  Confederate  line  advanced  nearly  a  mile.  The  battle 
was  fought  mostly  by  Rousseau's  and  Jackson's  divisions. 
W.  R.  Terrill,  Virginia,  showed  bravery.  He  was  killed 
in  a  rear  position  while  urging  forward  his  brigade.  Both 
the  left  and  right  flanks  of  the  corps  were  turned.  Rous 
seau  was  resourceful.  When  the  right  was  turned  he  had 
a  battery  of  six  guns  stop  the  advance.  His  intrepidity 
was  recognized.  A  brigade  of  T.  J.  Wood's  division,  Crit- 
tenden's  corps,  did  good  service.  S.  S.  Fry,  E.  H.  Hob- 
son,  Durbin  Ward  and  Eli  Long,  all  of  Kentucky,  were 
engaged.  Curran  Pope,  Kentucky,  commanding  a  brigade, 
was  mortally  wounded. 

Lawrenceburg,  Ky.,  October  8th  and  9th.  A  portion  of 
Kirby  Smith's  army  did  some  fighting.  On  the  9th  Bragg 
marched  to  unite  with  Smith,  and  then  remained  eight  miles 
from  Perryville  for  two  days.  Bragg  commenced  a  retro 
grade  movement,  and,  at  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  October  llth, 
his  rear-guard  was  attacked,  and  he  lost  1,200  men,  mostly 
sick  and  wounded. 

At  Stanford,  Ky.,  October  13th,  T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky, 
engaged  Confederate  artillery  and  cavalry,  and  pursued  the 
Confederates. 

The  Army  of  the  Ohio  followed  Bragg  as  far  as  London, 
Ky.,  and  then  turned  toward  middle  Kentucky.  Thomas 
was  left  in  chief  command  with  the  army.  He  conducted 
it  toward  Bowling  Green  and  Glasgow,  under  orders. 

October  21st,  Confederates  near  Nashville  were  attacked 
and  driven. 


112      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

J.  A.  McClernand,  Kentucky,  was  authorized  October 
21st  to  raise  and  organize  troops  to  aid  him  in  an  expedi 
tion  against  Vicksburg  and  to  open  the  Mississippi  River 
to  New  Orleans.  He  concentrated  troops  at  Memphis. 
The  plan  was  for  him  to  move  south  and  another  army 
was  to  move  up  from  New  Orleans,  and  the  two  were  to  be 
combined. 

St.  John's  River  Expedition.  Action  of  Pocotaligo, 
October  24th.  J.  M.  Brannan,  District  of  Columbia,  com 
manding  the  land  force  in  the  expedition  to  St.  John's 
River,  defeated  the  Confederates  under  Walker,  and  drove 
them  to  Pocotaligo  bridge.  He  successfully  retreated  to 
Broad  River  before  a  large  force.  Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian 
Territory,  and  J.  R.  Hawley,  North  Carolina,  were  en 
gaged. 

October  30th  the  name  "  Army  of  the  Ohio  "  was  aban 
doned.  The  troops  of  the  Department  were  designated  as 
the  14th  army  corps.  This  name  soon  gave  place  to 
"  Army  of  the  Cumberland."  Thomas  was  charged  with 
keeping  open  the  line  of  railroad  communication  between 
Louisville  and  Nashville.  He  organized  cavalry  and  di 
rected  them  to  pursue  Morgan. 

Jacob  Ammen,  Virginia,  was  in  command  of  Covington, 
Ky.,  Camp  Denison,  O.,  and  Camp  Douglas,  111.,  October 
30th,  1862,  to  April  14th,  1863. 

Benj.  F.  Sands,  Maryland,  was  senior  officer  command 
ing  a  division  in  the  blockade  of  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  No 
vember,  1862,  to  February,  1865. 

Leaving  Grand  Junction  November  4th,  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee  advanced  toward  Holly  Springs.  McClernand 
was  concentrating  at  Memphis  a  large  force,  which  was  to 
move  by  the  river  and  cooperate  against  Vicksburg. 

Confederates  were  repulsed  at  Nashville,  November  5th. 
The  Federals  had  moved  quickly  enough  to  prevent  Bragg 
from  occupying  Nashville.  Bragg  moved  to  Murfreesboro. 

November  7th,  the  army  was  reorganized :  Thomas  was 
assigned  to  the  center  and  Crittenden  to  the  left  wing. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      113 

Part  of  the  army  reached  Nashville  November  9th. 
Crittenden  came  from  around  Glasgow. 

H.  K.  Davenport,  Georgia,  was  in  charge  of  the  North 
Carolina  sounds  November  10th. 

Fredericksburg  Campaign.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac 
began  its  march  November  15th  from  Warrenton  toward 
Fredericksburg.  There  was  an  artillery  duel  near  Fred 
ericksburg  the  17th.  Lee  reached  the  hills  around 
Fredericksburg  November  21st,  p.  M. 

Mississippi  expedition  sailed  from  New  York  for  New 
Orleans  December  4th— 6th. 

Prairie  Grove,  Ark.,  December  7th.  Hindman  had 
marched  against  the  Federals.  Troops  were  coming  from 
the  north  by  the  Fayetteville  road  to  reenforce  the  Fed 
erals.  Hindman  kept  dismounted  cavalry  in  front  of  the 
Federal  line,  skirmishing,  while  he  moved  along  the  Fay 
etteville  road  against  the  advancing  force,  past  the  Federal 
flank.  This  force  wished  to  cross  the  creek,  but  the  ford 
was  commanded  by  Confederate  artillery.  John  C.  Black, 
Mississippi,  and  another  command  and  artillery  were  moved 
on  the  right  by  a  road  cut  through  the  timber  and  crossed 
Illinois  Creek  there  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  Confed 
erates,  cause  them  to  remove  some  of  the  artillery  bearing 
upon  the  regular  ford,  and  enable  the  main  force  to  cross 
at  the  regular  ford.  Eighteen  guns  were,  in  consequence, 
gotten  across  the  creek.  Then  W.  W.  Orme,  District  of 
Columbia,  moved  forward  and  crossed  the  creek  at  the 
regular  ford,  under  a  heavy  fire  from  the  Confederate  ar 
tillery,  and  immediately  prepared  for  action.  His  artillery 
opened  fire  upon  the  Confederate  batteries  and  position. 
Orme  was  in  the  left  wing,  which  moved  forward.  He 
forced  his  opponents  back.  The  Confederates  advanced 
against  the  left.  Orme  so  placed  artillery  that  the  Con 
federates  were  driven  back.  His  infantry  forced  them 
further  back.  His  troops  were  afterward  forced  back  with 
loss.  Black  and  others  were  brought  to  their  assistance 
and  charged.  Black,  with  bravery,  captured  a  battery, 


11 4      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

being  severely  wounded.  Orme  led  his  troops  in  person 
and  succeeded  in  checking  and  driving  back  the  advancing 
line.  But  the  Confederates  pushed  them  again.  They 
were  aided  with  reinforcements  while  retreating,  but  were 
forced  back.  Hindman  countercharged,  but  Orme's  and 
other  guns  stopped  his  troops.  About  2  o'clock  the  other 
Federal  body  approached.  Federal  cavalry  had  threat 
ened  Hindman's  train,  causing  him  to  detach  a  division  to 
protect  it. 

On  the  Federal  right  wing,  the  opposing  forces  advanced 
and  met.  The  Confederates  were  forced  back  there,  then 
the  Federals.  The  Confederates  were  checked  with  artillery 
brought  forward  and  forced  back.  Federal  infantry  there 
advanced  repeatedly,  but  could  not  pass  the  summit  of  the 
hill,  on  account  of  the  deadly  musketry  fire.  The  Federals 
advanced  again  at  twilight,  and  Frost,  Confederate,  com 
menced  moving  rapidly  around  the  Federal  right  flank. 
The  Federals  fell  back  within  range  of  their  guns,  which 
drove  the  Confederates  with  grape  and  cannister.  The 
Confederates  commenced  to  withdraw  about  midnight. 
The  Federal  army  was  largely  southern.  After  the  battle, 
the  Confederates  fell  back,  reaching  Little  Rock  near  the 
middle  of  January. 

Expedition  against  Vicksburg  from  Memphis,  Decem 
ber,  1862.  Walke,  Virginia,  was  sent  ahead  with  six 
vessels  to  clear  the  Yazoo  River  and  cover  the  landing  of 
the  army.  This  was  wrell  performed. 

December  llth  and  12th  Walke  made  expeditions  up  the 
Yazoo  River  to  destroy  batteries,  in  preparation  for  the 
assault  upon  Chickasaw  Bluffs.  He  sent  tin-clads  to  de 
stroy  the  torpedoes.  December  12th  gunboats  were  sent. 
One  wras  blown  up  and  later  the  whole  fleet  worked  there. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  bombarded  Fredericksburg 
December  llth.  The  work  of  constructing  bridges  was 
delayed  by  the  fire  of  Confederates  from  near  the  edge  of 
Fredericksburg.  December  llth  and  12th  were  spent  in 
crossing  the  river. 


FIGHTING  Bt  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      115 

Battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December  13th,  1862. 
The  Federal  left  moved  to  the  attack  at  8 :30  A.  M. 
Troops  pressed  through  a  gap  between  two  Confederate 
brigades.  They  stopped  at  the  second  line,  and  were 
struck  also  on  the  flanks  in  retiring.  Some  of  the  troops 
of  D.  B.  Birney's  division  were  thrown  forward  in  sup 
port,  but  were  also  overpowered.  However,  the  arrival 
of  his  division  at  the  crisis  during  the  Confederate  pur 
suit  gave  it  a  chance  to  occupy  the  line  of  battle,  and 
materially  aided  in  saving  a  threatened  battery,  the  Con 
federates  faced  by  it  falling  back  to  their  line. 

The  army  made  successive  vain  attempts  against  the 
Confederate  left  center,  French's  division  participating. 
He  made  the  first  attack  on  Marye's  Heights.  Getty  was 
in  the  attack  there  later.  Getty  and  Newton  commanded 
divisions  in  the  battle,  and  A.  Pleasanton  a  cavalry  division. 
Wm.  Birney,  Alabama,  was  wounded.  John  Buford,  Ken 
tucky,  was  conspicuous.  Robt.  C.  Buchanan,  Maryland; 
S.  S.  Carroll,  District  of  Columbia;  H.  G.  Gibson,  Mary 
land;  Win.  Hays,  Virginia;  Gabriel  R.  Paul,  Missouri; 
J.  C.  Tidball,  Virginia ;  Kenner  Garrard,  Kentucky ;  and 
Sol.  Meredith,  North  Carolina,  were  engaged.  D.  R. 
Ransom,  North  Carolina,  was  brave  and  efficient.  Henry 
A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  was  valiant. 

Aaron  W.  Weaver,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  an  en 
gagement  with  Confederate  batteries  near  Port  Hudson, 
December  14th. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  recrossed  the  river  at  Fred 
ericksburg  the  night  of  December  15th. 

Under  date  of  December  18th,  1862,  McClcrnand  was 
put  in  command  of  the  13th  corps  and  Hurlbut  of  the 
16th. 

Vicksburg  Campaign  of  1862.  An  army  moved  down 
the  Mississippi  from  Memphis  against  Vicksburg  December 
20th.  Van  Dorn  captured  Holly  Springs,  Miss.,  and  the 
supplies  of  the  West  Tennessee  Army  there  December  20th. 
Forrest  raided  into  west  Tennessee,  breaking  its  communi- 


116      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

cations.     These   prevented   that   army   from   cooperating 
with  the  other  against  Vicksburg. 

December  21st  S.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee,  with  T.  T. 
Garrard,  Kentucky,  and  three  cavalry  regiments,  made  his 
way  from  Lebanon,  Ky.,  through  the  Cumberland  Moun 
tains  into  southwest  Virginia  and  Tennessee  destroying 
railroad  tracks  down  toward  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  bridges 
on  the  Tennessee  &  Virginia  Railroad,  and  returned  to  Ken 
tucky  via  Jonesville,  Va.  This  was  an  important  raid, 
with  valuable  results.  It  afforded  relief  to  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland  when  pressed  at  Murfreesboro,  and  had  an 
inspiring  effect  upon  cavalry  commands. 

E.  H.  Hobson,  Kentucky,  attacked  Morgan  six  miles  from 
Munfordville. 

Action  of  Knob  Gap,  December  26th,  1862.  The  Fed 
erals  attacked  the  Confederates,  W.  E.  Woodruff,  Ken 
tucky,  participating. 

Murfreesboro  Campaign.  The  Army  of  the  Cumber 
land  started  from  Nashville  December  26th  toward  Mur 
freesboro. 

December  27th  Federal  troops  from  Prairie  Grove 
marched  on  Van  Buren,  Ark.  They  occupied  Van  Buren 
next  day  and  Hindman's  force  retreated.  After  the  cap 
ture  of  Van  Buren,  Marmaduke,  Confederate,  was  sent 
against  Springfield,  Mo.  C.  B.  Holland,  Tennessee,  com 
manding  enrolled  Missouri  militia  of  the  district,  took 
steps  to  collect  his  command  there. 

Vicksburg  Campaign.  Walke's  vessels,  cooperating, 
attacked  Haines'  Bluff,  a  little  north  of  Vicksburg,  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  Yazoo  River,  December  27th,  1862. 
Geo.  M.  Bache,  District  of  Columbia,  was  engaged.  The 
landing  of  the  army  at  Chickasaw  Bayou,  below,  was  cov 
ered  by  Walke's  gunboats. 

Battle  of  Chickasaw  Bluffs,  Johnston's  Landing,  Miss., 
December  28th  and  29th,  1862.  This  was  an  unsuccess 
ful  attack  against  Vicksburg.  At  Johnston's  Landing 
F.  P.  Blair,  Kentucky,  commanding  the  right,  led  the  way 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      117 

across  the  Bayou.  His  brigade  was  prominent  in  the  as 
sault.  After  crossing  the  Bayou,  it  reached  the  foot  of 
the  hills  and  took  two  lines  of  rifle  pits.  Blair  fought 
hard  to  gain  the  crest.  He  lost  one-third  of  his  brigade. 
Jas.  A.  Williamson,  Kentucky,  led  a  brigade  assault 
against  a  strong  force  well  intrenched,  and  held  his 
ground  when  all  support  had  been  withdrawn.  He  was 
seriously  wounded.  S.  G.  Burbridge,  Kentucky,  and  W. 
J.  Landram,  Kentucky,  commanded  brigades.  Thos.  C. 
Fletcher,  Missouri,  was  wounded,  and  D.  W.  Lindsey,  Ken 
tucky,  wras  under  fire.  After  the  battle,  the  army  was  re- 
embarked  and  taken  back  to  Milliken's  Bend. 

Murfreesboro  Campaign.  Wheeler  raided  entirely 
around  the  Federal  army,  starting  the  night  of  Decem 
ber  29th.  S.  S.  Fry,  Kentucky,  commanded  a  division 
protecting  communications  at  the  time  of  the  battle. 
December  30th  a  brigade  crossed  the  river,  leading  the 
movement  to  occupy  Murfreesboro  with  a  division.  T.  J. 
Wood,  Kentucky,  received  information  through  prisoners 
that  Breckenridge's  corps  was  present.  Wood  and  Palmer, 
Kentucky,  thought  the  brigade  should  be  recalled.  T. 
L.  Crittenden,  Kentucky,  agreed  with  them,  and  suspended 
the  movement.  The  brigade  was  recalled  from  a  perilous 
situation. 

December  31st  the  act  for  the  admission  of  West  Vir 
ginia  as  a  State  was  approved  by  President  Lincoln.  It 
was  afterward  ratified  by  a  convention  and  by  the  people 
of  that  region. 

Battle  of  Murfreesboro,  December  31st-Jan.  3d. 
Bragg  moved  against  the  Federal  right.  A  movement 
was  started  against  the  Confederate  right.  Bragg  struck 
the  right  flank.  Before  the  news  had  reached  the  Fed 
eral  left,  Crittenden's  corps,  a  division  there  had  crossed 
the  river.  T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  had  withdrawn  two 
brigades  to  follow.  Palmer,  next  down  the  line,  had  made 
a  slight  advance  early  in  the  morning.  Next  in  line  was 
one  division  of  Thomas'  corps,  with  the  other,  Rousseau's, 


118     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

behind  it.  Then  came  the  right  wing  —  two  divisions  in 
line,  with  R.  W.  Johnson's,  fortunately,  behind.  At  early 
morn  Bragg  struck  the  right  flank  heavily.  The  end 
brigades  in  line  were  quickly  broken.  R.  W.  Johnson, 
Kentucky,  had  taken  all  precautions  against  surprise.  At 
6:22  his  outposts  were  driven  in  and  cavalry  attacked  his 
extreme  right.  He  formed  and  made  a  slight  advance. 
The  Confederates,  working  to  the  rear  of  the  line,  struck 
him.  He  ordered  up  his  reserve  brigade.  All  were  com 
pelled  to  fall  back,  outnumbered  greatly  and  flanked. 
The  line  brigade  of  W.  E.  Woodruff,  Kentucky,  received 
the  attack  with  veteran  courage. 

In  the  second  stage  of  the  battle,  Woodruff  was  among 
those  attacked  and  aided  in  repulsing  a  Confederate  at 
tack.  A  second  attack  was  repulsed.  A  third  Confed 
erate  attack  was  successful.  Woodruff's  was  the  last  bri 
gade  of  his  division  to  go.  He  retreated  through  the 
woods,  then  turned,  and  charged  the  pursuing  Confed 
erates  with  such  vim  that  he  regained  his  former  position, 
but,  being  unsupported,  could  not  hold  it.  The  right  wing 
was  driven  to  the  rear  of  Thomas,  holding  the  center. 
After  the  right  was  turned,  the  left  was  recalled  from  its 
movement  against  the  Confederate  right. 

Third  stage.  When  Thomas  perceived  that  the  di 
vision  immediately  on  his  right  had  changed  position  with 
ominous  portent,  he  ordered  Rousseau  to  move  two  bri 
gades  to  its  right  and  rear.  Its  right  flank,  though  ex 
tending  far  back,  was  exposed.  Hardee  was  moving  to 
take  Thomas  in  reverse.  The  Confederates  were  also  mov 
ing  against  his  right  flank  and  front.  Rousseau's  move 
checked  the  advance  of  the  Confederates.  A  heavy  con 
flict  ensued.  Rousseau  fought  bravely  and  well.  Wood 
ruff,  and  a  portion  of  R.  W.  Johnson's  division,  fell  back 
to  the  right  of  Rousseau's  division.  Johnson  won  merit. 
Thomas  repulsed  the  first  attacks  against  him.  The 
further  break  of  the  division  now  between  Thomas'  two 
divisions  made  a  gap  between  Rousseau  and  his  other  di- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     119 

vision,  into  which  the  Confederates  rushed.  The  flanks 
of  both  were  in  the  air,  and  soon  both  were  nearly  sur 
rounded.  Thomas  ordered  two  brigades  of  the  line 
division  to  fall  back.  Rousseau  led  his  reserves  to  the  front 
and  sent  a  battalion  of  regulars  to  the  assistance  of  the 
other  division,  which  had  recoiled.  Crittenden's  early  for 
ward  movement  on  the  left  had  kept  Breckenridge  from 
adding  to  the  mass  attack  which  was  so  disastrously  bear 
ing  back  the  Federal  right  and  center.  Saml.  W.  Price, 
Kentucky,  commanding  a  brigade  in  Crittenden's  corps, 
was  ordered  to  hold  the  ford,  and  impressed  that  it  must 
be  done  to  the  very  last,  to  prevent  the  Confederates  from 
flanking  the  Federal  left.  A  new  disposition  had  been 
made  of  all  troops  not  on  the  battle  front.  Thomas  re 
ceived  reinforcements  from  Crittenden.  Thomas'  two  di 
visions,  and  Palmer,  the  southernmost  of  Crittenden's 
divisions,  were  compelled  to  fight  in  all  directions.  After 
hard  fighting,  the  three  divisions  were  firmly  connected. 
Thomas  selected  a  new  temporary  and  a  new  permanent 
line.  He  ordered  his  divisions  to  withdraw  to  form  the 
new  line.  He  first  directed  that  a  new  line  should  be 
taken  running  along  a  depression  in  the  open  ground  in 
rear  of  the  cedar  woods,  to  be  held  until  the  artillery  could 
be  retired  to  high  ground  near  the  Nashville  turnpike 
selected  for  the  new  permanent  line.  He  massed  the  ar 
tillery  on  the  heights.  Rousseau  withdrew  under  a  heavy 
fire  to  the  depression,  asking  the  commander  of  the  division 
of  Crittenden's  corps  which  had  returned  from  across  the 
river  to  move  the  division  to  his  right.  The  Confederates 
came  on,  and  much  credit  is  due  to  Rousseau  in  the  check 
ing  of  them,  giving  time  for  the  formation  of  the  new  line 
on  the  high  ground.  He  charged  desperately,  hurling  the 
Confederates  back  into  the  cedars.  Four  assaults  had 
been  made  on  his  position.  The  attack  from  the  front 
and  flank  struck  Palmer,  Kentucky,  with  great  fury.  He 
was  so  nearly  enveloped  that  the  reserve  changed  front 
to  the  rear.  Part  of  his  division  which  broke  away  fought 


120      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

its  way  to  the  new  line  on  the  high  ground.  Crittenden's 
troops  were  aligned  and  reenforced  the  troops  on  the  new 
line.  The  stout  defense  of  Thomas  had  enabled  the  right 
wing  to  partly  reorganize  and  take  place  on  the  high  line. 
Bragg  now,  while  continuing  up  to  the  left  wing,  made 
dispositions  to  turn  that  also.  Breckenridge  crossed  the 
river.  Thos.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  made  dispositions  to 
meet  the  attack,  placing  batteries  to  fight  the  Confederate 
batteries  across  the  river.  The  "  Round  Forest,"  high 
wooded  ground  at  the  railroad,  was  the  objective  of  the 
Confederates  as  the  key-point.  They  made  repeated  at 
tacks  on  it.  Crittenden,  with  his  division  commanders, 
bent  his  energies  to  throw  together  troops  and  batteries 
enough  to  hold  the  point.  Wood  held  the  extreme  left. 
He  helped  well,  though  wounded  in  the  foot  at  10  A.  M. 
He  and  Palmer  managed  their  commands  with  judgment, 
skill  and  courage  in  the  crisis.  Hardee  was  now  forced  to 
take  the  defensive,  Crittenden's  other  division  and  Rous 
seau  contributing  largely  to  that  result.  The  Confed 
erate  attack  against  the  Federal  left  was  repulsed. 
Palmer  was  seriously  beset  and  received  several  supports 
from  Wood.  Kentucky  troops  here  were  hotly  engaged. 
Missouri  troops  performed  valuable  service.  Brecken 
ridge,  with  four  brigades,  assailed  the  Federal  left  at  the 
Round  Forest.  About  the  whole  of  the  Federal  line  was 
at  right  angles  to  its  original  line  and  curved  back. 
Palmer  and  Wood  managed  to  withstand  assaults.  Palmer 
withstood  terrific  assaults  in  the  final  position.  Critten 
den's  corps  maintained  its  position.  Thomas  had  helped 
form  the  line.  Crittenden  rode  at  the  head  of  his  troops 
for  hours,  and  was  under  deadly  fire.  Confederate  cavalry 
during  the  day  passed  entirely  around  the  Federal  army, 
striking  at  the  trains.  The  deeds  of  Thomas,  Crittenden, 
Rousseau,  Palmer  and  Wood  this  day  were  heroic.  After 
the  day  closed  Thomas  and  Crittenden  were  against  re 
treat.  E.  H.  Murray,  Kentucky,  fought  bravely,  com 
manding  cavalry,  when  the  Confederates  got  in  the  Fed- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

eral  rear.  That  Thomas,  with  the  third  of  the  army  to 
his  right  gone  from  its  place,  and  with  the  accumulated 
mass  of  the  Confederate  army  pressing  on  at  flank  and 
rear,  and  assailing  the  front,  remained  intrepid  and  so 
handled  troops  that  a  line  opposed  Bragg  at  the  close  of 
the  day,  stamped  him  with  honor. 

Murfreesboro.  There  was  little  fighting  January  1st. 
In  the  afternoon  Crittenden  moved  troops  across  the  river 
and  formed  battle  line  against  Breckenridge.  Confed 
erate  cavalry  operated  in  the  Federal  rear. 

Galveston,  Texas,  January  1st.  Magruder,  Confed 
erate,  with  ordinary  river  boats  and  troops,  defeated  the 
Federal  vessels,  sunk  the  gunboat  Westfield,  captured  gun 
boat  Harriet  Lane  and  the  small  land  force,  and  received 
the  surrender  of  Galveston.  Farragut  reestablished  the 
blockade  before  the  Harriet  Lane  could  be  converted  into 
a  Confederate  cruiser.  From  January,  1863,  Farragut 
was  employed,  in  conjunction  with  the  army,  in  forcing  a 
way  into  the  interior  of  Louisiana.  T.  A.  Jenkins,  Vir 
ginia,  on  the  Hartford  was  fleet  captain  of  the  West  Gulf 
Blockading  Squadron. 

Murfreesboro,  January  &d.  At  3  p.  M.  the  Confed 
erates  advanced  against  the  Federals  who  had  crossed  to 
the  east  side  of  Stone  River.  They  broke  the  lines  of  S. 
W.  Price,  Kentucky,  and  others  and  followed  to  the  river. 
T.  L.  Crittenden,  Kentucky,  to  cover  the  retreat,  appealed 
to  his  chief  of  artillery,  and  58  guns  were  effectively 
massed  against  the  victors.  Musketry  also  played  on 
them.  Seven  regiments  from  Thomas'  corps  crossed  the 
river  after  the  Confederate  advance  was  stopped,  charged, 
pursued  the  retiring  Confederates,  and  the  position  was  re 
taken.  The  Federals  intrenched  a  line  on  that  side  of  the 
river. 

Murfreesboro.  There  was  little  fighting  January  3d. 
At  6  P.  M.  Thomas  threw  forward  two  brigades,  one  un 
der  J.  G.  Spears,  Tennessee,  and  drove  the  Confederates 
from  the  woods  in  their  front  and  the  intrenchments  be- 


122      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

yond.  Following  this  spirited  attack,  Bragg,  with  his  po 
sition  endangered,  withdrew  during  the  night.  He  fell 
back  behind  Duck  River  at  Manchester,  Tullahoma  and 
Shelbyville. 

During  the  battles  of  Murfreesboro,  Thomas  gave  val 
uable  council.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  was  skillful.  Eli  Long, 
Kentucky,  was  wounded.  W.  C.  Whittaker,  Kentucky, 
and  Durbin  Ward,  Kentucky,  were  engaged.  S.  S.  Fry, 
Kentucky,  commanded  a  division  protecting  communica 
tions  at  the  time  of  the  battle. 

J.  A.  McClernand,  Kentucky,  arrived  at  Milliken's  Bend 
January  3d,  1863,  and  assumed  command  next  day, 
naming  the  army  "  Army  of  the  Mississippi."  On  that 
day  he  embarked  the  army,  32,000  men,  accompanied  by  a 
fleet  of  3  iron-clads  and  6  gunboats,  in  an  expedition  up 
the  Arkansas  River  against  Arkansas  Post,  Ark. 

Action  of  Springfield,  Mo.,  January  7th  and  8th,  1863. 
Marmaduke,  Confederate,  made  the  attack,  which  was  re 
pulsed.  The  Federal  troops  were  largely  Missourians. 
Geo.  H.  Hall,  Virginia,  was  ordered  with  cavalry  out  to 
meet  Marmaduke's  advance.  He  engaged  the  Confeder 
ates,  then  retired  to  the  Federal  line.  Upon  Shelby's  ad 
vance,  Hall  made  a  sortie.  He  helped  repulse  an  attack 
on  the  Federal  right.  Marmaduke,  unsuccessful,  with 
drew  next  day. 

January  9th,  1863,  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  was 
organized  as  the  14th,  20th  and  21st  corps. 

Battle  of  Fort  Hindman,  Arkansas  Post,  Ark.,  January 
10th  and  llth,  1863.  McClernand  disembarked  his  army 
near  Arkansas  Post  January  10th.  Iron-clads  began  the 
attack,  Geo.  M.  Bache,  District  of  Columbia,  being  among 
those  engaged. 

Arkansas  Post,  January  llth.  The  Federal  attack  was 
renewed  by  both  army  and  fleet.  Chas.  R.  Ellet,  District 
of  Columbia,  in  the  Monarch  helped  cut  off  retreat  by 
the  ferry.  After  a  heavy  bombardment  of  nearly  four 
hours,  the  Confederates  surrendered.  S.  G.  Burbridge, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      123 

Kentucky,  led  the  charge  preceding  the  surrender.  His 
men  were  swarming  over  the  intrenchmcnts  when  the  white 
flag  was  raised.  Bache  silenced  guns.  Wm.  Vandever, 
Maryland,  was  conspicuous.  F.  P.  Blair,  Kentucky,  W. 
J.  Landram,  Kentucky,  and  D.  W.  Lindsey,  Kentucky, 
were  engaged.  McClernand  took  nearly  5,000  prisoners. 

The  Cincinnati,  commanded  by  Bache,  and  another  ves 
sel,  went  up  the  White  River  directly  after  this,  W.  A. 
Gorman,  Kentucky,  accompanying  with  troops  in  trans 
ports.  St.  Charles,  Ark.,  was  taken. 

Action  of  Hartsville,  Mo.,  January  llth,  1863.  Mar- 
maduke  attacked  and  gained  an  advantage  over  a  small 
Federal  command. 

"Mud  March"  against  Lee.  The  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac  marched  to  cross  the  river  a  few  miles  above  Fred- 
ericksburg,  January  20th  and  21st,  1863.  The  elements 
rendered  the  roads  practically  impassable  and  the  Army 
returned. 

The  Army  of  the  Mississippi  returned  to  Milliken's 
Bend,  and  was  employed  until  July  in  operations  against 
Vicksburg. 

January  31st,  1863,  Confederate  rams  Chicora  and 
Palmetto  State  slipped  out  of  Charleston  harbor  before 
day  and  attacked  the  blockading  vessels.  J.  M.  Frailey, 
Maryland,  commanding  the  Quaker  City,  was  among  those 
who  went  to  the  assistance  of  the  Keystone  State  when 
rendered  helpless  and  effected  a  rescue.  The  Quaker  City 
was  partly  disabled.  One  Federal  steamer  surrendered, 
and  the  others  steamed  out  of  range. 

Chas.  R.  Ellet,  District  of  Columbia,  in  the  ram  Queen 
of  the  West  ran  the  Vicksburg  batteries  the  night  of  Feb 
ruary  2d.  Cotton  bales,  designed  for  protection,  took 
fire  and  set  fire  to  the  vessel.  The  cotton  was  thrown 
overboard.  Ellet  went  south  to  the  Red  River.  He 
burnt  three  steamers;  returned,  and  captured  two. 

The  "  Army  of  Kentucky,"  about  14,000  men,  was  com 
bined  with  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  in  February,  1863. 


124      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

February  3d  the  Mississippi  River  levee  was  cut  at 
Yazoo  Pass,  giving  a  route  from  the  north  into  the  Yazoo 
River. 

Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian  Territory,  was  in  command  of  a 
light  brigade  in  the  expedition  to  Florida,  February  4th 
to  April  24th,  1863. 

A  secessionist  convention  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  was 
dispersed  by  Federals,  February  18th,  1863. 

Benj.  F.  Sands,  Maryland,  naval  officer,  was  in  an  en 
gagement  at  Fort  Caswell  February  23d. 

Henry  M.  Judah,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the 
District  of  Western  Kentucky,  February  25th  to  March 
1st,  1863. 

February  26th  the  Cherokee  national  council  repealed 
the  ordinance  of  secession. 

Suffolk,  Va.,  Campaign.  About  February  26th,  1863, 
Longstreet  was  detached  from  Lee's  army  and  placed  in 
command  of  the  Department  of  Virginia  and  North  Caro 
lina,  with  headquarters  at  Petersburg. 

Albert  M.  Powell,  Maryland,  was  Chief  of  Artillery  of 
the  17th  corps  from  February,  1863,  to  July,  1864. 

Percival  Drayton,  South  Carolina,  with  the  Passaic, 
Patapsco  and  Nahant,  engaged  Fort  McAllister,  in  the 
river  below  Savannah,  Ga.,  March  3d,  1863. 

Combat  of  Thompson's  Station,  Tenn.,  March  4th  and 
5th,  1863.  L.  D.  Watkins,  Florida,  was  engaged. 

Federals  took  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  March  10th,  1863. 

Yazoo  River  Expedition  from  the  North,  combined  mili 
tary  and  naval  force,  March  llth,  1863.  The  fleet  at 
tacked  Fort  Pemberton,  at  the  head  of  the  Yazoo  River, 
unsuccessfully.  Jas.  P.  Foster,  Kentucky,  commanded 
the  Chillicothe  in  the  expedition  down  the  Yazoo.  The 
Chillicothe  and  another  vessel  attacked  Fort  Pemberton  on 
three  different  days.  The  Chillicothe  was  damaged. 
The  command  of  the  expedition  devolved  latterly  upon 
Foster.  He  performed  valuable  services.  After  the  cut 
ting  of  the  levee,  while  the  rushing  waters  of  the  Missis- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

sippi  were  filling  up  a  channel  before  reaching  the  normal, 
the  Confederates  had  utilized  the  time  in  making  their  de 
fenses  on  the  Yazoo  strong. 

Port  Hudson,  La.,  March  13th  and  14th.  In  attack 
on  the  13th,  W.  H.  Emory,  with  one  division,  reached  the 
rear  of  Port  Hudson. 

Port  Hudson,  March  14th.  The  Federals  moved  to 
the  rear — 12,000  men.  Farragut  ran  the  batteries  that 
night  with  seven  of  his  vessels,  after  a  vigorous  engage 
ment,  the  Hartford  leading.  T.  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia, 
commanded  the  Hartford.  He  was  fleet  captain  and  Far- 
ragut's  chief  of  staff.  C.  R.  Ellet  commanded  the  Switzer 
land.  Farragut  reached  the  mouth  of  Red  River,  and 
blockaded  it  till  May  2d,  1863.  The  command  of  the 
Red  River  enabled  the  army  to  turn  Port  Hudson  from 
the  west  by  the  Atchafalaya  River. 

An  expedition  was  engaged  from  March  14th  to  27th 
in  the  attempt  to  reach  Sunflower  and  Yazoo  rivers  above 
Haines'  Bluff  via  Steele's  Bayou  and  Deer  Creek,  thereby 
to  avoid  the  Confederate  defenses  on  Haines'  Bluff  in  op 
erations  to  the  northeast  against  Vicksburg.  Bache  com 
manded  the  Cincinnati  in  this  expedition. 

Combat  of  New  Bern,  Defense  of  Fort  Anderson,  Neuse 
River,  opposite  New  Bern,  March  14th  and  15th.  Hill 
and  Pettigrew,  with  3,000  men  and  18  guns,  attacked. 
Henry  K.  Davenport,  Georgia,  commanding  gunboats,  suc 
cessfully  defended,  silencing  the  guns,  and  saving  the 
fort.  The  Hunchback  was  effective  and  the  skill  and 
vigor  of  naval  officer  W.  P.  McCann,  Kentucky,  were  im 
portant  aids. 

March  18th,  1863,  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
New  Jersey  passed  peace  resolutions. 

Thornton  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia,  engaged  batteries  at 
Grand  Gulf  March  19th.  He  engaged  batteries  at  War- 
renton  between  March  21st  and  28th. 

Passage  of  Vicksburg,  March  25th,  1863.  C.  R.  Ellet, 
District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the  Switzerland, 


126      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Jenkins  engaged  batteries  at  Grand  Gulf  March  30th. 

Combat  of  Button's  Hill,  or  Somerset,  March  30th. 
Saml.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee,  was  engaged.  The  Confed 
erates  retired  after  a  five-hours'  engagement. 

March  31st  Confederates  appeared  near  Washington, 
N.  C.  They  resorted  to  siege  methods  for  18  days.  H. 
K.  Davenport  sent  vessels  to  protect  it,  including  the 
Hunchback  under  McCann,  Kentucky. 

Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  was  employed  in  an  ex 
pedition  to  Port  Royal,  Va.,  in  April,  1863. 

David  G.  Farragut,  Tennessee,  with  the  Hartford,  T. 
A.  Jenkins,  Virginia;  Switzerland,  Chas.  R.  Ellet,  and 
Albatross,  engaged  and  passed  the  Grand  Gulf  batteries 
April  1st.  He  went  on  as  far  as  the  Red  River,  ravaged 
in  it,  and  destroyed  Confederate  gunboats. 

Battle  of  Charleston,  Bombardment  of  Forts  Sumter, 
Moultrie  and  Beauregard,  April  7th,  1863.  Dray  ton, 
South  Carolina,  with  the  Passalc,  was  second  in  line. 
Five  Federal  vessels  were  disabled.  The  Keokuk  sank 
next  morning  from  the  effects  of  the  battle.  John 
Rodgers,  Maryland,  commanded  the  Weehawken;  D.  McN. 
Fairfax,  Virginia,  Nantucket,  and  Thos.  Turner,  District 
of  Columbia,  New  Ironsides.  Turner  handled  his  vessel 
with  courage,  judgment  and  ability.  The  Federal  attack 
was  unsuccessful.  Turner  was  engaged  in  operations 
around  Charleston  till  August,  1863.  Ed.  Barrett, 
Louisiana,  assisted  in  the  blockade  of  Charleston. 

The  army  in  Louisiana  started  crossing  the  Mississippi 
River  April  9th,  and  marched  against  Dick  Taylor,  Con 
federate. 

Suffolk,  Va.,  Campaign,  Operations  on  the  Blackwater 
River.  Longstreet  advanced  April  llth  and  made  un 
successful  attempts  on  the  Federal  lines. 

Suffolk  Campaign,  Defense  of  the  Nansemond  River, 
April  12th-26th.  The  Confederates  made  a  sudden  move 
in  force  to  cross  the  Nansemond  River,  and  thereby  reach 
Suffolk  to  attack  the  Federal  force  there.  S.  P.  Lee,  Vir- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      127 

ginia,  commanding  the  North  Atlantic  Blockading  Squad 
ron,  hastily  moved  two  flotillas  to  hold  the  line  of  the 
river,  one  comprising  the  Stepping  Stones  and  seven  other 
gunboats  in  the  upper  Nansemond,  and  the  other  of  four 
gunboats  in  the  lower  waters.  G.  W.  Getty,  District  of 
Columbia,  commanded  troops. 

Combat  of  Fort  Bisland,  La.,  April  13th.  Emory, 
Maryland,  was  engaged. 

Emory's  division  and  another  were  moved  to  try  to  hold 
Taylor  in  position,  while  a  third  should  gain  his  rear. 
Taylor  fell  back  during  the  night  of  April  13th. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  in  the  raid  of  cavalry 
from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  toward  Richmond,  April 
13th  to  May  2d,  preliminary  to  the  Chancellorsville  cam 
paign. 

Combat  of  Irish  Bend  or  Indian  Ridge,  La.,  April  14th. 
Taylor  met  the  Federals  advancing  against  his  line  of  re 
treat  in  the  A.  M.,  and  attacked  them,  extricating  himself. 

April  14th,  the  Confederate  land  batteries  attacked 
Lee's  gunboats  in  the  Nansemond. 

Jacob  Ammen,  Virginia,  commanded  the  District  of 
Illinois,  April  14th  to  December  16th,  1863. 

The  Federal  army  started  south  from  north  of  Vicks- 
burg,  down  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi  River,  April 
15th.  The  fleet  bombarded  Vicksburg  that  night. 

Longstreet  menaced  Suffolk,  April  16th  to  30th. 

The  vessels,  with  transports,  passed  Vicksburg  south 
bound  the  night  of  April  16th,  Walke,  Virginia,  in  the 
Lafayette,  among  them.  He  passed  successfully  to 
Carthage,  La.,  ten  miles  below  Vicksburg,  where  was  en 
camped,  under  McClernand,  the  advance  division  of  the 
army. 

McClernand  marched  farther  down  to  Perkins  Land 
ing  ;  afterward,  to  Hard  Times  —  22  miles  below. 

An  important  cavalry  raid  down  Mississippi,  planned 
and  directed  by  S.  A.  Hurlbut,  South  Carolina,  was  in 
progress  from  April  17th  to  May  2d. 


128     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Hill's  Point,  Battery  Hugcr,  at  the  mouth  of  the  west 
branch  Nansemond  River,  April  19th.  The  upper  Nanse- 
mond  flotilla,  sent  by  S.  P.  Lee,  and  G.  W.  Getty,  District 
of  Columbia,  commanding  the  storming  column  of  300 
troops,  captured  the  battery.  They  captured  five  guns 
and  130  men.  Longstreet  was  attempting  to  surround 
Suffolk. 

The  army  in  Louisiana  occupied  Opelousas  April  20th. 
It  moved  on  Alexandria,  thence  returned,  crossing  the 
Mississippi  River  April  23d,  and  moved  to  the  rear  of 
Port  Hudson. 

April  20th  J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  made  a  successful 
raid,  destroying  railroad  track,  capturing  180  prisoners 
and  large  supplies,  and  returning  to  Murfreesboro  with 
out  loss.  He  had  4,000  infantry  and  2,600  cavalry. 

Horatio  G.  Gibson,  Maryland,  was  Chief  of  Artillery, 
Army  of  the  Ohio,  April  20th,  1863,  to  January  22d, 
1864. 

Six  transports  and  barges  passed  Vicksburg  the  night  of 
April  22d. 

April  22d  the  lower  Nansemond  flotilla  sent  by  S.  P.  Lee 
made  a  landing  expedition  to  Chuckatuck,  several  miles  in 
land. 

The  investment  of  Port  Hudson  was  completed  April 
26th.  By  blockading  the  mouth  of  the  Red  River,  Far- 
ragut  prevented  supplies  therefrom  from  reaching  Port 
Hudson  during  its  investment. 

Chancellorsville  Campaign.  Lee  was  posted  around 
Fredericksburg.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac  started  in  a 
flanking  movement  upon  his  left  and  rear.  The  second 
corps  marched  on  the  north  of  the  Rappahannock  River 
April  28th  for  Bank's  Ford,  four  miles  above  Fredericks- 
burg.  Part  of  the  army  crossed  the  Rappahannock  at 
Kelly's  Ford  that  day.  Sol.  Meredith,  North  Carolina, 
forced  the  crossing  of  the  Rappahannock. 

A  cavalry  raid  against  Lee's  railroad  communications 
started  on  the  29th,  crossing  the  Rappahannock.  John 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     129 

Buford,  Kentucky,  and  John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  par 
ticipated. 

A.  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  had  the  advance  in 
the  initial  march  to  Chancellorsville  the  29th,  with  a  small 
cavalry  force. 

Grand  Gulf,  Bald  Head,  Bombardment,  April  29th. 
The  fleet  engaged  the  batteries  but  did  not  silence  the 
guns.  H.  Walke,  Virginia,  commanded  the  2d  division  of 
the  fleet  in  the  attack  on  Point  of  Rocks.  He  attacked 
Bald  Head,  silencing  the  main  fort  on  Point  of  Rocks. 
John  H.  Russell,  Maryland,  naval  officer,  was  engaged. 
The  13th  corps,  McClernand,  Kentucky,  commanding,  was 
in  the  fleet  ready  to  seize  the  works  should  they  be  silenced. 
The  fleet,  with  McClernand,  passed  Grand  Gulf.  Walke 
remained  after  the  heavy  bombardment,  firing  till  night  to 
prevent  the  reoccupation  of  the  batteries. 

Engagement  at  Haines'  Bluff,  April  29th— May  1st. 
This  was  a  naval  demonstration  north  of  Vicksburg  dur 
ing  the  attack  on  Grand  Gulf.  F.  M.  Ramsay,  District 
of  Columbia,  commanding  the  Choctaw,  participated. 

McClernand  gained  information  of  a  good  landing  place 
at  Bruinsburg  and  road  thence  to  Port  Gibson.  The  army 
crossed  the  Mississippi  River  there  April  30th.  Mc 
Clernand  led  the  advance  from  the  river.  The  way  had 
been  found  for  the  army  from  Milliken's  Bend  by  way  of 
New  Carthage  to  a  point  on  the  Mississippi  opposite 
Bruinsburg  by  his  corps. 

Chancellorsville  Campaign.  Part  of  the  Federal  army 
arrived  at  Chancellorsville  April  30th.  The  6th  and  1st 
corps  crossed  the  Rappahannock  three  miles  below  Fred- 
ericksburg  the  same  day,  trying  to  hold  Lee  while  the 
main  body  at  Chancellorsville  should  come  down  on  his  left 
flank  and  rear.  Lee  left  a  force  to  face  that  below  Fred- 
ericksburg,  turned  west  and  marched  upon  Chancellors 
ville.  The  1st  corps  afterward  recrossed  the  river. 

Buffington  was  captured  by  D.  Hunter,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  the  latter  part  of  April. 


130      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Alex.  A.  Semmes,  District  of  Columbia,  naval  officer,  at 
tacked  the  batteries  of  Tampa,  Fla.,  in  April,  1863. 

J.  J.  Abercrombie,  Tennessee,  was  in  command  of  a 
division  at  Centreville  from  April  to  August,  1863. 

Battle  of  Port  Gibson,  Magnolia  Hills,  Miss.,  May  1st, 
1863.  McClernand,  Kentucky,  by  a  forced  march  reached 
Port  Gibson.  He  planned  the  battle  and  disposed  the 
forces  at  the  commencement  of  the  battle,  surprising  the 
Confederates.  His  corps  was  engaged  in  the  battle.  One 
Confederate  wing  was  outflanked  and  retreated,  the  other 
wing  following  before  sunset.  384  Confederates  were  cap 
tured.  The  evacuation  of  Port  Gibson  and  Grand  Gulf 
was  the  sequel.  Among  those  engaged  were  Wm.  P.  Ben- 
ton,  Maryland ;  Albert  M.  Powell,  Maryland ;  T.  T.  Gar- 
rard,  Kentucky ;  D.  W.  Lindsey,  Kentucky ;  W.  J.  Lan- 
dram,  Kentucky;  David  Shunk,  Maryland;  M.  F.  Force, 
District  of  Columbia,  and  John  D.  Stevenson,  Virginia. 

Monticello,  Ky.,  May  1st.  S.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee, 
with  5,000  men,  attacked  the  Confederates  under  Pegram, 
and  drove  them  from  the  field  with  heavy  loss. 

Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  was  in  an  expedition  to 
the  Northern  Neck  of  Virginia  in  May,  1863. 


CHAPTER  V 

CHANCELLORSVILLE  —  CHAMPION'S     HILL  —  BIG     BLACK 
RIVER  —  VICKSBURG  —  HOOVER'S   GAP  —  DONALDSONVILLE  — 
GETTYSBURG  —  HELENA  —  CHARLESTON. 

BATTLE  of  Chancellorsville,  Va.,  May  1st  to  4th,  1863. 
The  Army  of  the  Potomac  marched  east  of  Chancellors 
ville  a  few  miles  May  1st.  When  they  came  upon  Lee's 
advance,  they  returned  to  Chancellorsville.  Lee  struck 
some  of  the  retiring  troops  near  Chancellorsville  that  after 
noon. 

The  Federals  occupied  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  May  2d.  S. 
G.  Burbridge,  Kentucky,  was  among  the  first  to  enter  the 
place. 

Chancellorsville,  May  2d.  The  Federal  arrangement 
was  —  left,  5th  corps,  then  2d ;  center,  12th  and  Birney's 
division  of  the  3d;  right,  llth,  with  Pleasanton's  cavalry 
near.  Lee  assailed  the  Federal  left  with  cannon  and 
musketry  while  Jackson  marched  around  to  reach  the  Fed 
eral  right  flank.  When  Jackson  was  discovered  moving  to 
the  southwest  by  Catharine  Furnace,  A.  Pleasanton  was 
sent  to  observe.  He  placed  his  command  at  Hazel  Grove. 
D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  reported  a  continuous  movement 
of  Confederates  toward  the  Federal  right.  Having  a 
rifled  battery  open  on  Jackson  with  effect,  he  caused  the 
latter  to  withdraw  to  a  more  southerly  road,  Birney  taking 
possession  of  the  Catharine  Furnace  road.  Jackson 
marched  on,  leaving  a  rear-guard  to  sustain  any  attack. 
Birney,  ordered  to  advance,  struck  the  rear,  capturing  500. 
Lee  assaulted  with  artillery  and  infantry  on  the  Federal 
left  at  2:30  P.M.  The  12th  corps  had  advanced  in  the 
center  unsuccessfully.  About  5  :30  p.  M.  Jackson  reached 

131 


132      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

the  flank  and  rear  of  the  right  wing.  He  struck  and 
crushed  the  flank,  which  was  panic-stricken.  The  whole 
llth  corps  went  quickly.  Fugitives  came  pell-mell  upon 
the  rear  of  the  Federal  center.  Jackson  was  coming  rap 
idly  between  Birney  and  the  army.  An  attempt  was  made 
to  recall  Birney.  Alfred  Pleasanton,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  was  of  much  service  in  the  arresting  of  Jackson's 
further  progress.  He  faced  about  when  the  llth  corps 
passed  in  flight.  He  rapidly  moved  the  two  regiments  of 
cavalry  at  hand  and  a  battery  to  the  head  and  right  flank 
of  Jackson's  advancing  columns,  when,  making  a  cavalry 
charge  and  bringing  up  his  own  guns,  he  was  able  to  make 
some  impression.  The  cavalry  charged  into  the  woods, 
and  he  got  his  battery  of  horse  artillery  into  position. 
He  also  placed  six  more  guns  offered  him.  Three 
charges  against  his  guns  were  made  and  repelled  with 
great  slaughter.  In  front  of  these  batteries  Jackson  fell, 
and  they  swept  the  road  while  his  men  were  trying  to  bear 
him  to  the  rear.  Pleasanton  succeeded  in  getting  ten  more 
guns,  making  22  in  all.  He  thus  acted  with  effect  in  a 
condition  of  critical  peril.  Meantime,  French's  division 
of  the  2d  corps  was  moved  from  the  left  at  double-quick  to 
present  a  front  to  Jackson's  infantry,  the  brigade  of  Wm. 
Hays,  Virginia,  being  one  of  those  so  employed,  holding 
ground  vacated  by  the  retreating  llth  corps.  Pleasanton 
saved  Birney  from  being  cut  off.  Birney  arrived  at  Hazel 
Grove  between  9 :30  and  10  p.  M.  He  took  position  in 
front  of  the  artillery.  Before  midnight  Jackson's  men 
cut  Birney's  connection  with  the  rest  of  the  army,  but  he 
restored  it  with  a  column  attack,  charging  down  the  plank 
road,  using  the  bayonet,  driving  the  Confederates  back, 
and  recovering  part  of  the  lost  ground.  He  brought 
away  several  guns  which  had  been  abandoned.  Pleasanton 
cooperated  with  the  artillery.  When  troops  of  the  3d 
corps  fell  back,  French  and  another  division  of  the  2d 
corps  charged  the  Confederate  left,  which  somewhat  re- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     133 

lieved  the  3d  corps.  French,  Maryland,  was  valiant  and 
useful  this  day. 

May  2d,  the  three  cavalry  regiments  started  by  Hurlbut 
from  Tennessee,  having  passed  down  the  length  of  Missis 
sippi,  reached  Baton  Rouge,  La.  They  had  moved  in 
separate  bodies,  riding  600  miles,  destroying  railroad 
bridges  and  stores,  and  3,000  stand  of  arms.  They  brought 
into  Baton  Rouge  over  1,000  horses  and  many  head  of 
cattle.  This  achievement  was  of  service  to  the  army  op 
erating  against  Vicksburg. 

Grand  Gulf  was  occupied  by  the  Federals  May  3d. 
Walke,  Virginia,  fired  upon  the  batteries  at  the  time  of  the 
evacuation. 

Getty  made  a  reconnoissance  and  commanded  in  an  en 
gagement  on  the  Providence  Church  road  near  Suffolk, 
May  3d. 

Chancellorsville,  May  3d.  About  5  A.  M.  the  3d  corps 
began  to  retire  to  the  left  of  the  right  flank.  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart  commanded  in  place  of  Jackson,  and  attacked  early. 
His  attack  caught  the  3d  corps  in  motion,  D.  B.  Birney  in 
the  rear.  Pleasanton  had  40  guns  in  position.  They  did 
heavy  execution  against  Stuart.  The  3d  corps  was  forced 
back,  Stuart  took  Hazel  Grove,  placed  artillery,  enfiladed 
the  12th  corps  at  Fair  View  and  Chancellorsville,  and 
damaged  the  3d  corps  badly.  The  brigade  of  S.  S.  Car 
roll,  District  of  Columbia,  and  another  one  of  French's 
brigades,  attacked  Stuart's  flank  hard,  a  service  of  merit. 
Stuart  and  Lee  united.  The  Federals  were  driven  from 
the  field  and  took  a  new  position  to  the  north,  toward 
United  States  ford. 

Fredericksburg.  The  6th  corps,  east  of  Fredericks- 
burg,  striving  to  join  the  main  army  at  Chancellorsville, 
pressed  to  Fredericksburg  by  daylight.  The  division  of 
John  Newton,  Virginia,  led  and  opened  the  way  to  the 
rear  and  left  of  Fredericksburg.  The  heights  behind  the 
town  were  assaulted,  and  flank  movements  were  made  un- 


134      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

successfully.  An  attack  on  Marye's  Heights  was  made 
under  the  direction  of  Newton.  It  was  in  two  columns 
supported  by  a  line.  The  advance  was  checked  but  re 
sumed,  and  the  stone  wall  was  carried  at  the  point  of  the 
bayonet  at  11  A.  M.,  with  heavy  loss,  after  a  hard  con 
flict.  Newton  had  gotten  on  the  Confederate  flank. 
There  was  hand-to-hand  fighting  along  the  wall.  1,000 
men  and  some  artillery  were  captured.  This  was  a  notable 
achievement. 

Salem  Church.  The  6th  corps  was  obstructed  in  march 
ing  on  to  the  vicinity  of  Salem  Heights,  where  the  Con 
federates  made  a  stand  supported  from  the  main  army. 
It  attacked  about  the  middle  of  the  afternoon.  Newton, 
with  the  left  wing,  made  several  gallant  assaults.  The 
fight  was  quite  severe.  The  crest  of  the  woods  was  gained, 
but  the  Confederates  forced  the  Federals  back.  The  corps 
retired  on  Bank's  Ford.  Lee,  having  detached  to  meet  the 
6th  corps,  refrained  from  a  general  assault  this  day  on 
the  main  army  in  its  new  position. 

Chancellorsville,  May  4th.  Lee  extended  his  right  un 
til  Marye's  Heights  and  Fredericksburg  were  again  in  his 
hands.  Newton  made  arrangements  for  withdrawal  via 
Bank's  Ford,  quickly  acquainting  himself  with  the  roads 
thereto,  and  establishing  communication  with  the  force  in 
charge  of  the  pontoons  there.  Lee  attacked  the  center 
and  left  of  the  6th  corps  at  6  P.  M.,  threatening  to  cut  it 
off  from  Bank's  Ford.  The  corps  fell  back  to  the  ford, 
and  recrossed  the  river  during  the  night. 

May  4th  Farragut's  vessels  took  possession  of  Fort  de 
Russy,  La. 

Chancellorsville  May  5th.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac 
recrossed  to  the  north  side  of  the  Rappahannock  River 
the  night  of  May  5th.  In  the  Chancellorsville  battles 
Wm.  M.  Graham,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  an 
artillery  reserve.  H.  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  fought  with 
merit.  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  was  wounded  and  captured. 
Among  those  engaged  were  Gabriel  R.  Paul,  Missouri ;  Sol. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     135 

Meredith,  North  Carolina;  Chas.  Candy,  Kentucky;  Wm. 
Birney,  Alabama;  J.  B.  Mclntosh,  Florida;  C.  M.  Pre- 
vost,  Maryland;  John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia;  B.  F.  Davis, 
Alabama;  John  Buford  and  Kenner  Garrard,  Ken 
tucky. 

Farragut  sent  the  expedition  which  was  up  the  Red 
River,  cooperating  with  the  army  there.  The  vessels 
steamed  up  to  Alexandria,  La.,  and  the  army  arrived  there 
May  7th.  Alexandria  was  captured.  After  this,  Far 
ragut  operated  against  Port  Hudson  from  below. 

The  army  that  had  captured  Port  Gibson  moved  east 
across  Mississippi  in  two  parallel  lines  —  one  led  by  Mc- 
Clernand. 

Combat  of  Raymond,  Miss.,  May  12th.  Raymond  was 
won  by  the  advance  of  the  brigade  of  John  D.  Stevenson, 
Virginia.  The  Confederate  force  of  5,000  was  unable  to 
stand  against  the  Federals.  M.  F.  Force,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  was  engaged. 

McClernand  withdrew  with  skill  from  the  front  of  the 
Confederates  at  Edwards'  Station  to  join  the  other  column 
marching  upon  Jackson,  Miss. 

Combat  of  Jackson,  Miss.  J.  E.  Johnston  evacuated 
after  some  fighting,  losing  17  guns.  Wm.  P.  Benton, 
Maryland,  and  Albert  M.  Powell,  Maryland,  were  en 
gaged.  John  D.  Stevenson,  Virginia,  followed  the  Con 
federates  out  of  Jackson. 

One  of  Hurlbut's  spies  brought  in  J.  E.  Johnston's  dis 
patch  directing  that  the  army  from  Vicksburg  establish 
communication.  The  Confederate  plans  and  movements 
were  thereby  disclosed.  That  army  had  moved  southeast 
from  Vicksburg  to  oppose  the  Federal  army's  progress. 
The  Federal  army  moved  to  cut  Johnston  off  from  the 
junction  point  —  Bolton.  McClernand  seized  Bolton 
promptly.  Blair  moved  toward  Edwards'  Station,  fol 
lowed  by  McClernand. 

Battle  of  Champion's  Hill,  or  Baker's  Creek,  Miss.,  May 
16th.  This  was  a  chance  meeting.  McClernand,  Ken- 


136     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

tucky,  had  come  upon  the  Confederate  army  while  it  was 
making  a  retrograde  movement.  It  was  put  in  line  of 
battle.  McClernand's  was  the  only  corps  that  was  up 
when  the  battle  commenced.  He  attacked.  The  Federals 
in  force  reached  the  field.  John  D.  Stevenson,  Virginia, 
made  a  charge  that  broke  the  Confederates'  left  flank  — 
a  striking  achievement.  His  men  charged  across  ravines, 
up  a  hill,  and  through  an  open  field,  capturing  seven  guns 
and  several  hundred  prisoners,  and  thus  gaming  the  road 
in  the  Confederate  rear,  which  cut  off  Loring  and  com 
pelled  him  to  cut  loose  from  the  army,  losing  all  his  guns. 
He  turned  up  at  Jackson.  The  Confederate  army  re 
treated  toward  Vicksburg,  having  lost  3,839  men,  about 
2,000  of  them  prisoners.  Wm.  P.  Benton,  Albert  M. 
Powell,  T.  T.  Garrard,  Kentucky;  D.  W.  Lindsey,  Ken 
tucky  ;  S.  G.  Burbridge,  Kentucky ;  W.  J.  Landram,  Ken 
tucky  ;  David  Shunk,  Maryland,  and  M.  F.  Force,  District 
of  Columbia,  were  engaged. 

Battle  of  Big  Black  River,  Miss.,  May  17th,  1863. 
McClernand's  corps  was  the  first  that  came  upon  the  Con 
federate  army's  position  at  the  river.  It  carried  the  same 
by  assault,  the  Confederates  making  a  short  stand.  The 
part  of  the  Confederate  army  on  the  east  side  of  the  river 
fled  across,  and  the  bridge  was  burnt.  17  guns,  1,751 
prisoners  and  several  thousand  small  arms  were  captured. 
Benton,  T.  T.  Garrard,  Lindsey,  Burbridge  and  Shunk 
were  engaged.  The  Federal  army  reached  Vicksburg  next 
day. 

Battle  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  May  19th.  F.  P.  Blair, 
Kentucky,  led  in  the  assault.  His  division  was  distinguished 
by  planting  its  colors  on  the  Confederate  works.  The 
Federal  army  was  repulsed.  T.  T.  Garrard,  W.  J.  Land- 
dram,  Lindsey  and  Burbridge  were  engaged. 

A  fleet  of  gunboats  under  Walke  had  ascended  the 
Yazoo  River.  The  opening  of  communication  with  the 
army,  now  back  of  Vicksburg,  was  an  object.  It  reached 
Yazoo  City  May  20th.  The  only  remaining  Confederate 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     167 

navy  yard,  vessels  and  other  property,  all  amounting  to 
$2,000,000  in  value,  were  destroyed  upon  the  capture  of 
the  city.  Francis  M.  Ramsay,  commanding  the  Choctaw, 
was  in  the  fleet. 

Battle  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  May  22d.  The  gunboats 
opened  fire  on  Vicksburg  defenses  and  the  army  assaulted. 
It  was  repulsed,  but  had  obtained  a  lodgment  at  two  points 
on  the  line  —  on  Confederate  Generals  Forney's  and  S.  D. 
Lee's  fronts.  A  detached  work  in  Lee's  line  was  cap 
tured,  but  was  retaken  in  a  few  minutes.  McClernand  re 
ported  that  he  had  gained  the  Confederate  advanced  in- 
trenchments  in  several  places.  S.  G.  Burbridgc,  Ken 
tucky,  and  Wm.  P.  Benton,  Maryland,  planted  colors  on 
the  slope  of  the  earthworks.  Attack  was  made  by  Blair's 
division.  The  fleet  kept  up  a  heavy  fire  during  the  as 
sault,  mortar-boats  shelling  the  city  and  batteries.  T.  T. 
Garrard,  Lindsey,  Landram,  Shunk,  Force  and  Stevenson 
were  engaged. 

Siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  fighting  in  the  Vicksburg 
trenches,  May  23- July  4,  1863.  Mortar-boats  continued 
shelling  the  city  and  batteries.  The  gunboats  bombarded 
May  27th,  June  20th  and  at  other  times.  The  siege  guns 
in  rear  of  Vicksburg  were  worked  by  naval  crews.  The 
Missouri  militia  organization  of  Gov.  Gamble,  Virginia,  en 
abled  the  sending  of  troops  from  Missouri  to  aid  the  army 
before  Vicksburg  when  menaced  by  J.  E.  Johnston. 

E.  O.  C.  Ord,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  West 
Point,  May  24th  and  25th. 

Port  Hudson  was  invested  May  25th. 

Vicksburg,  May  27th.  The  fleet  attacked.  Geo.  M. 
Bache,  District  of  Columbia,  commanding  the  Cincinnati, 
showed  commendable  courage.  His  vessel  was  sunk. 

Battle  of  Port  Hudson,  May  27th  and  28th.  The  Fed 
erals  made  an  unsuccessful  assault.  Farragut,  Tennessee, 
participated  from  the  Mississippi  River.  T.  A.  Jenkins, 
Virginia,  commanded  the  Monongahela,  temporary  flag 
ship,  which  attacked  the  batteries. 


138      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  was  engaged  in  an  expe 
dition  to  Westmoreland  C.  H.,  Va.,  in  June,  1863. 

Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian  Territory,  became  acting  Chief 
of  Artillery,  Department  of  the  South,  in  June,  1863. 

A.  C.  Gillem,  Tennessee,  as  Adjutant  General  of  Ten 
nessee,  June  1st,  1863,  to  April  1st,  1865,  created  a  credit 
able  body  of  soldiers. 

June  1st,  1863,  Democratic  Convention  in  Philadelphia 
sympathized  with  Vallandigham,  the  expatriated  Demo 
cratic  candidate  for  governor  of  Ohio. 

A  peace  meeting  was  held  in  New  York  City  June  3d, 
called  by  leading  Democrats  to  devise  means  for  ending  the 
War. 

H.  Walke,  Virginia,  dispersed  Confederates  under  Rich 
ard  Taylor  at  Simmsport,  La.,  and  blockaded  the  mouth 
of  the  Red  River  June  4th. 

Combat  of  Milliken's  Bend,  Liverpool's  Landing,  June 
6th  to  8th.  June  6th,  Confederates  attacked  Milliken's 
Bend  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  the 
garrison  was  driven  from  the  works  to  the  levee.  F.  M. 
Ramsay,  District  of  Columbia,  in  the  Choctaw,  prevented 
their  capture,  shelling  the  Confederates  and  forcing  them 
to  retreat.  The  Bragg  was  commanded  here  by  Joshua 
Bishop,  Missouri.  The  Lexington,  commanded  by  Bache, 
District  of  Columbia,  reached  the  scene  of  action  as  the 
Confederates  were  making  off  and  shelled  them.  The  loss 
was :  Confederate  652 ;  Federal  428. 

Alfred  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  cavalry  corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  from 
June  7th,  1863,  to  March  26th,  1864. 

The  army  before  Vicksburg  received  a  division  from 
Hurlbut,  June  8th-14th,  1863. 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  Campaign.  Lee  moved  from  between 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  Richmond,  and  made  for 
Pennsylvania,  finally  threatening  its  Capital  —  Harris- 
burg.  He  depended  upon  the  menace  to  Washington  and 
northern  cities  to  lead  to  the  sending  of  the  Army  of  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      139 

Potomac  after  him.  His  movements  were  veiled  and  one 
corps  was  left  interposed  between  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
and  Richmond  until  his  van  was  far  on  the  way.  By 
June  8th  Longstreet's  and  E well's  corps  had  joined 
Stuart's  cavalry  at  Culpeper.  June  8th  Lee  sent  Jen- 
kins'  brigade  as  Ewell's  advance  into  Shenandoah  Valley. 

Monticello  and  Rocky  Gap,  Ky.,  June  9th.  S.  P. 
Carter,  Tennessee,  defeated  Pegram's  forces. 

Cavalry  Combat  at  Brandy  Station,  Beverley  Ford,  Va., 
June  9th.  Pleasanton  had  been  sent  against  Stuart's 
cavalry  and  to  obtain  information.  Pleasanton  attacked 
Stuart.  John  Buford,  Kentucky,  gained  ground.  He 
was  conspicuous.  B.  F.  Davis,  Alabama,  was  killed. 
The  Federals  were  worsted. 

Ewell  marched  via  Winchester,  Martinsburg  and  Wil- 
liamsport.  Longstreet  moved  along  the  eastern  slope  of 
the  Blue  Ridge. 

Battle  of  Winchester,  Va.,  June  13th-15th.  The  in 
ferior  Federal  force  made  a  stand  against  Ewell,  and  lost 
out,  most  of  the  men  being  captured. 

In  June,  1863,  the  Illinois  General  Assembly  was  for 
peace,  and  its  governor,  Richard  Yates,  Kentucky,  pro 
rogued  it  and  conducted  the  War  operations  of  Illinois  un 
til  the  following  year.  Ammen,  Virginia,  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  District  of  Illinois. 

After  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  fell  back,  A.  P.  Hill 
left  Fredericksburg  and  followed  Ewell,  but  crossed  the 
Potomac  at  Shepherdstown.  After  Hill  had  passed  Long- 
street's  rear,  Longstreet  crossed  the  Blue  Ridge  and 
Shenandoah  and  crossed  the  Potomac  at  Williamsport. 
Pleasanton  commanded  the  cavalry  that  followed  Lee's 
army  into  Maryland.  Lee  had  sent  Imboden  toward  Cum 
berland  to  destroy  the  railroad  and  canal  from  there  to 
Martinsburg. 

June  14th,  Jenkins  and  Rodes,  Confederates,  drove  out 
the  Martinsburg  garrison. 

Battle  of  Port  Hudson,  June  14th.     The  Federal  army 


140      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

assaulted  unsuccessfully.  Farragut  participated  from  the 
river. 

Richard  Taylor,  Confederate,  appeared  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River  near  New  Orleans,  creating 
alarm  for  the  safety  of  the  city.  Emory,  Maryland,  was 
there  and  took  the  proper  measures  of  defense. 

Ewell  crossed  the  Potomac  June  15th. 

Action  at  Aldie,  Va.,  June  17th.  The  fight  was  be 
tween  a  part  of  Pleasanton's  cavalry  and  Stuart's.  The 
Federals  remained  in  possession  of  the  field.  A.  Pleas 
ant  on,  John  Buford,  Kentucky,  and  John  C.  Tidball,  Vir 
ginia,  were  engaged. 

Democratic  Mass  Convention,  40,000  delegates,  was 
held  at  Springfield,  111.,  June  17th. 

The  Indiana  Legislature  was  broken  up  by  Republi 
cans  in  1863  to  prevent  the  passage  of  the  "  military 
bill." 

June  17th  John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  with  the  Wee- 
hawken,  engaged  the  heavier  iron-clad  Atlanta  in  Wassaw 
Sound,  Ga.  The  Atlanta  went  aground,  and  was  so  in 
jured  that  she  surrendered.  Her  damages  were  readily  re 
paired.  Rodgers,  bravely  confident  of  the  monitors,  was 
eminent  in  the  demonstration  of  their  qualities  of  re 
sistance. 

E.  O.  C.  Ord,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  13th 
corps  from  June  18th  to  October  28th,  1863.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  from  June  18th  to  July 
4th. 

Action  of  Middleburg,  Va.,  June  19th.  A.  Pleasanton 
and  John  Buford  were  engaged. 

Fleet  attacks  on  Vicksburg,  June  19th— July  4th. 
Francis  M.  Ramsay,  District  of  Columbia,  during  the 
siege,  on  a  floating  battery,  enfiladed  Confederate  batter 
ies  and  sustained  a  heavy  fire  on  the  Federal  right. 

The  State  of  West  Virginia  came  into  being  June  20th, 
1863.  That  day  the  officers  met  at  Wheeling  and  or 
ganized  the  new  State.  The  Federal  Virginia  Executive 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      111 

removed  the  archives  of  Federal  Virginia  to  Alexan 
dria,  Va. 

J.  B.  Wheeler,  North  Carolina,  was  Chief  Engineer, 
Department  of  the  Susquehanna,  June  20th  to  September 
18th,  1863. 

Cavalry  Action  of  Upperville,  Va.,  June  21st.  A. 
Pleasanton,  John  Buford  and  Tidball  were  engaged. 

Tullahoma,  Tenn.,  Campaign.  The  movement  was  a 
concentration  on  the  Confederate  right,  covered  by  a  feint 
upon  the  left. 

Upon  Lee's  entrance,  A.  W.  Bradford,  Maryland,  Gov 
ernor  of  Maryland,  called  for  10,000  volunteers.  A  num 
ber  of  troops  for  defense  were  gained  thereby. 

Action  at  Hoover's  Gap,  Tenn.,  Tullahoma  Campaign, 
June  24th.  The  brigade  of  mounted  infantry  of  the  di 
vision  of  J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  attacked  the  Confed 
erates  at  Hoover's  Gap.  It  drove  them  back  to  the  south 
ern  entrance,  where  they  held  possession  until  Thomas 
came  up  with  infantry,  Reynolds,  with  two  other  brigades, 
and  J.  M.  Brannan,  with  three  coming  up,  when  the  Con 
federates  gave  up  possession  of  the  defile.  T.  L.  Critten- 
den,  Kentucky,  participated. 

Action  of  Liberty  Gap,  Tenn.,  Tullahoma  Campaign, 
June  24th  and  25th.  On  the  24th  R.  W.  Johnson,  Ken 
tucky,  seized  the  Gap,  having  a  sharp  skirmish  with  a 
part  of  Cleburne's  division.  The  Confederates  attacked 
Johnson's  division  on  the  25th.  They  first  attacked  his 
center,  then  attempted  to  gain  the  hills  so  as  to  command 
Johnson's  flanks,  but  failed,  withdrawing  late  in  the  even 
ing.  Their  loss  was  over  400. 

Stuart  reached  the  rear  of  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac  June  25th  forenoon.  It  was  moving  toward  the 
Potomac  and  occupying  all  roads.  Stuart  crossed  the 
Potomac  two  days  after  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  whose 
rear-guard  crossed  June  26th. 

Action  of  Garrison  Creek,  June  26th.  Thomas  ad 
vanced  toward  Fairfield  and  met  the  Confederates  in  force 


142      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

on  the  heights  north  of  Garrison  Creek.  He  drove  them 
steadily,  Rousseau  and  Brannan  operating  upon  the  left 
flank  and  J.  J.  Reynolds  against  the  front  and  left.  The 
Confederates  assumed  a  new  position,  and  attempted  from 
the  hills  to  enfilade  Thomas'  line,  but  were  expelled.  He 
pushed  them  to  within  five  miles  of  Manchester,  T.  L. 
Crittenden  following.  Thomas  had  gained  so  much 
ground  toward  Manchester  that  it  was  practicable  to  con 
centrate  the  whole  army  there,  and  force  Bragg  to  aban 
don  his  position  or  give  battle  outside  his  works.  He 
seized  Manchester  June  27th. 

Combat  of  Donaldsonville,  La.,  Fort  Butler,  June  27th. 
W.  H.  Emory,  Maryland,  with  troops,  and  the  vessels  in 
the  river,  together  resisted  the  Confederate  attack  on 
Fort  Butler.  Some  Confederates  got  into  the  Fort.  One 
of  Farragut's  vessels  was  present  and  fought  hard.  The 
W'mona,  commanded  by  A.  W.  Weaver,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  arrived  during  the  engagement  and  continued  in 
it  until  the  end,  rendering  effectual  service.  The  Con 
federates  retired. 

W.  H.  French,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  Har 
per's  Ferry  district,  June  27th  to  30th.  Ewell  reached 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  Longstreet  reached  Chambersburg,  Pa., 
June  27th. 

Early,  Confederate,  entered  York,  Pa.,  June  28th. 
Stuart  captured  a  wagon  train  of  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac  at  Rockville,  a  few  miles  northwest  of  Washington, 
that  day. 

Early  June  28th  Thomas  sent  a  brigade  to  break  the 
railroad  south  of  Decherd.  That  day  he  threw  troops 
toward  Tullahoma.  Thus  was  the  movement  to  force 
Bragg  back  from  Tullahoma  begun.  Bragg's  communi 
cations  were  interrupted  at  Decherd  and  he  retired  from 
Tullahoma  the  29th.  T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  was  em 
ployed  in  the  advance  on  Tullahoma.  The  turning  move 
ment  had  succeeded,  Bragg  having  withdrawn  entirely 
from  this  line. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      143 

Heth,  Confederate,  reached  Cashtown,  Pa.,  June  29th. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  June  30th,  Thomas  learned 
that  Bragg  had  evacuated  the  position  at  Tullahoma. 
Pursuit  began.  Rousseau  and  another  of  Thomas'  divi 
sions  overtook  the  Confederate  rear-guard  at  Bethpage 
bridge  and  skirmished.  Bragg  had  crossed  the  Cumber 
land  Mountains  and  middle  Tennessee  was  secured. 

Cavalry  action  of  Hanover,  Pa.,  June  30th.  Stuart 
attacked  Federal  cavalry,  but  failed  to  rout  them.  He 
went  on  that  night  to  York. 

Battles  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  June  30th  to  July  3d, 
1863.  Heth  sent  Pettigrew's  brigade  to  Gettysburg  June 
30th  to  procure  shoes.  John  Buford,  Kentucky,  com 
manding  one  of  the  three  cavalry  divisions  at  the  battles  of 
Gettysburg,  entered  Gettysburg  that  afternoon,  under  in 
structions  from  Pleasanton,  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Pettigrew  withdrew  on  his  approach.  Pleasanton  was  in 
chief  command  of  all  the  cavalry  with  the  army.  Im 
pressed  by  the  importance  of  the  position,  Buford,  ex 
pecting  the  early  return  of  the  Confederates  in  force, 
placed  one  brigade  to  the  north  and  his  other  to  the  west 
of  Gettysburg. 

Martial  law  was  proclaimed  in  Baltimore  June  30th. 

In  the  operations  of  the  South  Atlantic  Blockading 
Squadron,  January  to  July,  1863,  G.  B.  Balch,  Tennes 
see,  commanded  the  Pawnee;  C.  Steedman,  South  Caro 
lina,  commanded  the  Paul  Jones  and  Powhatan; 
Wm.  Gibson,  Maryland,  Seneca;  A.  Pendergrast,  Ken 
tucky,  Water  Witch;  J.  M.  Frailey,  Maryland,  Quaker 
City;  T.  H.  Patterson,  Louisiana,  James  Adger; 
J.  H.  Upshur,  Virginia,  Flambeau;  P.  Drayton,  South 
Carolina,  Passaic;  D.  McN.  Fairfax,  Virginia,  Montauk 
and  Nantiicket;  John  Rodgers,  Maryland,  Weehawhen,  and 
T.  Turner,  District  of  Columbia,  New  Ironsides. 

Thomas  occupied  Tullahoma  July  1st.  Bragg  fell 
back  to  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Ten 
nessee  River  below  Chattanooga. 


144      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Getty  was  in  command  of  an  expedition  from  White 
House  to  the  South  Anna  bridges,  July  lst-8th. 

Stuart  shelled  Carlisle,  Pa.,  July  1st. 

Robertson's  Confederate  cavalry  command  crossed  the 
Potomac  at  Williamsport  July  1st.  During  the  Gettys 
burg  campaign  Imboden,  Confederate,  commanding  cav 
alry,  proceeded  north  in  concert  some  distance  west  of 
Lee's  regular  army.  He  destroyed  railroad  bridges,  and 
cut  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  canal  below  Cumberland, 
Md.,  wherever  he  could. 

Battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  1st,  1863.  This  was  a 
chance  battle.  Neither  army  was  concentrated.  Troops 
of  each  were  hurried  to  the  field  during  the  1st  and  2d. 
Part  of  Lee's  army  was  west  of  Gettysburg;  part  north, 
and  part  east.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  spread 
out  to  the  south  of  Gettysburg.  Seminary  Ridge  is  west 
of  Gettysburg  and  McPherson's  Ridge  is  west  of  that, 
both  running  north  and  south.  John  Buford  took  posi 
tion  on  McPherson's  Ridge.  A.  P.  Hill,  wishing  to  dis 
cover  what  was  in  his  front,  advanced  from  the  west  by 
day.  Buford  met  and  resisted  the  advance,  and  sustained 
the  fight,  using  his  horse  artillery,  until  infantry  of  the 
1st  corps  arrived.  Sol.  Meredith,  North  Carolina,  opened 
the  infantry  fight.  The  Federal  infantry  were  forced 
back  to  Seminary  Ridge.  Archer,  Confederate,  took  po 
sition  in  McPherson's  wood.  At  a  critical  juncture,  Mer 
edith,  commanding  the  "  Iron  Brigade,"  swung  it  around, 
moved  through  a  wood  and  outflanked  and  turned  Archer's 
right,  capturing  him  and  a  portion  of  his  brigade,  pur 
suing  the  remainder  across  Willoughby  Run.  The  other 
Confederate  brigade  was  driven  back  north  of  this  by 
other  troops.  The  Federals  reestablished  the  line  on  Mc 
Pherson's  Ridge  as  a  result  of  Meredith's  success,  Mere 
dith  holding  McPherson's  wood.  The  command  of  the 
1st  corps  devolved  on  John  Newton,  Virginia.  About 
12:30  P.  M.  Buford  reported  that  Confederates  were  mass 
ing  between  the  York  and  Harrisburg  roads,  three  or  four 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      145 

miles  north  of  Gettysburg.  He  confirmed  the  informa 
tion,  the  llth  corps  was  at  hand,  having  reached  the 
scene  a  little  past  noon,  and  dispositions  were  made  to 
meet  the  Confederates.  By  one  o'clock  Buford  had  re 
ported  Ewell's  approach  from  the  north  by  the  Heidlers- 
burg  road,  and  the  3d  and  12th  corps  were  called  up. 
They  were  informed  at  2  P.  M.  of  the  conditions.  Ewell 
ordered  Oak  Hill,  north  of  McPherson's  Ridge,  occupied 
by  an  artillery  battalion,  which  opened  on  both  Federal 
corps,  enfilading  the  line,  causing  the  withdrawal  of  part 
of  the  Federal  line  to  Seminary  Ridge.  The  brigade  of 
Gabriel  R.  Paul,  Missouri,  at  the  north  part  of  the  Fed 
eral  line  on  Seminary  Ridge,  facing  west,  was  attacked 
from  the  north  by  Iverson.  With  the  aid  of  another 
brigade  Iverson  was  defeated.  The  latter  lost  500  killed 
and  wounded  and  three  regiments  captured.  Paul  was 
shot  and  lost  both  eyes.  The  Confederates  attacked  the 
north  part  of  the  Federal  positions  on  McPherson's  Ridge 
and  Seminary  Ridge.  The  llth  corps,  unconnected,  was 
facing  north,  in  position  east  of  Seminary  Ridge.  Early, 
coming  from  the  east,  advanced  on  its  right  flank  and 
rear,  forcing  it  back  to  its  original  position,  thence  to 
Cemetery  hill,  south  of  Gettysburg,  uncovering  the  right 
flank  and  rear  of  Newton's  corps,  making  its  right  un 
tenable.  The  general  Confederate  advance  was  about  3 
p.  M.  Newton  was  heavily  engaged  along  his  whole  line. 
His  left  was  outflanked.  Meredith  repeatedly  repulsed 
assaults  of  the  Confederates,  but,  as  the  retirement  of 
other  troops  uncovered  his  left,  he  fell  back  to  successive 
positions,  from  which  he  inflicted  heavy  losses.  He  was 
severely  wounded  this  day.  Some  of  his  men  manned  a 
battery  at  Seminary  Ridge.  Buford  had  thrown  half  a 
brigade  of  cavalry  south  of  the  Fairfield  road.  After 
3:20  Buford  was  asked  to  support  the  center,  near  the 
right  of  the  1st  corps,  as  well  as  he  could  with  cavalry. 
About  4  p.  M.  the  whole  Confederate  line  advanced  to  final 
attack  against  the  Federals  on  Seminary  Ridge.  Newton 


146      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

withdrew  under  orders.  On  the  right  Buford's  men  held 
Lane's  brigade  in  check  for  some  time.  The  battery 
manned  partly  by  Meredith's  men  raked  Scales'  brigade, 
causing  confusion.  The  Federal  right  was  uncovered  and 
these  troops  fell  back  fighting  to  Cemetery  hill.  Buford 
assembled  his  command  on  the  plain  west  of  Cemetery  hill, 
covering  the  left  flank,  making  a  show  of  force  opposite 
the  Confederate  right  against  the  peril  of  pursuit.  The 
Federal  right  was  established  on  Gulp's  hill.  The  llth 
corps  had  been  struck  north  of  Gettysburg  in  front  and 
on  both  flanks  almost  simultaneously.  Buford's  moving 
out  and  forming  for  the  charge  delayed  the  Confederates 
to  form  squares  in  echelon,  and  aided  Newton's  escape. 
Buford  rendered  material  assistance  in  the  forming  of 
the  lines  on  Cemetery  hill.  Only  one  small  brigade  and 
batteries  were  on  Cemetery  hill  when  the  rout  came.  Late 
in  the  day,  one  of  Newton's  divisions  occupied  Gulp's  hill. 
Buford  rendered  signal  service  in  his  valorous  and  strenu 
ous  efforts  this  day.  Newton  well  filled  a  grave  responsi 
bility.  Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  was  Avounded  while 
carrying  the  flag  of  a  regiment  after  four  color-bearers 
had  been  killed  and  three  wounded.  He  was  a  prisoner 
from  July  1st  to  4th.  Escaping,  he  rejoined  his  com 
mand.  Paul  was  brave  and  useful. 

Battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  £d.  Cemetery  Ridge  extends 
north  almost  to  Gettysburg,  then  curves  around  to  the 
east  like  a  fish-hook,  with  Gulp's  hill  near  the  eastern  end. 
The  straight  part  is  considerably  longer  than  the  curve, 
but  the  center  is  within  supporting  distance  of  the  south 
end  of  the  curve.  Round  Top  is  at  the  south  end  of  the 
straight  part  with  Little  Round  Top  forming  the  part  of 
the  ridge  just  north  of  it.  The  Emmitsburg  road  runs 
southwest  from  Gettysburg,  between  the  parallel  ridges, — 
Cemetery  and  Seminary  —  about  a  mile  apart.  Stuart  left 
Carlisle  for  Gettysburg  the  2d.  The  Federal  line  was 
formed  from  Gulp's  hill  around  the  curve  and  southwardly, 
branching  off  to  the  Emmitsburg  road,  with  an  angle  at 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      147 

the  Peach  Orchard,  troops  extending  from  there  back  to 
the  ridge  near  Little  Round  Top.  Longstreet's  troops 
marched  concealed  to  strike  between  the  Peach  Orchard 
and  Little  Round  Top.  D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  disclosed 
by  reconnoissance  the  presence  of  Confederates  flanking 
the  left.  His  division  was  posted  from  the  Devil's  Den 
(a  rough  mass  of  bowlders  just  west  of  the  Round  Tops) 
to  the  Peach  Orchard  and  along  the  Emmitsburg  road. 
It  was  well  in  the  afternoon  when  Longstreet  struck.  Bir 
ney  repulsed  the  first  attacks.  Toward  six  the  angle  at 
the  Peach  Orchard  was  broken  in.  A  Maryland  brigade 
advanced  to  the  rescue  of  the  3d  corps,  some  of  the  troops 
reaching  as  far  as  the  Loop  and  Peach  Orchard.  One  of 
Birney's  brigades  got  in  the  interval  between  two  Con 
federate  regiments  about  the  wheatfield,  forcing  the  flanks 
back.  Birney  took  command  of  the  3d  corps  a  little  after 
six,  and  handled  it  ably.  A  part  of  Newton's  corps  was 
brought  up  to  the  aid  of  the  left. 

The  Federals  reached  the  summit  of  Little  Round  Top 
while  the  Confederates  were  climbing  it,  and  held  it  after 
a  hand-to-hand  struggle.  The  command  of  a  brigade 
there  devolved  on  Kenner  Garrard,  Kentucky. 

The  Maryland  brigade  held  a  position  near  the  Trostle 
building  of  service  to  Federal  troops  which  were  falling 
back.  Wright  broke  the  Federal  line  on  Cemetery  Ridge 
near  the  center,  but,  not  being  supported,  was  expelled. 
That  part  of  the  Federal  line  west  of  Cemetery  Ridge 
having  been  forced  back,  the  Federal  line  was  restricted 
to  Cemetery  Ridge. 

The  brigade  of  S.  S.  Carroll,  District  of  Columbia,  ar 
rived  just  in  time  to  save  East  Cemetery  Hill  (near  Get 
tysburg)  when  Early  carried  it.  This  was  a  notable 
achievement. 

At  Gulp's  hill,  the  right  flank  was  turned  by  the  Con 
federates,  who  were  stopped  by  two  regiments  of  Newton's 
corps  placed  in  echelon.  These  attacks  were  after  Long- 
street's. 


148      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

At  the  close  of  the  day  Confederates  held  the  Devil's 
Den  and  the  ridge  to  its  left,  and  the  right  extending  well 
up  on  the  northwest  slope  of  Round  Top.  They  held  a 
part  of  Gulp's  hill. 

Battle  of  Gettysburg,  'July  3d.  Fighting  at  Gulp's  hill 
began  at  dawn.  The  Federals  drove  the  Confederates  out 
of  the  Federal  intrenchments  there,  and  resisted  a  front 
attack.  The  Confederates  made  one  or  two  attempts  to 
regain  possession.  The  Maryland  brigade  and  Chas. 
Candy  were  on  this  part  of  the  line.  A  demonstration  to 
turn  Confederate  Ed.  Johnson's  left  on  this  part  of  the 
field  caused  him  to  withdraw  to  Rock  Creek. 

Confederate  Robertson's  cavalry  following  Lee's  army 
reached  Cashtown  about  10  A.  M.  A.  Pleasanton  moved 
from  Emmitsburg  July  3d  directly  toward  the  baggage 
and  ammunition  trains  of  Lee  and  was  met  at  Fairfield  by 
Robertson. 

About  11  A.  M  some  of  A.  P.  Hill's  skirmishers  and 
Federals  began  fighting  over  a  barn  and  his  artillery  be 
came  involved.  Imboden  arrived  on  the  field  at  noon. 

The  great  cannonade  began  about  1  p.  M.  Pickett's 
charge  started  at  1 :40  p.  M.  John  Newton,  Virginia,  was 
in  charge  of  that  part  of  the  ridge  to  the  south  of  the 
position  against  which,  mainly,  Pickett  was  directed.  He 
stood  behind  batteries  during  the  artillery  duel  which 
opened  a  destructive  oblique  fire  when  Pickett  charged. 
The  Confederates  drifted  further  away.  The  Confed 
erate  right  split  passing  a  farm  building,  and  the  two 
bodies  diverged  as  they  advanced.  A  brigade  of  Newton's 
corps  pressed  forward  into  the  gap  between  the  Confed 
erate  advancing  lines.  Alexander's  artillery  opened  fire 
on  it.  Part  of  the  men  were  faced  north  and  part  south, 
thus  firing  upon  the  flanks  of  both  Confederate  bodies 
advancing.  The  advance  of  the  two  regiments  of  this 
brigade,  with  the  fire  of  the  batteries  around  Newton, 
helped  cause  the  supporting  forces  of  Wilcox,  Wright  and 
Perry  to  fall  back.  D.  B.  Birney's  corps  was  behind  New- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     149 

ton's.  The  command  of  the  division  against  which  Pickett 
struck  devolved  on  Win.  Harrow,  Kentucky.  His  own 
brigade  had  been  behind  the  front  line,  but  joined  the 
line  in  the  fight.  The  Confederates  had  taken  a  piece  of 
the  line  immediately  north  of  it.  The  brigade  charged 
from  the  south  into  the  clump  of  trees,  then  held  by  the 
Confederates.  The  grove  was  jammed  with  Pickett's  men. 
It  extended  from  a  short  distance  below  to  near  the  crest 
of  the  ridge.  Pickett  emerged  from  the  woods  at  3  p.  M. 
It  was  the  lot  of  Harrow  to  repulse  Pickett,  which  mo 
mentous  feat  he  performed.  Two  companies  in  his  divi 
sion  were  thrown  behind  a  cross  wall  to  the  north  of  the 
break  in  the  line,  and  Pickett's  left  flank  felt  the  fire  from 
that  direction.  As  Pickett  was  falling  back,  the  Confed 
erates  repulsed  cavalry  from  the  southern  part  of  the  field, 
who  galloped  up  between  the  lines  of  the  two  armies. 

Meantime,  Stuart  had  gone  around  the  Federal  right 
flank  to  strike  the  Federal  right  and  rear.  About  £  P.  M. 
John  B.  Mclntosh,  Florida,  who  understood  Stuart's  tac 
tics  and  had  discerned  his  position,  moved  dismounted  cav 
alry  forward  in  the  direction  of  Rummel's  house.  The 
Confederates  met  them.  Other  cavalry  of  his  moved  up. 
He  sent  for  reinforcements.  He  drove  back  the  Confed 
erates,  occupying  their  position  about  the  Rummel  house. 
When  the  full  Confederate  line  charged,  Mclntosh  had  his 
left  charge,  rallying  headquarters'  staff,  buglers  and  or 
derlies,  and  gathering  up  other  men  for  the  charge,  and 
struck  the  Confederate  right  flank.  The  flank  attacks  told 
on  the  Confederates.  Mclntosh  and  others  in  the  front 
then  got  the  advantage  and  the  Confederates  fell  back  to 
their  starting-point.  Mclntosh  established  an  advanced 
skirmish  line.  Mclntosh's  service  was  brave  and  valuable. 
Stuart  had  the  main  body  of  Confederate  cavalry  and  his 
purpose  failed.  At  nightfall  both  sides  held  substantially 
their  original  position. 

Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  commanded  the  2d  corps,  July 
3d  to  September  13th. 


150     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Passage  of  Elk  River  July  3d,  by  Thomas.  J.  M. 
Brannan,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Eli  Long,  Kentucky, 
were  engaged.  Bragg  fell  back  to  Bridgeport.  Later  he 
crossed  the  Tennessee  River  not  far  from  Chattanooga. 
Chattanooga  was  an  important  strategic  point.  The  rail 
road  running  via  Chattanooga  northeast  afforded  the  most 
direct  and  convenient  means  of  communication  between 
Richmond  and  Mississippi,  while  from  Cleveland,  Tenn., 
a  few  miles  east  of  Chattanooga,  a  line  of  railroad  ran  to 
the  southeastern  coast.  From  it  Virginia  could  be  ap 
proached  from  the  rear,  and  it  was  a  base  for  operations  in 
the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States. 

Terms  of  surrender  of  Vicksburg  were  agreed  upon  July 
3d.  On  the  4th  31,600  men  were  disarmed  and  paroled. 
172  cannon  were  taken.  In  the  operations  against  Vicks 
burg  McClernand  and  then  Ord  commanded  the  13th  corps. 
Among  those  engaged  were:  of  the  army,  F.  P.  Blair, 
Kentucky,  and  J.  G.  Lauman,  Maryland,  commanding 
divisions ;  M.  F.  Force,  District  of  Columbia ;  John  D. 
Stevenson,  Virginia;  T.  T.  Garrard,  Kentucky;  Bernard 
G.  Farrar,  Missouri ;  W.  W.  Orme,  District  of  Columbia ; 
Wm.  Vandever,  Maryland;  D.  W.  Lindsey,  Kentucky;  S. 
G.  Burbridge,  Kentucky;  W.  J.  Landram,  Kentucky;  W. 
P.  Benton,  Maryland;  David  Shunk,  Maryland;  Jos.  R. 
Cockerill,  Virginia;  N.  B.  Buford,  Kentucky  and  Jas.  A. 
Williamson,  Kentucky ;  of  the  navy,  Henry  H.  Bell,  North 
Carolina,  and  A.  M.  Pennock,  Virginia,  fleet  captains ;  W. 
D.  Porter,  Louisiana,  commanding  the  Essex;  Chas.  R. 
Ellet,  District  of  Columbia,  commanding  the  Switzerland; 
Jas.  P.  Foster,  Kentucky,  commanding  the  Lafayette; 
John  Guest,  Missouri,  and  F.  M.  Ramsay,  District  of 
Columbia.  Foster  performed  valuable  service.  William 
son  showed  good  conduct. 

Gettysburg,  July  4th.  Lee,  having  concentrated  on 
Seminary  Ridge,  stood  in  line  there  all  day,  but  was  not 
assaulted  and  did  not  attack  again.  He  was  sending  back 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     151 

wounded  and  prisoners  preparatory  to  a  return  to  Vir 
ginia. 

French  guarded  lines  of  communication  and  threatened 
those  of  Lee,  July  lst-4th. 

At  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  Meredith's  loss  was  1,153. 
Newton,  in  addition  to  the  1st  corps,  commanded  the  3d 
division  of  the  6th  corps. 

Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  commanded  the  £d  corps  when  the 
battle  ended.  Birney  commanded  the  3d  corps  from  the 
evening  of  the  J2d.  A.  Pleasanton  commanded  the  cavalry 
corps.  D.  R.  Ransom,  North  Carolina,  performed  brave 
and  useful  service.  He  was  wounded.  He,  John  C.  Tid- 
ball,  Virginia,  and  C.  H.  Tompkins,  Virginia,  commanded 
artillery  brigades.  Wm.  M.  Graham,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  S.  S.  Carroll,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Chas.  Candy, 
Kentucky,  were  engaged. 

Battle  of  Helena,  Ark.,  July  4th.  B.  M.  Prentiss,  Vir 
ginia,  commanded  the  Federals.  The  Confederates  carried 
the  position  in  the  center,  but  were  repulsed  with  consid 
erable  loss,  the  gunboat  Tyler  saving  the  army  force. 
Many  of  Prentiss'  regiments  were  southern.  The  Con 
federates  were  under  Holmes  and  Price. 

Franklin  Pierce  addressed  a  Democratic  mass-meeting 
at  Concord,  N.  H.,  July  4th,  alluding  to  Vallandigham  as 
a  martyr  of  free  speech. 

Morgan,  Confederate,  having  crossed  the  Cumberland 
River  at  Burksville,  Ky.,  with  about  £,500  men,  reached 
Tebb's  Bend,  Green  River,  July  4th,  and  attacked  a  Fed 
eral  regiment  there.  J.  M.  Shackelford  and  E.  H.  Hob- 
son,  both  of  Kentucky,  pursued  him. 

French,  Maryland,  destroyed  Lee's  pontoon  bridge  at 
Falling  Waters  July  5th,  sending  a  raiding  party  from 
Frederick.  This  delayed  Lee's  crossing  of  the  Potomac. 

Hagerstown  and  Williamsport,  Md.,  July  6th.  John 
Buford,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  in  an  attack  on  Imboden 
at  Williamsport.  Imboden  was  carrying  the  wounded  and 
prisoners  to  Virginia. 


152     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  3d 
corps  from  July  7th,  1863.  Pie  joined  in  the  march 
against  Lee  after  Gettysburg,  being  engaged  in  several 
sharp  actions. 

Thos.  H.  Patterson,  Louisiana,  was  engaged  in  blockade 
duty  off  Wilmington  July  7th,  1863. 

Morgan  crossed  the  Ohio  River  at  Brandenburg  July 
7th.  He  dashed  across  the  southern  parts  of  Indiana  and 
Ohio,  pursued  by  J.  M.  Shackelford,  E.  H.  Hobson,  R. 
T.  Jacob  and  Wm.  P.  Sanders  —  all  of  Kentucky,  with 
Kentucky  troops.  H.  M.  Judah,  Maryland,  went  with  the 
"  tin-clads  "  up  the  Ohio  River,  to  head  him  off  and  keep 
him  from  recrossing. 

Port  Hudson  surrendered  July  9th.  6,340  men,  20 
heavy  guns,  and  31  field-pieces  were  taken.  Farragut  co 
operated  in  the  investment  and  capture.  Henry  H.  Bell, 
North  Carolina,  assisted.  T.  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia,  was  in 
chief  command  of  the  naval  forces  below. 

Advance  upon  Jackson,  Miss.,  from  Vicksburg,  July 
9th  to  16th. 

Martial  law  was  proclaimed  in  Louisville  July  10th. 

Operations  against  Charleston  Harbor  —  Fort  Wagner, 
Morris  Island ;  James  Island  and  Folly  Island,  July  10th- 
18th.  The  Federal  fleet,  with  troops,  attacked  and  secured 
a  lodgment  on  the  south  end  of  Morris  Island  July  10th, 
and  prepared  to  attack  Fort  Wagner.  Troops  landed  and 
occupied  three-fourths  of  the  Island.  Along  with  this, 
naval  officer  G.  B.  Balch,  Tennessee,  landed  troops  on 
Folly  Island  at  night,  and  a  force  was  sent  to  James  Island. 

July  llth  an  unsuccessful  assault  was  made  on  Fort 
Wagner.  Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian  Territory,  and  J.  R. 
Hawley,  North  Carolina,  were  engaged.  The  Mont  auk, 
Fairfax,  Virginia,  commanding,  and  other  vessels  partici 
pated. 

John  Love,  Virginia,  commanded  a  force  in  pursuit 
through  Indiana  of  Morgan,  and  in  an  action  with  him 
at  Mt.  Vernon,  Ind.,  July  llth. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     153 

Combat  of  Jackson,  Miss.  Ord's  corps  was  engaged. 
In  the  assault  troops  of  the  division  of  J.  G.  Lauman, 
Maryland,  were  pushed  close  to  the  Confederate  works, 
were  struck  in  flank  and  suffered  great  loss.  The  Federals 
were  repulsed. 

Martial  law  was  proclaimed  in  Cincinnati  July  12th. 

Draft  revolts,  July  13th  to  16th.  Public  opposition 
was  manifested  in  advance  of  the  time  for  the  enforcement 
of  the  draft  to  begin  — July,  1863.  The  draft  in  New 
York  City  began  July  13th.  The  absence  of  militia  due 
to  Lee's  invasion  was  availed  of  and  citizens  of  New  York 
resisted  by  force,  cutting  telegraph  wires,  burning  build 
ings,  beating  and  killing  negroes.  Quickly  the  city  was 
at  their  mercy.  A  thousand  persons  were  killed  and 
wounded,  over  fifty  buildings  were  destroyed,  and  many 
were  plundered.  They  were  fought  for  three  days  and 
nights. 

Bombardment  of  Charleston  Harbor,  July  13th.  Fair 
fax,  Virginia,  participated. 

Donaldsonville,  La.,  July  13th.  Aaron  W.  Weaver, 
District  of  Columbia,  was  in  engagement  with  Confederate 
batteries  below  Donaldsonville  after  the  fall  of  Port  Hud 
son. 

T.  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia,  was  wounded  passing  batteries 
twelve  miles  below  Donaldsonville  in  1863. 

Lee  recrossed  the  Potomac  the  night  of  July  13th. 

E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Kentucky,  in  command  of  the  City  and 
Harbor  of  New  York,  was  engaged  in  suppressing  the 
draft  revolts  from  July  14th.  His  courage,  skill  and 
judgment  did  much  to  that  end.  He  remained  in  command 
till  November  15th.  There  were  draft  revolts  in  Boston 
July  14th  and  15th,  and  in  Brooklyn,  Jersey  City,  Staten 
Island  and  other  places  July  15th. 

The  Federals  landed  in  force  on  Morris  Island  July 
15th. 

Combat  of  James  Island,  Fort  Grimball,  Stono  River, 
July  16th.  Balch,  Tennessee,  was  senior  officer  in  the 


154      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Stono  River.  His  vessel,  the  Pawnee,  helped  in  making 
a  landing  on  James  Island.  The  Pawnee  and  Marblehead, 
G.  H.  Scott,  Virginia,  commanding,  were  attacked  by  bat 
teries,  the  Confederates  making  a  simultaneous  attack  on 
the  land  force.  The  Pawnee  had  chain  cables  up  and 
down  her  sides.  Balch,  in  repulsing  it,  is  credited  with 
having  saved  the  troops  from  the  land  attack.  The  Fed 
erals  were  expelled  from  James  Island. 

J.  E.  Johnston  evacuated  Jackson,  Miss.,  the  second 
time  July  16th.  Ord  and  Blair  were  engaged  in  the  oper 
ations  against  relieving  forces  and  occupation  of  Jackson. 

The  Federals  having  gained  the  entire  Mississippi  River, 
the  first  merchant  steamer  from  St.  Louis  reached  New 
Orleans  July  16th. 

Battle  of  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C.,  July  18th.  The  fleet 
bombarded  and  the  troops  marched  up  Morris  Island  and 
attacked  the  Fort  unsuccessfully,  losing  heavily.  J.  R. 
Hawley,  North  Carolina,  was  engaged.  W.  M.  Gibson, 
Maryland,  commanded  the  Seneca.  After  this,  Fort  Wag 
ner  was  besieged  till  September  6th. 

Wm.  H.  French,  Maryland,  was  engaged  in  the  action 
of  Manassas  Gap,  Va.,  July  23d. 

Buffington  Island,  near  Salineville,  July  26th.  The 
head  of  Hobson's  column,  under  Shackelford,  struck  Mor 
gan's  rear,  Judah  his  flank,  and  two  vessels  opened  on 
his  front.  Most  of  Morgan's  force,  about  1,200,  were 
captured.  R.  T.  Jacob,  Kentucky,  was  engaged.  Mor 
gan  surrendered  to  Shackelford,  Kentucky,  at  New  Lisbon, 
the  same  day.  Kentucky  troops  had  followed  him  across 
the  Ohio,  into  Indiana  and  Ohio,  and  mainly  surrounded 
and  captured  him. 

Wm.  P.  Sanders,  Kentucky,  met  the  raid  of  Scott 
started  July  28th.  He  defeated  Scott  at  Lancaster,  cap 
turing  200.  Later,  500  more  prisoners  were  taken. 

Thos.  H.  Patterson,  Louisiana,  cut  out  the  Steamer 
Kate  from  under  batteries  at  New  Inlet,  near  Fort  Fisher 
July  31st. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      155 

Eli  Long,  Kentucky,  and  others  reached  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  in  July,  capturing  prisoners  and  supplies. 

Ord  was  with  the  Army  of  Western  Louisiana,  August 
to  October,  1863. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged  on  defenses  of 
Washington,  August,  1863,  to  March,  1864. 

J.  M.  Shackelford,  Kentucky,  led  cavalry  from  Camp 
Nelson,  Ky.,  to  Kingston,  Tenn.,  in  August,  1863. 

Little  Rock  Expedition,  August  1st  to  September  14th, 
1863.  J.  W.  Davidson,  Virginia,  commanded  cavalry  di 
vision.  His  6,000  troops  had  been  taught  as  dragoons. 
He  moved  south  from  Missouri  by  Crowley's  Ridge  in 
eastern  Arkansas.  A  junction  of  other  troops  with  his 
was  effected  at  White  River. 

Cavalry  Actions  of  Kelly's  Ford,  Rappahannock, 
Brandy  and  Culpeper  Stations,  Va.,  August  1st— 4th, 
1863.  John  Buford,  Kentucky,  was  engaged. 

August  4th  fleet  reconnoissance  up  the  James  River 
started.  It  was  severely  handled. 

The  Army  moved  from  Duvall's  Bluff  upon  Little  Rock 
August  18th,  Davidson  commanding  the  cavalry. 

Federals  shelled  Chattanooga  August  21st. 

Thos.  H.  Patterson,  Louisiana,  participated  in  an  at 
tack  upon  and  capture  of  a  flying  battery  a  few  miles 
above  Fort  Fisher  August  23d. 

August  25th  many  regiments  were  in  the  squares  of 
New  York  City  to  enforce  the  draft. 

Patterson  destroyed  the  Clipper  Hebb  August  26th. 

Action  of  Rocky  Gap  or  White  Sulphur  Springs,  August 
26th-27th.  J.  R.  Meigs,  District  of  Columbia,  was  en 
gaged. 

Campaigns  of  Knoxville  and  Chickamauga.  The  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  started  from  Winchester,  Tenn.,  for 
Chattanooga.  Another  army  started  from  Lexington, 
Ky.,  for  Knoxville  the  same  day. 

Saml.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee,  commanding  a  cavalry  divi 
sion,  had  the  advance  in  the  occupation  of  east  Tennessee 


156      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

in  August  and  September,  1863.  L.  D.  Watkins,  Florida, 
was  engaged  with  him.  Carter  defeated  Morgan's  forces 
near  Emory  August  28th,  and  Smith's  forces  at  London 
August  29th. 

The  Army  of  the  Cumberland  began  crossing  the  Ten 
nessee  River  August  29th.  Thomas'  corps  and  the  20th 
corps  crossed  thirty  miles  below  Chattanooga.  They 
moved  against  Bragg's  communications  southward,  to  force 
the  evacuation  of  Chattanooga.  The  passes  through 
which  the  Army  crossed  Lookout  Range  were  two,  twenty- 
six  and  forty-twro  miles  south  of  Chattanooga,  taken  re 
spectively  by  Crittenden's,  Thomas'  and  the  20th  corps. 
The  indication  was  that  Bragg  was  falling  back  upon 
Rome  to  save  his  communications. 

Geo.  M.  Bache,  District  of  Columbia,  made  a  successful 
raid  in  the  White  River  in  August,  1863.  With  the  Lex 
ington,  Cricket  and  Marmora  he  went  up  the  White.  He 
sent  the  Cricket  up  the  Little  Red  River  and  proceeded 
to  Augusta. 

Knoxville  was  occupied  September  2d.  There  were 
nine  Kentucky  regiments  and  some  Tennessee  regiments  in 
this  army. 

Fort  Wagner  and  Battery  Gregg,  Charleston  Harbor, 
were  evacuated  by  the  Confederates  the  night  of  September 
6th,  1863.  A.  R.  McNair,  Louisiana,  of  the  navy,  and 
Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian  Territory,  of  the  army,  were  among 
those  engaged  in  the  operations  against  them. 

September  7th,  1863,  Justice  Campbell,  a  southerner 
who  had  resigned  from  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  at  the  outbreak  of  the  War,  wrote :  "  The  condition 
of  things  in  the  mountain  districts  of  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina,  Georgia  and  Alabama  menaces  the  ex 
istence  of  the  Confederacy  as  fatally  as  either  of  the 
armies  of  the  United  States." 

Capture  of  Cumberland  Gap,  September  9th.  J.  M. 
Shackelford,  Kentucky,  received  the  surrender  of  the  force 
of  2,000  under  Frazier,  and  14  guns. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      157 

Lee  relinquished  Longstreet  and  his  two  divisions,  or 
ders  of  September  9th,  to  swell  Bragg's  army  in  the 
Chickamauga  campaign. 

Occupation  of  Chattanooga,  September  9th.  T.  L. 
Crittenden,  Kentucky,  took  possession  with  troops  of 
Wood's  division. 

Crittenden  was  ordered  September  10th  to  seek  the  Con 
federates  in  the  direction  of  Ringgold.  A  negro  that 
evening  informed  T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  of  the  position 
of  Bragg's  army  about  Lafayette.  Wood  reported  the 
information  to  headquarters  at  Chattanooga.  A  brigade 
was  ordered  to  reconnoiter  toward  Lafayette,  which  met 
an  opposing  force  and  forced  it  back  across  the  Chicka 
mauga  River  at  Lee  &  Gordon's  mills.  T.  L.  Crittenden 
was  ordered  to  the  mills  and  Thomas  to  Lafayette. 
Thomas  met  a  resistance  that  convinced  him  he  was  in 
the  presence  of  the  Confederate  army.  Crittenden's  re- 
connoissance  south  of  the  mills  sustained  Thomas'  opin 
ion.  Thomas'  troops  were  withdrawn  from  a  dangerous 
position,  Bragg  having  concentrated  to  strike  them. 
Thomas  took  the  responsibility  of  ordering  that  the  20th 
corps,  fifty  miles  distant  on  the  way  to  Rome,  close  up 
with  him. 

J.  W.  Davidson,  Virginia,  effected  a  crossing  of  the 
Arkansas  River  September  10th,  despite  efforts  of  men 
left  on  the  south  side.  He  fought  a  sharp  action  at 
Bayou  Fourches,  five  miles  out  from  Little  Rock,  for  two 
hours,  batteries  on  the  north  bank  aiding  him.  The  Con 
federates  fell  back  to  Little  Rock.  Price  brought  over 
his  main  force  from  north  of  the  river  on  account  of 
Davidson's  turning  his  position,  and  then  evacuated  Little 
Rock.  About  1,000  prisoners  were  captured  in  this  expe 
dition.  Davidson  showed  courage  and  skill.  T.  H.  Ben- 
ton,  Tennessee,  and  Jas.  M.  True,  Kentucky,  were  engaged. 

Bragg  moved  against  Crittenden  about  the  llth.  His 
combinations  failed  of  execution.  September  12th  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  was  concentrating  to  fight  at 


158      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Lafayette.  That  day,  S.  A.  Hurlbut,  in  command  of 
Memphis,  forwarded  report  that  J.  E.  Johnston  was  re- 
enforcing  Bragg  at  Chattanooga,  saying  he  thought  the 
report  true. 

September  13th,  1863,  Crittenden  made  dispositions  for 
defense.  He  sent  a  force  to  reconnoiter  toward  Lafayette, 
which  met  Confederates  near  Lee  &  Gordon's  mills,  and 
drove  them  three  miles.  This  aggressive  movement  dis 
concerted  Polk,  and,  instead  of  obeying  repeated  orders 
to  attack  he  called  for  reinforcements.  Polk  had  received 
three  distinct  orders  to  attack  at  daylight.  The  20th 
corps  withdrew  that  day  and  moved  to  join  Thomas. 
From  September  13th  to  17th  Thomas  advanced  his  corps 
slightly  day  by  day. 

Action  and  capture  of  Culpeper  C.  H.,  Va.,  September 
13th.  A.  Pleasanton  and  Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia, 
were  engaged  in  this  creditable  affair. 

On  September  17th  the  three  corps  of  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland  were  in  supporting  distance  of  one  an 
other.  Thomas  closed  up  on  Crittenden. 

J.  B.  Wheeler,  North  Carolina,  was  Chief  Engineer  of 
the  Army  of  Arkansas,  September  18th,  1863  to  the  end 
of  the  War. 


CHAPTER  VI 

CHICKAMAUOA  —  CHATTANOOGA  —  MINE  RUN  —  TUNNEL 
HILL  —  RED  RIVER  CAMPAIGN  —  WILDERNESS. 

BATTLE  of  Chickamauga.  North  of  Lee  &  Gordon's 
mills  is  Alexander's  bridge  over  the  Chickamauga  Creek, 
and  north  of  that  is  Reed's  bridge.  September  18th  the 
Confederates  fought  at  Alexander's  bridge,  were  repulsed 
by  one  of  Reynolds'  brigades  and  crossed  at  a  ford  below. 
That  afternoon  they  forced  the  crossing  of  Reed's  bridge. 
During  the  night  a  great  part  of  the  Confederate  army 
crossed  to  the  west  side  of  the  Chickamauga.  Crittenden 
formed  the  left  wing  on  the  18th,  and  Bragg  aimed  to 
turn  his  left  flank,  occupy  the  Lafayette  road  running 
north  and  south  and  cut  the  Army  off  from  Chattanooga. 
Thomas,  however,  also  moved  from  the  center  past  Crit 
tenden,  and  thus,  unknown  to  the  Confederates,  held  the 
left,  prolonging  the  Federal  position  considerably  to  the 
north  of  Crittenden,  while  the  presence  of  a  great  part 
of  the  Confederate  army  west  of  the  Chickamauga  was 
unknown  to  the  Federals.  The  20th  corps  remained  the 
Federal  right  wing. 

Battle  of  Chickamauga,  September  19th  and  20th,  1863. 
Bragg  commenced  early  the  19th  trying  to  turn  the  Fed 
eral  left  and  gain  the  road  into  Chattanooga,  hoping  to 
throw  his  army  between  the  Federal  Army  and  Chatta 
nooga  without  discovery.  Thomas  directed  J.  M.  Bran- 
nan,  District  of  Columbia,  with  two  brigades,  to  recon- 
noiter  toward  Reed's  bridge,  which  the  Federals  had 
burnt  the  evening  before,  and  capture,  if  possible,  a  force 
which  had  crossed  before  the  bridge  had  been  burnt,  the 
Confederate  forces  extending  far  beyond  not  being  visible. 
Brannan's  reconnoissance  developed  the  Confederates  and 

159 


160      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

brought  on  the  battle,  disturbing  Bragg's  combinations, 
and  preventing  the  blow  from  being  sudden.  Thomas  was 
in  chief  command  on  the  field  this  day.  The  center  had 
not  connected  with  him.  T.  L.  Crittenden,  Kentucky, 
directed  J.  M.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  to  reconnoiter  the  road 
north.  The  noise  of  battle  was  heard  ere  it  could  return. 
Brannan  posted  the  brigade  of  J.  T.  Croxton,  Kentucky, 
to  the  left,  and  with  two  more  moved  forward.  Croxton 
also  advanced  and  encountered  three  brigades  of  cavalry 
under  Forrest,  which  were  covering  Bragg's  right  flank. 
Forrest  called  up  infantry.  Thomas  rode  forward  to  see 
what  was  happening,  and  found  Croxton  heavily  engaged, 
but  holding  his  ground,  and  ordered  up  supports.  Bran- 
nan  also  sent  reenforcement  to  Croxton's  left.  The  Fed 
erals  were  beaten  back.  Bragg  was  surprised  to  find  such 
a  force  on  the  Federal  left.  He  supposed  Brannan  was 
trying  to  turn  his  right  flank  and  suspended  dispositions. 
There  was  then  a  chasm  between  Thomas  and  Crittenden. 
Thomas  obtained  from  Crittenden  support  in  the  shape 
of  Palmer's  division.  Croxton  drove  the  Confederates 
about  a  half  mile.  The  Federals  there  advanced  and 
pressed  the  Confederates  back.  R.  W.  Johnson,  Ken 
tucky,  had  hurried  from  Crawfish  Springs  arriving  almost 
simultaneously  with  Palmer,  and  just  in  time  to  prevent 
the  rout  of  the  Federal  left.  Cheatham  advanced  to  the 
support  of  the  Confederate  forces,  but  was  hurled  back 
by  an  attacking  column  which  Thomas  had  organized,  the 
reinforcements  overlapping  the  Confederates.  Palmer, 
with  Johnson  on  the  left,  moved  forward,  and,  after  an 
hour's  fighting,  forced  Cheatham  back  a  mile  and  a  half, 
Johnson  capturing  seven  guns  with  a  large  number  of 
prisoners.  Reynolds  arriving  soon  after  Johnson,  formed 
to  the  right  here.  Crittenden  moved  troops  to  fill  a  gap 
yet  remaining  between  him  and  Thomas.  Early  in  the 
day  the  Confederates  unsuccessfully  attempted  to  cross 
the  Chickamauga  near  Lee  &  Gordon's  mills. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      161 

During  a  lull,  Thomas,  to  strengthen  his  left,  retired 
Brannan's  and  another  division  to  a  commanding  position 
on  the  road  to  Reed's  bridge.  The  Confederates  struck 
Thomas  further  down  the  line  than  the  first  attack  and 
took  ten  guns.  The  broken  troops  were  reenforced.  The 
reorganized  division  of  Brannan  came  to  their  support. 
In  transferring  Brannan's  division  from  the  left  to  the 
right  of  Reynolds,  Thomas  drove  back  the  Confederates 
after  his  line  had  been  pierced.  Brannan  made  a  striking 
charge  upon  the  victorious  Confederates.  Some  of  the 
guns  were  recaptured.  Palmer  had  sent  supports.  Five 
brigades  had  been  borne  back  with  broken  lines,  when 
Thomas  moved  Brannan  in  the  exigency  from  his  left  to 
his  disordered  right.  J.  T.  Croxton,  Kentucky,  defeated 
the  effort  to  turn  Reynolds'  right  and  rear.  He  reached 
there  just  in  time.  The  timely  reenforcement,  the  quick 
reformation  of  portions  of  Palmer's  and  Reynolds'  divi 
sions,  and  the  play  of  artillery,  arrested  the  disaster. 
The  artillery  was  especially  effective.  When  the  Confed 
erates  moved  through  the  chasm  they  were  met  by  troops 
from  Crittenden  and  Brannan's,  which  wheeled  upon  them 
from  near  Kelley's  house.  With  Johnson,  Reynolds 
helped  greatly  in  repulsing  the  attack.  Reynolds,  by 
able  generalship  and  hard  fighting,  restored  the  broken 
line  in  his  front.  Bragg's  whole  right  had  been  stopped. 

At  3  P.  M.  Hood  attacked  the  right  center.  Troops 
had  been  sent  to  turn  the  Confederate  left  and  were  met 
by  a  large  force  moving  to  separate  the  two  wings  of  the 
.Federal  army.  Two  brigades  were  driven  from  position. 
There  was  then  a  wide  breach  in  the  Federal  right  center. 
The  Confederates  had  captured  artillery  and  seized  the 
Chattanooga  road.  Reinforcements  came  up.  Thos.  J. 
Wood,  Kentucky,  moved  with  two  brigades.  The  efforts 
of  the  Confederates  to  pass  around  the  right  of  the  troops 
to  the  north  of  him  were  defeated.  The  Confederates 
were  forced  back  by  Wood  and  three  other  fresh  divisions. 


162      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Wood  was  valiant  and  effective.     His  horse  was  killed  un 
der  him. 

At  5  P.  M.  the  Confederates  renewed  the  battle  against 
the  left  flank,  pressing  it  heavily.  Thomas  had  selected 
ground  for  a  new  and  more  compact  line.  Before  John 
son's  division  and  another  could  be  withdrawn  to  it,  they 
were  attacked  by  Cleburne's  fresh  division,  supported  by 
Cheatham's.  The  left  flank  was  forced  back  some  distance. 
After  a  heavy  night  conflict  of  an  hour,  the  Confederates 
were  stopped.  The  rapid  movement  of  the  whole  army 
to  the  left  had  saved  it.  The  dispositions  had  prevented 
the  success  of  Bragg's  strategy  and  tactics.  Late  in  the 
day  a  Confederate  effort  at  Lee  &  Gordon's  mills  was  re 
pulsed.  The  three  corps  had  been  mixed.  Thomas  was 
handling  one  division  each  from  the  other  two  corps. 
Crittenden  had  two  divisions  posted  to  support  either  the 
left  or  the  right. 

Longstreet  reached  Ringgold  in  the  evening  with  several 
brigades.  During  the  night  he  reenforced  Bragg.  The 
next  day  he  commanded  the  left  wing  and  Polk  the  right 
wing. 

Thomas  made  rude  breastworks  of  logs,  found  in  the 
woods,  stones  and  rails  along  his  entire  front  during  the 
night,  which  were  of  essential  service  the  next  day. 

Battle  of  Chickamauga,  September  20th.  This  day  the 
Federals  had  both  flanks  well  refused.  Thomas  com 
manded  the  six  divisions  on  the  left;  there  were  two  at 
the  right,  and  Crittenden  commanded  the  two  in  reserve. 
The  Confederates  outflanked  Thomas'  left.  There  was  a 
heavy  fog  and  Polk  did  not  attack  at  daylight  as  ordered. 
Thomas  desired  one  of  his  divisions  for  his  left  flank. 
Crittenden  directed  Wood  to  relieve  it,  and  directed  that 
two  brigades  take  position  in  rear  of  Wood  in  reserve. 
Only  one  of  the  brigades  sent  to  Thomas  was  ready  in  time 
for  his  left  flank.  The  Confederates  attacked  heavily  and 
Thomas'  left  flank  was  overlapped,  but  Thomas  placed 
troops  who  checked  the  onslaught  into  his  flank  and  rear. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     163 

The  Confederate  attack  was  broken,  Thomas'  artillery 
being  especially  effective.  Thomas  had  repeated  his  re 
quest  for  reinforcements.  Another  of  the  brigades  from 
Crittenden  came.  Thomas  withstood  heavy  frontal  as 
saults.  Two  more  brigades  on  the  right  were  ordered  to 
Thomas,  a  third  to  follow.  Crittenden  was  directed  to  send 
two  brigades.  All  but  one  of  the  reserve  brigades  were 
thereby  put  in  motion  to  the  left.  Wood  moved  to  pass 
behind  Brannan  and  support  Reynolds  just  as  Longstreet 
attacked.  A  reserve  brigade  was  thrown  toward  the  wide 
vacant  space.  Longstreet  was  soon  upon  them.  The  last 
brigade  of  Wood's  division  to  leave  position  was  severed 
as  it  retired  and  Brannan  was  struck  in  flank.  When 
Brannan  was  struck,  he  gathered  his  division  on  a  hill  at 
right  angles  to  his  former  position  and  half  a  mile  in 
rear  of  Reynolds.  He  took  a  strong  position,  but  isolated, 
a  high  knoll  called  Snodgrass  hill,  on  the  curving  ridge 
running  east  then  north,  named  "  Horse  Shoe  Ridge,"  to 
the  right  and  rear  of  his  former  one.  The  Federal  right 
wing  was  routed.  After  some  order  had  been  restored, 
that  wing  retreated  on  to  Chattanooga.  Crittenden  him 
self  was  borne  back  in  the  rush  and  went  to  Chattanooga. 
T.  J.  Harrison,  Kentucky,  coming  from  the  south,  met 
Longstreet's  left  with  a  most  effective  charge  with  one 
regiment,  armed  with  Spencer  repeating  rifles.  He  at 
tacked  the  Confederates  in  rear  and  took  200  prisoners 
back  south  toward  Crawfish  Spring.  One  of  Reynolds' 
brigades  with  Spencer's  also  attacked  from  that  quarter. 
Longstreet  thought  a  large  force  had  struck  his  left  flank, 
the  continuous  firing  deceiving  him.  The  Confederates 
broke  and  fled.  They  charged  again,  and  again  broke 
and  fled,  when  the  brigade  and  Harrison  poured  a  volley 
into  them.  Three  more  times  the  Confederates  charged 
and  were  hurled  back.  Harrison's  regiment  was  mounted 
infantry.  It  moved  off  under  orders,  and  helped  guard 
the  ammunition  train  to  Chattanooga.  The  rapid  move 
ment  of  Brannan's  batteries  threw  a  division  into  utter 


164      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

disorder,  and,  in  this  condition,  it  was  involved  in  the  rout 
of  all  the  troops  on  Brannan's  right.  There  was  artillery 
in  the  rear.  Many  guns  fell  into  the  Confederates'  hands. 
Brannan's  right  flank,  in  swinging  back  under  fire,  when 
the  line  was  broken,  was  thrown  into  temporary  confusion. 
His  left  was  secure,  and  order  was  soon  restored.  He  was 
able  to  maintain  position  until  a  lull  enabled  him  to  gain 
the  new  one.  Reynolds'  right  flank  was  exposed.  He 
changed  front  so  as  to  be  at  right  angles  with  the  line  on 
his  left.  There  he  held  firmly  to  Palmer's  right.  Wood 
moved  to  fill  the  gap  between  Reynolds  and  Brannan.  If 
he  should  be  unable  to  occupy  and  hold  this  interval,  Long- 
street  would  be  in  position  to  pass  through,  cut  off  Bran- 
nan,  turn  and  strike  Reynolds  and  then  attack  the  three 
divisions  which  held  of  the  original  line  on  the  left.  Wood 
coolly  changed  front  under  fire,  so  as  to  face  south  instead 
of  east,  and  caused  one  of  his  brigades  to  charge  with  fixed 
bayonets.  The  Confederates  fell  back  and  Wood  gained 
time  to  fill  the  gap  between  Reynolds  and  Brannan  par 
tially.  All  the  divisions  left  on  the  field  were  commanded 
by  southerners  except  one  of  Thomas'  divisions.  Wood 
reported  to  Thomas.  Thomas'  extreme  left  had  again  re 
pulsed  attacks  simultaneously  with  an  attack  upon  his 
right,  which,  too,  was  repulsed.  When  Longstreet  broke 
through,  Thomas  had  ridden  to  his  right  to  hurry  up  re- 
enforcements  for  the  left.  The  Confederates  advanced  in 
the  woods  in  rear  of  Reynolds.  Thomas  had  expected 
help  from  that  quarter.  He  had  just  repulsed  Brecken- 
ridge's  attack  on  the  left.  Three  brigades  had  double- 
quicked  across  the  Horse  Shoe  (now  the  shape  of  the  Fed 
eral  line,  both  flanks  having  been  bent  and  extended  back 
to  meet  Confederates  threatening  to  work  around  into  the 
Federal  rear)  to  the  Federal  new  right.  They  were  barely 
in  time.  Stewart  and  Bate  to  the  right  of  Longstreet  had 
taken  up  his  attack.  Thomas  chose  the  strong  position  on 
a  spur  of  Missionary  Ridge  at  right  angles  to  his  old  line 
and  placed  troops.  For  a  time  there  were  but  five  divisions 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     165 

in  line  against  the  whole  Confederate  army.  Confederates 
were  concentrating  on  both  flanks,  and  made  heavy  as 
saults.  From  noon  Thomas'  line  stood  the  attack.  The 
approach  of  hostile  columns  first  revealed  to  Thomas  some 
what  of  the  condition  on  the  right,  though  he  did  not  learn 
the  extent  of  the  disaster  till  late  in  the  day.  He  received 
report  from  one  of  his  staff  of  being  fired  upon  by  troops 
in  the  rear  of  Reynolds.  He  gave  orders  they  should  be 
fired  upon  if  proven  hostile.  Fighting  soon  disclosed  that 
the  Federal  right  had  been  turned.  Thomas  directed  Wood 
to  form  on  the  left  of  Brannan  and  notified  Reynolds  that 
Confederates  were  in  his  rear.  The  Confederate  left  wing 
then  fell  upon  Wood  and  Brannan.  They  resisted  furious 
onslaughts.  They  were  insulated,  and  a  strong  Confed 
erate  force  passed  around  Brannan's  right  flank  to  his 
rear.  Thomas  took  position  in  the  rear  of  Wood's  line. 
With  no  troops  between,  he  now  saw  the  Confederates  ad 
vancing  in  a  direction  to  strike  him  before  he  could  reach 
his  troops.  At  this  dire  moment,  reinforcements  from  the 
north  around  Ringgold  came  —  Whittaker,  Kentucky,  and 
another  brigade.  As  the  Confederates  moved  down  the 
northern  slope  of  the  ridge  toward  the  rear  of  Brannan 
and  Wood,  Whittaker's  and  the  other  brigade  were  hurled 
at  them,  drove  them  over  the  ridge  and  formed  on  Bran- 
nan's  right,  but  lost  heavily.  These  two  brigades  were  the 
salvation  of  the  army.  They  stopped  the  advance  into 
Thomas'  rear.  Of  Whittaker's  staff  officers  three  were 
killed,  three  wounded,  and  one  killed  or  captured.  Long- 
street  had  flanked  the  new  Federal  right.  Whittaker  had 
marched  about  four  miles  to  the  battlefield.  To  the  south 
of  Thomas'  line  was  a  gorge.  As  Whittaker  approached, 
the  Confederates  who  had  passed  the  gorge  and  were  form 
ing  on  the  ridge  for  assault  hesitated.  Whittaker,  when 
sent  against  the  Confederates  in  the  gorge  and  on  the  ridge, 
advanced  in  two  lines  at  double-quick.  When  well  up  the 
ridge  the  men,  almost  exhausted,  were  halted  for  breath. 
The  Confederates  were  dislodged.  His  brigade  plunged 


166     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

into  the  gorge  through  which  Hindman's  left  was  pouring. 
Thomas'  direction  of  the  troops  drove  the  Confederates 
over  the  hills  at  3 :35  p.  M.  Whittaker  was  wounded,  and 
four  of  his  five  staff  officers  were  killed  or  mortally 
wounded.  At  3  p.  M.  Longstreet  had  called  for  reenforce- 
ments.  They  were  not  given,  and  Longstreet  attacked 
again.  Twice  the  Confederates  charged  and  were  driven 
back  from  the  ridge.  In  repelling  Longstreet's  third  as 
sault,  the  4th  Kentucky  regiment  joined  one  of  Brannan's 
brigades  and  fought  with  it  until  night.  Wood's  and 
Brannan's  men  rushed  at  the  Confederates  with  the  bayonet 
and  sent  them  down  the  slopes.  A  Kentucky  brigade  lost 
75%  of  its  strength.  Longstreet  put  in  his  reserve  division 
—  Preston's.  Hindman  was,  however,  driven  from  the  hill 
above  Villetoe's  by  Whittaker's  and  the  other  brigade  from 
Ringgold,  notwithstanding  which,  Preston  was  put  in,  and 
Longstreet  renewed  the  attack  with  his  whole  force.  Long- 
street,  in  heavy  force,  was  repeatedly  repulsed.  The  Fed 
eral  position  was  like  a  parapet  —  finely  defensive.  One 
of  Palmer's  brigades  was  put  in  between  Wood  and  Reyn 
olds. 

Bragg  again  attempted  to  turn  Thomas'  left  and  gain 
the  Rossville  road.  He  partly  succeeded.  Thomas  had 
not  been  reenforced  save  by  one  brigade  of  Wood's  di 
vision.  Breckenridge,  on  the  Confederate  right,  took  in 
reverse  the  Federal  main  line  near  Kelley's.  He  had  no 
support ;  he  advanced  boldly,  but  was  overwhelmed  by  the 
reserve  brigades  of  Johnson's,  Palmer's  and  Brannan's  di 
visions.  He  was  driven  around  Thomas'  left.  Furious 
attacks  upon  Palmer  and  Johnson  failed.  None  of  the 
divisions  on  Thomas'  left  was  engaged  again  until  late  in 
the  afternoon.  Two  brigades  were  returned  to  the  Federal 
right.  About  1 :30  one  of  Brannan's  brigades  arrived 
from  a  successful  charge  on  Breckenridge.  It  was  about 
1 :30  Snodgrass  hill  was  assaulted.  Brannan's  right  was 
overlapped. 

After   awhile   Thomas   received   orders   placing  him   in 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     167 

command  of  all  the  forces.  He  felt  that  it  would  ruin  the 
army  to  withdraw  it  at  that  time,  and  determined  to  try  to 
hold  the  position  till  night.  He  tried  to  have  two  of  the 
routed  right-wing  divisions  which  had  stopped  from  their 
flight  brought  up  to  aid  his  right,  but  they  were  found  to 
have  moved  on  and  only  one  returned.  The  17th  Kentucky 
regiment  reached  it. 

The  Confederate  right  attacked  at  4  p.  M.  Cleburne  car 
ried  the  breastworks,  and  Breckenridge  and  Walker  pushed 
on,  passing  the  Chattanooga  road,  when  their  right  was  un 
able  to  overcome  the  forces  covering  the  Federals'  re 
treat. 

Some  one  had  ordered  Thomas'  corps  ammunition  train 
to  Chattanooga,  and  many  division  trains,  separated,  had 
gone  to  the  rear.  Ammunition  on  the  battle  line  got  short. 

The  Federal  east  front  fell  back,  and  the  two  Confed 
erate  wings  united.  Preston  gained  the  ridge  running  east 
from  Snodgrass  hill  a  half  hour  later.  Longstreet's  at 
tack  at  4:30  gained  the  salient.  Two  captains  whom 
Thomas  had  sent  to  the  rear  for  ammunition  came  back. 
Ammunition  was  supplied  and  orders  to  withdraw  by  di 
visions  at  5  :30  were  issued  —  Reynolds  first.  Thomas,  go 
ing  to  direct  him,  met  a  force  that  had  gained  the  woods  in 
Reynolds'  rear.  He  ordered  Reynolds  to  charge  them. 
The  Confederates  yielded  there.  Part  of  them  were  driven 
beyond  Thomas'  left.  Thomas  posted  brigades  to  hold  the 
road  while  the  troops  passed  by.  Palmer,  Johnson,  and 
his  left  flank  division  were  attacked  as  they  left  position. 
The  division  called  up  by  Thomas  from  the  routed  right 
wing  neared  the  field  about  night.  Thomas  often  came 
within  speaking  distance  of  the  men  during  the  day. 
Wood,  Kentucky,  was  struck  several  times  and  severely 
contused.  Whittaker,  Kentucky,  lost  154  killed,  654 
wounded  and  518  missing,  total  1,326  —  a  noteworthy  rec 
ord.  J.  T.  Croxton,  Kentucky,  was  wounded.  The  serv 
ices  of  the  brave  Brannan,  Johnson,  Palmer,  Wood  and 
Reynolds  are  worthy  of  mention.  Durbin  Ward,  Ken- 


168     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

tucky,  fought  with  merit.  He  was  severely  wounded. 
Alex.  M.  Stout,  Kentucky,  was  engaged.  Rousseau  was 
engaged  in  the  Chickamauga  campaign.  Eli  Long,  Ken 
tucky,  was  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  Wheeler  and  Roddy. 
L.  D.  Watkins,  Florida,  commanded  a  cavalry  brigade. 

Thomas  was  ordered  to  Rossville  Gap.  During  the  night 
he  formed  a  new  line  at  Rossville. 

At  Chickamauga,  the  rout  of  half  the  army  going  on, 
Thomas  had  to  fight  the  whole  victorious  Confederate 
army  with  the  remaining  half,  or  conform  in  the  direction 
of  retreat.  His  decision  commanded  plaudit.  With 
calamities  crowding,  accumulating  disorders,  he  kept  in 
domitable,  composed  and  resourceful.  His  defensive  bat 
tle  of  Chickamauga  shines  in  the  line  of  the  great  defensive 
battles. 

September  21st  Thomas  was  occupied  in  checking  the 
Confederate  advance  on  Chattanooga.  He  made  arrange 
ments  for  withdrawal  from  Rossville  to  Chattanooga,  and 
the  troops  marched  to  Chattanooga  during  the  night. 

September  22d  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  was  placed 
in  positions  around  Chattanooga.  Weakened,  it  was  in 
peril  there.  Marching  orders  were  received  September 
22d  for  the  llth  and  12th  corps  to  go  from  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  to  its  assistance.  The  movement  com 
menced  from  the  east  side  of  the  Rappahannock  the  24th. 
Bragg  had  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  invested  in  Chat 
tanooga  by  the  24th.  Reinforcements  were  sent  also  from 
Vicksburg  and  the  Department  including  it. 

Alex.  A.  Semmes,  District  of  Columbia,  made  a  demon 
stration  on  Bayport,  Fla.,  in  September,  1863,  which  re 
sulted  in  the  destruction  of  an  English  blockade-runner. 

Wm.  P.  Sanders,  Kentucky,  became  Chief  of  Cavalry, 
Department  of  the  Ohio,  in  September,  1863. 

Jas.  H.  Stokes,  Maryland,  was  in  the  Chattanooga 
campaign,  in  command  of  an  artillery  division,  October, 
1863,  to  February,  1864. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     169 

John  Newton,  Virginia,  was  in  the  Rapidan  campaign, 
October  to  December,  1863. 

Bragg  sent  cavalry  against  his  opponent's  communica 
tions,  which  captured  McMinnville  October  4th. 

Near  Murfreesboro  a  saber  charge  by  the  2d  Kentucky, 
led  by  Eli  Long,  Kentucky,  dislodged  Wheeler's  rear 
guard. 

At  Duck  River  Long  made  a  headlong  charge  against 
Davidson's  division,  and  drove  the  Confederates  13  miles, 
killing  and  capturing  many.  At  Farmington  Long  was 
wounded.  He  fought  well. 

Bragg  bombarded  Chattanooga  October  5th. 

October  7th  Lee  was  at  work  in  a  turning  movement 
of  the  Federal  right  flank.  The  Federals  fell  back,  cross 
ing  the  Rappahannock.  John  Buford,  Kentucky,  cov 
ered  the  movement. 

Action  of  Auburn,  October  7th.  French,  Maryland, 
was  engaged. 

Action  of  Brandy  Station,  October  llth.  A.  Pleas- 
anton,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  command. 

Fort  Morgan,  October  12th.  Wm.  K.  Mayo,  Virginia, 
naval  officer,  fought  with  credit. 

Shelby,  Confederate,  had  entered  Missouri.  He  cap 
tured  several  posts  in  southwest  Missouri.  In  an  action 
near  Marshall,  Mo.,  October  13th,  he  was  defeated  and 
his  artillery  captured,  and  his  command  scattered  by  Mis 
souri  militia.  He  was  pursued  out  of  the  State. 

P.  St.  George  Cooke,  Virginia,  was  in  command  of  the 
Baton  Rouge  District  from  October  13th,  1863,  to  May, 
1864. 

Action  at  Auburn,  Va.,  October  14th.  S.  S.  Carroll  was 
engaged. 

Combat  of  Bristoe  Station,  Va.,  October  14th.  A.  P. 
Hill  was  about  to  attack  the  3d  corps  when  the  5th  corps, 
bringing  up  the  rear  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  unex 
pectedly  approached  his  rear.  He  faced  about,  they 


170     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

fought,  and  the  5th  corps  gained  an  advantage,  withdraw 
ing  on  Ewell's  approach.  The  Confederates  were  pun 
ished  smartly.  John  Buford  and  S.  S.  Carroll  were  en 
gaged. 

The  Federals  continued  north  to  Centreville.  After 
ward,  Lee  fell  back,  followed  by  the  Federal  army. 

George  H.  Thomas,  Virginia,  was  in  command  of  the 
Department  and  Army  of  the  Cumberland  from  October 
19th,  1863. 

Bragg  commanded  the  Tennessee  River,  and  the  rail 
road  above  Bridgeport,  and  the  shortest  and  best  wagon 
roads  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  between  Bridgeport  and 
Chattanooga.  The  roundabout  route  for  the  Federals  was 
over  sixty  miles,  while  the  distance  by  railroad  was  only 
twenty-six.  October  19th  the  Brown's  Ferry  route  was 
discovered.  Thomas  received  the  information.  He  was 
engaged  in  opening  communications  by  the  Tennessee 
River  and  Lookout  Valley  to  November  24th.  The  army 
was  not  in  a  condition  to  retreat  over  the  poor  routes  ac 
cessible,  and  Thomas  determined  to  hold  Chattanooga  to 
privation. 

Confederate  cavalry  north  of  the  Tennessee  River 
stopped  a  train  of  ammunition  and  medical  supplies. 
Thomas  ordered  the  concentration  of  the  llth  and  12th 
corps  at  Bridgeport.  By  October  22d,  he  had  ordered  and 
commenced  the  work  of  opening  communication  via  Bridge 
port.  His  efforts  for  improved  order  were  responded  to 
by  the  troops.  The  llth  and  12th  corps  remained  under 
him,  after  October  24th,  augmenting  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  but  the  troops  which  later  made  the  left  wing 
—  i.  e.,  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  were  not  under  his 
command. 

Fort  Sumter  was  bombarded  during  forty  days  and 
nights  beginning  October  26th,  1863. 

Troops  of  the  llth  and  12th  corps  crossed  at  Bridge 
port,  October  26th. 

Cane  Creek,  Ala.,  October  26th.     Blair,  Kentucky,  oo 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     171 

cupied  Tuscumbia  October  27th,  after  the  fight  at  Cane 
Creek. 

Brown's  Ferry  was  taken  by  Thomas  October  27th. 
The  llth  and  12th  corps,  under  Thomas'  direction,  moved 
to  effect  a  junction  and  restore  communications  to  Chat 
tanooga  the  27th.  They  connected  at  Brown's  Ferry 
28th,  and  the  river  was  thus  secured  from  Lookout  Val 
ley  to  Bridgeport,  breaking  the  fatal  power  of  the  siege. 
Afterward  Brannan,  District  of  Columbia,  as  Chief  of 
Artillery  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  was  charged 
with  preparing  the  fortifications  for  heavier  guns,  and 
sending  for  such  guns  and  ammunition. 

J.  McA.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  14th  corps  October  28th,  1863. 

Combat  of  Wauhatchie,  Tenn.  Bragg  made  a  night  at 
tack  October  28th  on  some  of  Thomas'  troops  which  had 
connected  at  Brown's  Ferry.  Others  coming  up  from  the 
river,  the  Confederates  withdrew. 

October  30th,  representatives  from  about  twenty 
Arkansas  counties  assembled  at  Fort  Smith  to  take 
measures  for  forming  a  Federal  State  government.  A 
meeting  was  held  at  Little  Rock  that  day. 

Alex.  A.  Semmes,  District  of  Columbia,  attacked  the 
batteries  of  Tampa  in  October. 

Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian  Territory,  was  engaged  in  op 
erations  against  Charleston  till  November,  1863. 

J.  R.  Meigs,  District  of  Columbia,  was  Chief  Engineer, 
Department  of  West  Virginia,  November  3d,  1863,  to 
August  17th,  1864. 

Longstreet  left  the  vicinity  of  Chattanooga  for  hostili 
ties  against  Knoxville  November  4th. 

Action  of  Droop  Mountain,  W.  Va.,  November  6th. 
J.  R.  Meigs,  District  of  Columbia,  was  engaged. 

Mine  Run  Campaign.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac 
moved  against  Lee. 

Passage  of  Kelly's  Ford,  November  7th.  French,  with 
the  #d  and  3d  corps,  forced  the  passage. 


172     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Combat  of  Rappahanriock  Station,  Rappahannock  re 
doubts,  November  7th.  Federal  batteries  made  little  im 
pression,  and  near  night  the  Federals  charged,  and  cap 
tured  the  works.  The  Confederates  lost  1,674;  Federals 
417.  K.  Garrard,  Kentucky,  was  among  those  engaged. 
These  two  successes  enabled  the  army  to  cross  and  move 
south.  The  next  day  beyond  Brandy  Station  French 
pushed  the  Confederates. 

Combat  of  Campbell's  Station,  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  No 
vember  16th.  When  the  Confederates  came  upon  Knox 
ville,  Wm.  P.  Sanders,  Kentucky,  Chief  of  Cavalry,  de 
layed  them  with  some  cavalry  while  the  infantry  were  con 
structing  defensive  works.  He  held  his  position  next  day, 
while  using  his  men  dismounted  to  interpose  a  screen  while 
infantry  dug  the  trenches.  He  had  rail  barricades  for 
his  men.  He  exposed  his  person  when  necessary  to  keep 
his  men  from  retreating  therefrom.  He  was  mortally 
wounded.  Sanders  had  made  a  good  record.  The  time 
gained  was  precious.  The  Federals  fell  back  from  their 
first  position  when  the  Confederates  moved  to  flank  their 
left.  They  maintained  their  second  position  and  at  night 
continued  on  to  Knoxville.  Saml.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee, 
was  engaged. 

J.  M.  Shackelford,  Kentucky,  commanded  the  cavalry 
corps  at  Knoxville  from  November  17th  to  December  4th, 
1863. 

November  22d  Buckner's  division  was  sent  to  reenforce 
Longstreet  before  Knoxville. 

Battles  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  November  23d,  24th 
and  25th,  1863.  Thomas  commanded  all  of  the  army  ex 
cept  the  left  wing,  which  attacked  the  north  end  of  Mis 
sionary  Ridge.  He  proposed  that  the  12th  corps  push 
around  the  north  end  of  Lookout  Mountain,  dislodging  the 
Confederates.  Orchard  Knob  was  a  mile  south  of  the 
Federal  line,  and  was  the  advanced  position  of  the  Con 
federates.  Missionary  Ridge,  east  of  that,  extends  north 
and  south.  Bragg's  right  flank  rested,  not  on  the  north- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     173 

ermnost  summit  of  Missionary  Ridge,  but  on  the  third 
one  to  the  south  —  a  much  stronger  position. 

Orchard  Knob,  November  23d.  Thomas  executed  a 
reconnoissance  in  force,  so  disposing  his  forces  as  to  take 
advantage  of  the  success  gained.  Thomas  moved  Wood's 
and  another  division  to  the  foot  of  Fort  Wood  and  formed 
them  in  line,  Wood  on  the  left.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  held 
that  part  of  Thomas'  line  facing  south  and  southwest.  R. 
W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  commanded  one  of  the  two  di 
visions  of  Palmer's  corps.  The  llth  corps  was  in  rear 
of  the  center.  At  2  p.  M.  Thomas  advanced.  Wood  be 
gan  the  advance.  He  deployed  before  Fort  Wood,  moved 
forward  and  led  in  carrying  Orchard  Knob  and  a  hill  to 
the  right.  Other  troops  were  moved  up  on  the  right  and 
left,  Palmer  supporting  him.  Wood  struck  in  flank  Con 
federates  fighting  the  troops  laboring  for  the  position  on 
the  left.  The  reconnoissance  was  well  executed,  securing 
important  ground,  driving  Confederates  from  the  ad 
vanced  line.  Thomas  signaled  Wood :  "  You  have 
gained  too  much  to  withdraw;  hold  your  position  and  I 
will  support  you."  So  minor  heights  were  carried,  and  a 
line  a  mile  in  advance  was  obtained,  theretofore  occupied 
by  Confederates.  The  position  was  fortified.  This  suc 
cess  caused  Bragg  to  weaken  his  force  at  Lookout  Moun 
tain.  That  day  Thomas  directed  that  the  12th  corps 
make  a  demonstration  against  Lookout  Mountain  next 
morning,  and,  if  feasible,  take  it  at  the  north  point. 
During  the  night  of  the  23d,  Brannan,  Chief  of  Artillery, 
moved  forty  pieces  of  artillery,  and  placed  them  on  the 
north  side  of  the  Tennessee  River  so  as  to  command  the 
opposite  ground,  and  aid  in  protecting  the  approach  to 
the  point  where  the  south  end  of  the  bridge  to  be  used  by 
the  left  wing  in  crossing  was  to  rest. 

Lookout  Mountain,  November  24th.  The  brigade  of 
W.  C.  Whittaker,  Kentucky,  crossed  Lookout  Creek  at 
Wauhatchie,  drove  back  the  Confederate  pickets,  swept 
down  its  right  bank,  clearing  it  of  Confederates,  and 


174      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

covered  the  crossing  of  other  forces.  He  ascended  Look 
out  Mountain  on  the  west  side  to  the  foot  of  the  palisade, 
and,  with  other  troops,  marched  along  its  western  slope  to 
the  north  point.  Brannan  had  guns  at  Moccasin  Point, 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  which  opened 
a  direct  fire  on  the  north  point  of  Lookout.  The  Confed 
erates  along  the  western  side  were  driven.  The  12th 
corps  turned  the  northern  slope  of  Lookout  Mountain  at  1 
p.  M.,  Whittaker  highest  up.  On  Craven's  farm,  half-way 
up  the  point,  the  Confederates  made  a  stand,  but  were  de 
feated  and  retreated  down  the  eastern  side.  Brannan's  ar 
tillery  rendered  important  aid.  Some  Confederate  troops 
were  on  the  summit,  the  palisade  rising  between.  The 
12th  corps  connected  with  Thomas'  other  troops  this  day. 
He  directed  its  position  and  movements.  T.  C.  Fletcher, 
Missouri,  was  engaged. 

Missionary  Ridge,  November  24th.  This  demonstra 
tion  by  Thomas  against  the  Confederate  left  occupied 
Bragg  while  the  movement  against  his  right  was  gaining 
momentum.  Thomas  had  Eli  Long  move  on  the  left  flank 
of  the  combined  Federal  armies,  cross  Chickamauga  Creek 
with  his  brigade,  and  make  a  raid  upon  the  Confederate 
communications  to  the  northeast.  Long  crossed  on  the 
24th,  reached  Tyner's  Station,  and  went  as  far  as  Charles 
ton,  Tenn.  Three  divisions  of  the  left  wing  were  under  F. 
P.  Blair,  Kentucky.  The  left  wing  moved  over  the  Ten 
nessee  River  on  the  24th.  It  started  at  1  p.  M.  to  seize  a 
hill  at  the  north  of  Missionary  Ridge.  Cavalry  crossed  to 
the  east  of  South  Chickamauga  River  and  rode  to  strike 
communications  at  Chickamauga  Station.  The  llth 
corps,  of  Thomas,  effected  a  junction  with  the  left  wing, 
or  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  By  4  p.  M.  the  left  wing  had 
occupied  the  two  northernmost  summits  of  Missionary 
Ridge. 

Bragg  evacuated  Lookout  Mountain  during  the  night. 
Eight  volunteers  from  the  8th  Kentucky  infantry,  before 
daylight  25th,  ran  up  the  United  States  flag  on  the  pali- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     175 

sades    of   Lookout    Mountain.     The    Confederates    burnt 
bridges  over  Chattanooga  Creek. 

Missionary  Ridge,  November  25th.  Early  the  25th 
Thomas  had  the  12th  corps  march  south  toward  Rossville. 
Later,  he  ordered  an  advance  upon  Confederate  works  on 
their  left.  Both  armies  were  massed  heavily  on  the  east. 
The  Federal  efforts  to  turn  and  break  the  Confederate 
right  flank  failed.  There  was  a  depression  between  the 
hill  gained  by  the  Federal  left  wing  and  the  remainder  of 
Missionary  Ridge.  The  Federal  attack  was  repulsed.  A 
division  from  Thomas  was  sent  to  aid.  The  12th  corps 
was  delayed  four  hours  restoring  a  bridge  necessitated  by 
the  burning  of  the  bridges  over  Chattanooga  Creek.  As  a 
relief  to  the  left  wing,  Thomas  was  ordered  to  advance  a 
force  at  the  center  to  the  rifle-pits,  first  line,  and  re 
form,  without  waiting  for  Bragg  to  further  weaken  his 
center  to  meet  the  12th  corps  on  his  left.  The  12th  corps 
forded  Chattanooga  Creek  a  little  after  3  p.  M.  It  made 
for  Rossville  Gap  to  menace  the  Confederate  left  flank 
under  Thomas'  orders.  The  12th  corps  reached  the  Con 
federate  left  flank,  which  retreated  beyond  Rossville.  The 
12th  corps  was  then  disposed  to  sweep  northward  along 
Missionary  Ridge.  While  thus  forming,  Thomas'  center 
advance  was  made,  between  3  and  4  p.  M.,  Brannan's  guns 
supporting.  Thomas'  storming  line  was  two  and  a  half 
miles  front.  His  division  that  had  helped  the  left  wing 
had  returned.  Bragg  had  a  line  at  the  base,  another  half 
way  up,  and  intrenchments  at  the  top  of  Missionary  Ridge 
where  Thomas  assaulted.  His  troops  drove  the  Confed 
erates  who  were  in  front  of  the  lower  line  of  rifle-pits  so 
rapidly  and  followed  them  so  closely  that  they  went  over 
the  first  line  of  works  just  after  the  Confederates.  With 
out  orders,  being  exposed  to  a  fierce  fire,  they  started 
charging  up  from  the  rifle-pits.  Seeing  that  the  charge 
was  on,  Wood  and  others  gave  appropriate  orders  to  add 
weight  to  it.  The  Federals  were  so  close  behind  the  Con 
federates  ascending  the  ridge  that  the  latter  fired  high  to 


176      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

keep  from  killing  their  own  men.  The  Federals  did  not  re 
form,  but  went  on  over  the  second  line  and  made  for  the 
crest.  Wood  charged  on  horse-back.  Wood's  and  an 
other  division  climbed  over  the  Confederate  barrier  in  their 
fronts  on  the  crest,  part  of  the  Confederate  line  retreating 
precipitately.  Many  were  captured  and  many  others 
threw  away  their  arms  as  they  fled.  R.  W.  Johnson's  di 
vision  participated  in  the  charge  up  Missionary  Ridge  on 
the  right  center.  He  moved  up  the  ridge  in  line,  taking 
the  ridge  in  his  front.  Wood's  men  enfiladed  the  Confed 
erate  line.  The  12th  corps  swept  northward.  Johnson 
advanced,  capturing  many  troops  driven  north  along  the 
ridge  by  the  12th  corps.  He  moved  upon  Rossville.  At 
Rossville  the  12th  corps  had  come  upon  the  flank  of  a 
Confederate  division,  which  retreated  along  the  ridge  and 
were  thrown  on  Palmer's  corps,  many  being  captured. 
Thomas  captured  37  guns  on  the  summit.  The  12th 
corps  carried  works  on  the  summit  at  Bragg's  left  near  sun 
down.  One  of  Wood's  brigades  was  in  the  pursuit  down 
the  eastern  slope  of  Missionary  Ridge.  The  Confederates 
occupied  a  second  hill  in  rear  of  Missionary  Ridge  and  re 
sisted,  but  Thomas'  men  pushed  up  the  hill  slowly,  and 
moved  to  surround  it,  almost  succeeding  before  the  Con 
federates  hastily  fled,  leaving  artillery  and  many  prisoners 
—  a  large  part  of  the  entire  number  captured  on  the  field. 
Thomas'  left  division  participating  in  the  assault  had  the 
longest  fight  for  the  possession  of  the  ridge.  Bragg's 
headquarters  were  in  Thomas'  possession  just  before  sun 
set.  Wood  fought  till  dark.  In  the  battle  Thomas  cap 
tured  forty  pieces  of  artillery. 

In  the  battles  of  Chattanooga  Thomas  showed  to  ad 
vantage.  Palmer,  commanding  the  14th  corps,  and  Reyn 
olds  the  19th,  made  a  good  record.  Blair  commanded 
the  15th  corps.  Brannan,  commanding  the  Artillery  Re 
serve,  was  in  charge  of  the  artillery  of  the  combined  arm 
ies  of  the  Cumberland  and  the  Tennessee.  Chas.  Candy, 
Kentucky;  J.  A.  Williamson,  Kentucky;  Jas.  H.  Stokes, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      177 

Maryland,  and  Jos.  R.  Cockerill,  Virginia,  were  engaged. 
Eleven  Federal  Kentucky  regiments  were  at  Missionary 
Ridge.  Montgomery  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  provided  trans 
portation  and  supplies  for  the  forces  at  Chattanooga,  was 
present  during  the  bombardment  and  investment,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  battles  of  Chattanooga.  Rousseau  was  em 
ployed  in  the  Chattanooga  campaign. 

Chickamauga  Station,  November  26th. 

Palmer,  Kentucky,  in  pursuit  after  the  battles  of  Chat 
tanooga,  picked  up  many  prisoners  and  much  abandoned 
property.  He  overtook  and  charged  the  Confederate  rear 
guard,  breaking  it  and  capturing  three  guns. 

Eli  Long's  brigade  was  dispatched  for  the  relief  of 
Knoxville.  He  was  sent  with  picked  men  to  communicate 
with  the  besieged  army.  A  relieving  army  in  three  di 
visions,  which  were  to  act  independently,  marched  to  the 
relief  of  Knoxville.  Blair  commanded  the  right  division 
in  the  advance.  Wood  was  in  the  march. 

Mine  Run  Campaign.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac 
crossed  the  Rapidan  River  November  26th  and  moved  to 
ward  Mine  Run.  French,  Maryland,  crossed  at  Germanna 
Ford.  He  was  in  command  of  the  3d  corps. 

Payne's  Farm,  Va.,  November  27th,  1863.  French's  ad 
vance  was  checked  and  he  was  engaged. 

Combat  at  Ringgold  Gap,  November  27th.  Thomas 
fought.  The  Confederates  were  pushed  and  took  up  a 
retired  line. 

Mine  Run  Campaign.  A  Federal  corps  moved  the  night 
of  November  28th  to  flank  Lee's  right. 

Combat  of  Knoxville,  Fort  Sanders,  November  29th  and 
30th.  Longstreet  unsuccessfully  attacked  the  Fort  and 
to  the  right  of  it. 

Mine  Run  Campaign.  A  corps  massed  during  the  night 
of  November  29th  to  reach  Lee's  left  flank  and  rear.  Lee 
understood  the  movement  against  his  right  flank,  and  for 
tified  against  it,  and  the  Federal  attack  was  abandoned 
there. 


178      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Battle  of  Mine  Run,  Va.,  November  30th.  Federal  bat 
teries  opened  on  Lee's  left,  and  two  corps  were  in  position 
to  attack  there,  but  the  fortification  of  Lee's  right,  pre 
venting  attack  on  it,  prevented  the  coordinated  attack  on 
his  left.  S.  S.  Carroll  was  engaged  in  the  Mine  Run 
campaign. 

From  November,  1863,  L.  H.  Rousseau,  Kentucky,  was 
in  command  of  the  District  of  the  Tennessee. 

December  1st  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  started  to  re 
tire  north  of  the  Rapidan. 

Thomas  reorganized  his  army  between  December  1st, 
1863,  and  May  2d,  1864.  He  became  the  commanding 
general  of  the  whole  force  opposed  to  the  Confederate 
army  near  Chattanooga,  the  command  of  which  passed 
from  Bragg  to  Hardee  December  2d. 

The  siege  of  Knoxville  was  raised  the  night  of  Decem 
ber  4th.  The  Army  of  the  Ohio  had  been  enabled  to  hold 
Knoxville  by  supplies  furnished  by  Tennesseans  in  sym 
pathy  with  the  Federal  army.  The  4th  corps,  Army  of 
the  Cumberland,  was  part  of  the  force  which  reenforced 
Knoxville,  December  4th-6th. 

After  the  siege  of  Knoxville  was  raised,  Eli  Long,  Ken 
tucky,  went  toward  North  Carolina  to  cut  off  one  of  Long- 
street's  trains. 

Action  of  Bean's  Station,  and  Morristown,  Tenn.,  De 
cember  14th.  J.  M.  Shackelford,  Kentucky,  had  pursued 
Longstreet  after  the  siege  of  Knoxville  was  raised. 
Shackelford  had  4,000  cavalry.  The  Confederates  had  a 
brigade,  parts  of  two  others,  and  artillery.  Shackelford 
fell  back  at  night. 

Hardee  was  succeeded  by  Polk  December  23d. 

Attack  by  fleet  at  Stono  River,  December  25th.  The 
Pawnee,  commanded  by  Geo.  B.  Balch,  Tennessee,  was 
struck  46  times.  The  Marblehead  was  opened  on  by  Con 
federate  batteries.  The  Pawnee  took  an  enfilading  posi 
tion  and  caused  the  retreat  of  the  Confederates.  He  after 
ward  captured  two  guns. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     179 

Jos.  E.  Johnston  assumed  command  of  the  Confederate 
army  relieving  Polk  December  27th. 

Calhoun,  Tenn.,  December  27th,  1863.  Eli  Long,  Ken 
tucky,  with  a  small  force  defeated  Wheeler's  men.  Long 
charged  a  small  force  of  Confederates  who  had  been  sep 
arated  from  the  main  body  after  the  main  fight  and  scat 
tered  it,  taking  131  prisoners. 

In  the  Red  River  campaign,  December,  1863,  to  July, 
1864,  Emory,  Maryland,  commanded  the  19th  corps  and 
1st  division. 

T.  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia,  commanded  a  division  block 
ading  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay,  December,  1863,  to 
August,  1864. 

J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  commanded  the  defenses  of 
New  Orleans  from  January  to  June,  1864. 

Farragut  was  before  Mobile  from  the  beginning  of 
1864  till  its  capture. 

Sol.  Meredith,  North  Carolina,  was  in  command  of 
Cairo  early  in  1864. 

Saml.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee,  defeated  Confederates  at 
Jonesville,  Va.,  January  3d,  1864. 

Ord,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  13th  corps  in 
the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  January  8th  to  February 
20th,  1864. 

January  llth,  1864,  a  provisional  free-state  govern 
ment  was  inaugurated  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.  A  conven 
tion  assembled  at  Little  Rock  and  framed  a  Federal  State 
constitution. 

Dandridge,  Tenn.,  January  15th.  Wood,  Kentucky, 
confronted  Longstreet's  men. 

January  20th  Farragut  made  a  reconnoissance  of  Mobile 
Bay,  Forts  Gaines  and  Morgan. 

Getty  was  Acting  Inspector  General,  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac,  January  27th  to  March  18th,  1864. 

In  action  near  Pocotaligo  River  in  February,  1864, 
Guy  V.  Henry,  Indian  Territory,  was  conspicuous.  He 
served  his  pieces  well.  Two  horses  were  shot  under  him. 


180      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Expedition  from  Vicksburg  to  Meridian,  Miss.,  Feb 
ruary  3d  to  March  5th.  Hurlbut,  South  Carolina,  com 
manded  one  of  the  two  columns.  There  were  20,000  men 
and  20  guns.  The  railroads  were  destroyed  en  route. 

Action  of  Camp  Finnegan,  February  8th.  Henry, 
Indian  Territory,  captured  a  battery  at  Camp  Finnegan 
the  night  of  February  8th  without  the  loss  of  a  man, 
taking  about  100  prisoners,  8  guns  and  valuable  prop 
erty. 

The  expedition  from  Vicksburg  reached  Meridian  Feb 
ruary  14th.  The  army  remained  there  till  the  20th, 
when  it  was  put  in  motion  toward  Central  Mississippi.  It 
remained  in  Canton  till  the  28th.  Later  the  troops  went 
to  Vicksburg  and  Memphis. 

Battle  of  Olustee,  Fla.,  Florida  Expedition,  February 
20th,  1864.  Henry  had  marched  west  from  Jacksonville, 
in  command  of  a  small  brigade  of  cavalry  and  mounted  in 
fantry,  and  proceeded  to  within  three  miles  of  Lake  City. 
The  main  body  moved  February  20th,  Henry  in  advance. 
J.  R.  Hawley,  North  Carolina,  commanded  a  brigade  at 
the  Battle  of  Olustee.  The  Federals  were  defeated  and 
Henry  covered  the  retreat. 

There  was  a  meeting  at  Louisville  of  a  Border  States 
"  freedom  convention  "  February  22d-23d,  1864.  There 
were  a  hundred  delegates  from  Kentucky,  Missouri,  Ten 
nessee  and  Arkansas. 

Farragut  attacked  Fort  Powell,  Mobile  Bay,  February 
22d  to  March  2d.  He  bombarded  it  for  six  days. 

Federal  Louisiana  chose  a  governor  February  22d. 

H.  G.  Gibson,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Northern  Central  Kentucky,  February  22d  to 
April  9th,  1864. 

February  22d,  1864,  Thomas,  in  chief  command  of  the 
army  he  was  withj  started  on  a  formidable  reconnoissance 
against  Johnston  at  Dalton,  Ga.  His  movement  was  upon 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Tunnel  Hill  at  the  north  and  Buz 
zard's  Roost  on  the  ridge. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      181 

Combat  of  Tunnel  Hill,  February  22d  to  25th.  rainier, 
Kentucky,  took  possession  of  Tunnel  Hill  February  24th. 
Johnston's  men  successfully  resisted  Thomas  at  Buzzard's 
Roost  the  25th.  There  was  fighting  at  Dug  Gap  the  26th 
and  Buzzard's  Roost  the  27th.  Bragg,  on  February  24th, 
was  charged  with  the  conduct  of  military  operations  in  the 
armies  of  the  Confederacy.  Thomas  withdrew  his  forces 
and  returned  to  Chattanooga. 

F.  M.  Ramsay,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  a 
naval  expedition  via  Red  River  up  the  Black  and  Ouachita 
rivers  February  29th.  Bache,  District  of  Columbia,  com 
manded  the  Lexington.  At  Trinity  and  Harrisonburg 
Polignac  was  repulsed.  Ramsay  went  nearly  to  Monroe, 
La.,  on  the  Ouachita. 

March  6th  Geo.  B.  Balch,  Tennessee,  with  gunboats, 
participated  in  an  expedition  up  the  St.  John's  River. 

Red  River  Campaign  against  Shreveport,  La.  The 
most  formidable  naval  force  ever  collected  in  the  western 
waters,  convoying  10,000  troops,  entered  the  Red  River 
March  12th,  1864.  Three  divisions  landed  at  Simmsport, 
La.,  March  13th,  part  of  the  vessels  having  turned  into 
the  Atchafalaya  River  with  these  troops.  Another  body 
of  troops  marched  from  Brashear  City  and  Franklin,  La., 
March  13th.  The  vessels  all  went  up  the  Red  River  to 
Fort  de  Russy,  and  the  troops  at  Simmsport  marched  on 
the  14th  to  Fort  de  Russy.  Nearly  40,000  men  were  in 
the  expedition. 

Fort  de  Russy  was  captured  March  14th  by  assault. 
In  this  campaign  F.  M.  Ramsay  commanded  the  Choctaw; 
Bache  the  Lexington,  and  J.  P.  Foster,  Kentucky,  the 
Lafayette. 

The  fleet  arrived  off  Alexandria,  La.,  the  15th.  Other 
troops  followed  on  transports.  Alexandria  was  occupied 
by  the  Federals  March  16th.  The  Confederates  retired 
up  the  river.  Twenty  Federal  gunboats  went  up  the  Red 
River. 

The  1st  and  3d  corps  passed  out  of  existence  March 


182     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

23d,  1864,  in  reorganization.     Newton  came  to  Thomas. 

March  23d  A.  W.  Weaver,  District  of  Columbia,  sent 
boats  from  the  Winona  which  captured  a  steamer  in  Santee 
River,  causing  Confederate  batteries  to  fire  on  her. 

The  troops  who  had  come  by  land  from  Brashear  City 
reached  Alexandria  March  25th  and  26th.  Transports 
carried  the  army  advance  from  Alexandria  to  Natchitoches, 
whence  the  army  marched  toward  Shreveport.  Vessels 
went  up  to  Springfield  Landing,  about  thirty  miles  below 
Shreveport,  carrying  2,500  soldiers.  Columns  moved 
from  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  also  directed 
against  Shreveport. 

March  31st,  1864,  Longstreet's  troops,  having  wintered 
in  east  Tennessee,  retired  to  Virginia. 

In  March,  1864,  in  Arkansas,  the  Federal  State  con 
stitution  was  ratified  by  popular  vote.  In  April,  a  Fed 
eral  State  government  was  organized. 

Ord  was  in  command  of  troops  assembled  at  Grafton, 
Webster  and  Beverly,  W.  Va.,  April  6th  to  July  9th,  1864. 

Red  River  Campaign.  Action  of  Pleasant  Hill,  April 
7th.  W.  J.  Landram,  Kentucky,  was  engaged. 

Red  River  Campaign.  Combat  of  Sabine  Cross  Roads, 
April  8th.  The  division  of  W.  J.  Landram  and  the  other 
troops  at  the  front  were  overcome.  They  were  driven 
back  with  other  troops  sent  to  reenforce  them.  Emory, 
Maryland,  commanding  the  19th  corps,  received  order  to 
advance,  3 :40  p.  M.,  and  instantly  started. 

Battle  of  Pleasant  Grove  or  Mansfield,  April  8th.  At 
Pleasant  Grove,  three  miles  from  the  battlefield,  Emory 
met.  the  routed  troops.  His  men  forced  their  way  through 
the  fugitives  and  obstacles  and  formed  a  line,  with  J.  W. 
McMillan,  Kentucky,  in  reserve.  His  dispositions  were 
good.  Quickly  Taylor  attacked  him,  pressing  heavily  on 
his  right,  but  McMillan  was  brought  up,  and  the  pursuit 
was  checked  about  night.  Emory  was  then  in  command 
of  the  troops  engaged.  He  displayed  marked  bravery  and 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     183 

skill,  repelling  Confederate  charges.  The  discipline  of 
his  troops  told.  The  army  was  saved  and  probably  the 
fleet.  Emory  fell  back  at  midnight.  He  covered  the  re 
treat  next  day  to  Pleasant  Hill, —  fifteen  miles  away. 

Battle  of  Pleasant  Hill,  April  9th.  Emory  commanded 
the  troops  engaged.  He  took  position.  In  mid  afternoon 
the  Confederates  attacked  the  Federal  left.  One  of  his 
own  brigades,  its  commander  killed,  was  crushed.  The 
Confederates  fell  upon  and  enveloped  both  flanks  of  an 
other  brigade,  and  drove  it  back.  Emory  made  a  strong 
stand.  He  quickly  ordered  a  charge  of  McMillan's  troops, 
which  was  of  vital  aid.  The  Confederates  failed  to  drive 
the  Federals.  Taylor  attempted  to  turn  the  Federal 
right,  and  one  of  Emory's  brigades  was  moved  to  that 
flank,  which  later  was  heavily  struck.  His  other  brigades 
also  were  forced  back.  He  charged  in  turn  and  drove  the 
Confederates.  The  Confederates  exposed  their  right  flank 
and  were  thrown  into  confusion.  The  Federal  army  fell 
back  at  night,  and  the  Confederates  occupied  the  field  next 
day,  following  with  cavalry.  D.  H.  Strother,  Virginia, 
was  among  those  engaged  in  the  Red  River  campaign. 

The  fact  that  the  army  had  not  come  up  indicating  its 
defeat,  the  vessels  at  Springfield  Landing  dropped  back 
down  the  river.  An  intercepted  dispatch  disclosed  to  E. 
Kirby  Smith  that  the  Federals  would  fall  back  to  Alex 
andria.  He  withdrew  April  10th  to  move  against  the  Fed 
erals  in  Arkansas  moving  upon  Shreveport.  Some  troops, 
however,  worried  the  retreating  army. 

Jacob  Ammen,  Virginia,  commanded  the  District  of 
East  Tennessee  from  April  10th,  1864,  to  January  14th, 
1865.  April  llth  Gillem,  Tennessee,  was  placed  in  com 
mand  of  a  Tennessee  division  of  cavalry,  Army  of  the 
Cumberland. 

The  Red  River  army  reached  Grand  Ecore  April  llth. 
There  were  over  45  vessels  above. 

Action  of  Bayou  Pierre,  April  12th.     Taylor  had  sent 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

troops  across  the  Red  River,  who  planted  batteries  on  a 
high  bluff  three  miles  below  Pleasant  Hill  Landing.  Con 
federate  cavalry  with  three  cannon  attacked  the  vessels 
and  transports  descending  near  Blair's  Landing.  Bache, 
commanding  the  Lexington,  was  in  the  fleet.  The  Osage, 
aground,  was  attacked.  Bache  was  visiting  aboard.  The 
engagement  was  between  the  Osage  and  Lexington  and  a 
Confederate  brigade.  Bache  on  the  Lexington  enfiladed 
the  Confederates,  disabling  their  battery.  The  Confed 
erate  commander  was  killed  and  his  men  retired. 

The  Federals  from  the  north  did  not  reach  Camden, 
Ark.,  90  miles  northeast  of  Shreveport,  until  April  15th. 
John  Edwards,  Kentucky,  was  in  the  march  from  Little 
Rock.  Price,  with  cavalry,  opposed  it.  J.  B.  Wheeler, 
North  Carolina,  participated  in  the  occupation  of  Camden, 
April  18th  to  26th. 

Battle  of  Plymouth,  N.  C.,  Fort  Williams,  Fort  Gray, 
April  17th  to  20th.  The  Confederates  assaulted  Fort 
Gray  and  were  driven  back  by  C.  W.  Flusser,  Maryland, 
with  the  Miami  and  Southfield. 

April  18th  the  Confederate  ram  Albemarle  started  down 
the  river  toward  Plymouth.  She  came  down  during  the 
night.  Flusser,  with  the  Miami  and  Southfield  lashed  to 
gether,  met  the  Albemarle,  hoping  to  run  his  vessels  so  as 
to  get  the  Albemarle  between  them,  but  the  Albemarle  ran 
close  to  the  southern  shore,  then  suddenly  turned  and  ran 
her  prow  into  the  side  of  the  Southfield,  sinking  her,  part 
of  the  crew  going  down  with  her.  The  Albemarle1  s  chain 
plates  were  entangled.  She  was  borne  partly  down  with 
the  Southfield.  Flusser  fired  the  first  three  shots  himself, 
from  the  Miami,  right  alongside.  He  was  killed  by  the 
fragment  of  a  shell.  An  attempt  to  board  the  Albemarle 
was  defeated.  The  Miami  left. 

Plymouth  was  captured  April  20th.  Hoke  attacked 
the  fortifications  in  the  morning.  The  Albemarle  fired  into 
the  resisting  forts  all  day.  Hoke  carried  the  works,  losing 
considerably. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      185 

Longstreet  rejoined  Lee  April  22d. 

Battle  of  Monette's  Ferry,  Cane  River,  La.,  April  23d. 
Bee,  Confederate,  had  taken  position  to  contest  the  passage 
of  Cane  River,  while  other  troops  harassed  the  Federal  rear 
at  Cloutierville.  The  Confederates  numbered  about  8,000. 
Emory,  commanding  on  the  field,  menaced  them  in  front, 
while  he  sent  a  force  to  ford  the  river  three  miles  above 
the  Ferry,  and  turn  Bee's  left  flank.  This  was  success 
fully  done,  and  Bee  withdrew  to  Beasley's,  thirty  miles 
away.  This  cleared  the  way  for  the  army  to  march  into 
Alexandria. 

April  23d  the  Governors  of  Ohio,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Wis 
consin  and  Indiana  offered  to  raise  for  the  Federal  armies 
85,000  men  for  100  days.  The  offer  was  accepted. 

April  23d,  1864,  Beauregard's  command  was  changed 
to  the  Department  of  North  Carolina. 

April  24th  a  Confederate  attack  on  Emory's  rear 
guard  was  repulsed.  At  Henderson's  hill,  April  25th, 
Emory  repulsed  the  Confederates. 

Low  water  in  the  Red  River  stopped  the  fleet's  descent. 
A  dam  was  built,  storing  the  waters,  and  Bache's  vessel, 
the  Lexington,  was  the  first  to  sweep  through  the  weir. 

The  large  Federal  armies  prepared  for  a  concerted 
forward  movement  the  latter  part  of  April  —  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  in  northern  Virginia  against  Richmond; 
the  Army  of  the  James  at  Fortress  Monroe  via  the  river 
against  Richmond  from  the  south ;  the  armies  around  Chat 
tanooga  against  Atlanta,  and  the  army  at  New  Orleans 
against  Mobile.  20,000  men  left  Annapolis  April  27th  to 
occupy  the  position  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  as  it 
moved  forward. 

The  Red  River  army  reached  Alexandria  April  27th. 
McClernand,  Kentucky,  took  command  of  the  13th  corps 
at  Alexandria. 

The  Federals  evacuated  Camden,  Ark.,  April  27th,  on 
account  of  the  capture  of  their  train  at  Mark's  mill  two 
days  before. 


186      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

April  28th  near  Alexandria  the  Confederates  attacked 
McClernand,  and  got  east  of  the  Federal  army.  Taylor 
moved  a  part  of  his  command  to  the  river  below  Alexandria, 
and  operated  against  the  gunboats  and  transports. 
Canby,  Kentucky,  took  charge  of  the  army  at  Atchaf alaya 
and  conducted  it  safely  to  New  Orleans. 

Battle  of  Jenkin's  Ferry,  Ark.,  or  Saline  Bottom,  April 
30th.  The  Saline  River  was  swollen  and  the  Confederates 
caught  up  with  the  retreating  army.  The  Confederates 
won  the  field.  The  battle  ended  at  1  o'clock,  the  Federals 
leaving  their  dead,  wounded  and  wagons  on  the  field.  J. 
B.  Wheeler,  North  Carolina,  was  engaged. 

Francis  M.  Ramsay,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded 
an  expedition  up  the  Black  and  Ouachita  Rivers  in  April. 

J.  J.  Abercrombie,  Tennessee,  was  in  command  of 
depots  about  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  for  the  distribution  of 
troops,  etc.,  in  May,  1864. 

Rocky  Face  Ridge  Battles,  Operations  Around  Dalton, 
Ga.  Rocky  Face  Ridge  runs  north  and  south.  John 
ston's  position  was  about  Dalton,  east  of  the  ridge.  The 
Army  of  the  Ohio,  moving  south  from  Cleveland,  threat 
ened  his  right  flank  and  rear.  The  Army  of  the  Cumber 
land,  under  Thomas,  faced  the  ridge  from  the  west,  and 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  proceeded  south  behind 
Thomas  until  it  approached  Johnston's  left.  In  the 
Atlanta  campaign  the  troops  under  Thomas  numbered 
60,000  to  65,000.  Those  not  under  him  were  the  Army 
of  the  Tennessee,  24,000,  later  increased  by  9,000,  and 
the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  13,000.  Generally  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  under  Thomas  was  engaged  against  John 
ston's  front,  while  the  other  two  armies  made  turning  and 
flank  movements. 

Troops  of  Thomas  reconnoitered  toward  Tunnel  Hill 
May  2d,  and  developed  the  Confederates  in  force  there. 

During  the  Atlanta  campaign,  Kentucky  was  protected 
against  raiders  by  S.  G.  Burbridge,  Kentucky.  In  May 
he  started  for  Virginia  with  a  large  mounted  force. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     187 

The  Wilderness  Campaign.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac 
moved  from  north  of  the  Rapidan  the  night  of  May  3d. 

Battle  between  the  Albemarle  and  her  consorts,  Bomb 
shell  and  Cotton-Plant,  and  the  Federal  fleet,  May  5th. 
The  Albemarle  and  the  two  steamers,  carrying  troops, 
came  down  the  Roanoke  River  to  its  mouth.  The  double- 
enders  Mattahasett,  Sassacus,  Wyalusing  and  Miami,  and 
smaller  vessels  steamed  up  Albemarle  Sound  to  give  bat 
tle.  W.  W.  Queen,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the 
Wyalusing.  The  Bombshell  surrendered.  The  Federal 
vessels  retired  from  the  losing  fight.  The  Wyalusing  was 
thought  by  those  aboard  to  be  sinking. 

Draft  was  ordered  in  Maryland  and  Kentucky,  May 
5th. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  brought  the  Army  of  the  James, 
40,000  men,  up  to  Bermuda  Hundred  May  5th. 

Battle  of  the  Wilderness,  May  5th  and  6th,  1864.  The 
Army  of  the  Potomac  started  south  from  Germanna  Ford, 
whereupon  Lee  came  east  on  two  roads  which  crossed  the 
road  occupied  by  the  Federals.  Ewell  was  on  the  north 
ern  road  and  Hill  on  the  southern,  or  Orange  plank  road. 
The  Federal  right  moved  in  force  to  the  attack.  By  8 
A.  M.  May  5th  it  had  developed  the  presence  of  Hill  and 
Ewell.  The  Federal  left  wing  was  nearly  ten  miles  away. 
Ewell  was  forced  back,  but  the  Federals  in  turn  were 
forced  back.  A.  W.  Denison,  Maryland,  was  engaged  on 
the  Federal  right.  Getty's  division  at  Wilderness  Tavern 
was  moved  out  by  the  Brock  road  in  the  forenoon  to  drive 
Hill  back,  if  possible.  Getty  formed  line  of  battle  on 
the  Brock  road  across  the  plank  road.  He  was  ordered  to 
hold  this  junction  at  all  hazards.  He  held  his  ground 
against  severe  pressure  by  Hill  until  the  advance  of  the 
left  wing  reached  him  at  3  o'clock,  when  he  informed  it 
that  Hill  had  two  divisions  in  his  front,  and  the  line  was 
intrenched.  D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  was  placed  on  the 
left  of  Getty  in  two  lines  of  battle  along  the  Brock  road. 
S.  S.  Carroll  was  on  the  extreme  right  here.  At  4:30 


188      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Getty  marched  to  the  attack,  striking  the  Confederates. 
Birney  was  thrown  forward  on  his  left.  The  fight  at 
once  became  very  fierce.  Carroll's  brigade  was  sent  in  to 
support  Getty  on  the  plank  road.  Carroll  was  conspicu 
ous.  He  was  wounded  but  stayed  on  the  field.  Hill's 
right  was  forced  back  by  the  left  wing.  Birney's  blow  on 
Hill's  right  helped  prevent  him  from  interposing  between 
the  two  wings  of  the  Federal  army.  Lee  sustained  his 
position.  Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  was  severely 
wounded. 

Wilderness,  May  6th.  The  9th  corps  was  brought  for 
ward  the  night  of  the  5th  and  placed  in  the  Federal  cen 
ter.  Longstre'et  made  a  night  march  toward  the  field. 
Just  before  5  A.  M.  the  Federal  right  was  attacked  by 
Ewell.  He  was  repulsed.  On  Hill's  line  it  was  expected 
that  Heth  and  Wilcox  would  be  relieved  during  the  night, 
and,  consequently,  their  line  was  not  rearranged  and 
strengthened.  The  Federal  left  attacked  at  light,  the 
blow  falling  heaviest  south  of  the  road.  D.  B.  Birney, 
with  his  own  and  another  division,  pushed  forward  on  the 
left  of  the  Orange  plank  road  and  drove  the  Confederates 
from  their  rifle-pits.  The  Confederate  right  wing  was 
overlapped  and  Hill's  line  gave  way,  rolled  up  from  the 
right  and  retreated  in  disorder  along  the  road  a  mile  and 
a  half  until  it  reached  Poague's  artillery.  The  Federals 
got  abreast  of  the  guns  when  Longstreet  came  up.  Their 
advance  was  stopped  and  they  were  forced  back.  Lee  out 
flanked  the  Federal  left  and  drove  it  back  in  confusion 
upon  the  Brock  road.  Lee's  right  moved  again  to  flank, 
but  Confederate  troops  north  of  the  plank  road  mistook 
them  for  Federals,  and  the  two  Confederate  bodies  fired 
at  each  other.  Jenkins,  Confederate,  was  killed  and  Long- 
street  wras  seriously  wounded.  R.  H.  Anderson  succeeded 
to  the  command  of  Longstreet *s  corps. 

The  left  center  attacked  north  of  the  Orange  plank  road 
and  made  some  progress,  but  reinforcements  enabled  the 
Confederates  to  drive  them  back. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     189 

Frequent  attacks  on  Ewell  were  unsuccessful.  An  un 
successful  attempt  was  made  to  turn  his  left  near  the 
river,  and  heavy  assaults  were  made  on  his  line. 

At  3 :45  p.  M.  the  Confederate  right  wing  advanced  in 
force.  Anderson  took  possession  of  the  Federal  line  of 
intrenchments,  but  Carroll,  at  a  double-quick,  drove  him 
out.  He  struck  the  advancing  Confederates  in  flank,  after 
they  had  driven  the  division  in  their  front,  and  rushed 
through  the  gap.  The  Confederates  suffered  and  the  Fed 
erals  regained  their  former  position.  The  attacks  upon 
the  Federal  left  were  not  decisive. 

Two  brigades  of  Ewell's  left  moved  out  of  their  works 
at  sunset,  and  struck  the  Federal  right  flank.  The  Fed 
erals  were  driven  from  a  large  part  of  their  works  there, 
and  two  generals  and  600  men  were  taken  prisoners.  The 
Confederates  there  formed  an  advanced  line,  and  the  Fed 
eral  right  took  up  a  new  line  farther  back.  Getty,  fight 
ing  with  valor,  was  severely  wounded  in  the  Wilderness 
battles.  Denison's  fighting  was  of  merit.  Morrow  fought 
with  credit.  Tidball,  Virginia,  and  Mclntosh,  Florida, 
were  engaged.  Fred  T.  Dent,  Missouri,  did  good  work. 

The  Army  of  the  James  was  in  position  up  the  James 
River  at  Bermuda  Hundred  by  May  6th.  S.  P.  Lee's  gun 
boats  which  accompanied  the  army  dragged  James  River 
above  City  Point  for  torpedoes.  Some  of  the  vessels 
were  blown  up  by  torpedoes.  The  fleet  protected  the  right 
flank  of  that  army  during  May. 

Assault  of  the  Army  of  the  James  upon  the  Richmond 
railroad  above  Petersburg  May  6th  and  7th  was  repulsed 
with  heavy  loss. 


CHAPTER  VII 

ROCKY  FACE  RIDGE  —  SPOTSYLVANIA  —  RESACA  —  NORTH 
ANNA  —  DALLAS  —  COLD  HARBOR  —  PIEDMONT  —  PETERS 
BURG  —  LYNCHBURG  —  KENESAW  MOUNTAIN  —  DEEP  BOT 
TOM  —  MONOCACY  —  PEACH  TREE  CREEK  —  ATLANTA  — 
EZRA  CHURCH. 

ROCKY  FACE  RIDGE.  There  was  cavalry  fighting  at 
Tunnel  Hill  May  6th  and  7th.  Thomas  was  engaged 
in  the  operations  around  Dalton,  May  6th  to  13th.  Con 
federates  made  a  show  of  resistance  to  Palmer  May  7th. 
Newton  and  another  division  charged  and  cleared  the  hill. 
Confederates  fell  back  to  Buzzard's  Roost. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  started  toward  Spotsylvania 
the  night  of  May  7th. 

Rocky  Face  Ridge,  May  8th.  The  Federals  attempted 
to  cross  to  the  east  side  of  Rocky  Face  Ridge  through  its 
gaps,  Mill  Creek  and  Dug,  and  over  the  crest.  Buzzard's 
Roost  and  Mill  Creek  Gap  are  about  midway  between  Tun 
nel  Hill  on  the  north  and  Dug  Gap  on  the  south.  Palmer, 
Kentucky,  occupied  Thomas'  center.  Newton,  Virginia, 
was  sent  two  miles  northward,  where  the  ascent  was  easier. 
He  stormed  the  ridge,  succeeded  in  getting  a  force  on  it 
and  carried  a  portion  of  it.  Wood,  Kentucky,  supported 
him  with  artillery  and  musketry  fire.  One  of  Newton's 
brigades  advanced  along  Rocky  Face  Ridge.  He  wrested 
one-third  of  it  from  the  Confederates. 

Buzzard's  Roost,  Mill  Creek  Gap.  Thomas  pressed  the 
Confederates  into  their  intrenchments. 

Dug  Gap.  The  brigade  of  Chas.  Candy,  Kentucky,  and 
other  troops  of  Thomas'  army  ascended  the  mountain, 
pushing  back  the  Confederates.  It  was  a  strong  position 
and  was  not  taken.  A  aecond  and  a  third  attempt  failed. 

190 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      191 

These  attacks  covered  the  movement  of  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee  south  to  Snake  Creek  Gap  to  turn  Johnston's 
left  flank.  Thomas  had  his  12th  corps  hide  this  flank 
movement.  The  Army  of  the  Tennessee  arrived  in  Snake 
Creek  Gap  May  8th.  It  advanced  on  Resaca. 

Battles  of  Spotsylvania,  Va.,  May  8th-20th.  Todd's 
Tavern,  May  8th.  Confederate  cavalry  occupied  the  road 
near  Spotsylvania  C.  H.  The  Federal  cavalry  not  dis 
lodging  them,  Federal  infantry  were  sent  forward.  Lee, 
aware  of  the  Federal  move,  had  moved  also,  and  Confed 
erate  infantry  supported  their  cavalry  and  forced  back 
the  Federal  column,  which  intrenched.  The  6th  corps  in 
the  evening  struck  heavily  at  Anderson's  right  wing,  but 
Ewell  arrived,  and  helped  in  a  serious  repulse  of  the  Fed 
erals.  Chas.  H.  Tompkins,  Virginia,  commanded  the  ar 
tillery  brigade  of  the  6th  corps  in  the  Spotsylvania  battles. 
There  was  fighting  on  the  Catharpin  road  May  8th. 

Spotsylvania,  May  9th.  Hill's  corps  arrived  in  the 
morning,  under  the  command  of  Early.  The  day  was 
spent  principally  intrenching.  D.  B.  Birney  and  another 
division  of  the  2d  corps  moved  for  the  flank  of  the  Con 
federate  left.  He  crossed  the  Po  River  and  met  resistance. 

A  cavalry  raid  against  the  Confederate  communications 
with  Richmond  began  May  9th. 

May  9th  the  Army  of  the  James  advanced  toward  Pe 
tersburg,  but  could  not  cross  the  Appomattox.  It  fell  back 
to  its  intrenchments.  Thus  the  attempt  to  take  Petersburg 
from  the  north  failed. 

Jacksonville  was  occupied  May  9th.  Geo.  B.  Balch, 
Tennessee,  was  in  the  expedition. 

Rocky  Face  Ridge.  The  Federals  attempted  to  take 
Rocky  Face  Ridge  through  Mill  Creek  Gap  and  over  the 
crest  unsuccessfully  from  the  west,  May  9th,  10th  and 
12th.  May  9th  Thomas  attacked  the  Gap.  Palmer,  Ken 
tucky,  sent  a  brigade  up  one  of  the  spurs  south  of  the 
Gap.  The  Army  of  the  Cumberland  was  somewhat  heavily 
engaged.  Five  partial  assaults  failed 


192      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

The  Army  of  the  Tennessee  passed  through  Snake  Creek 
Gap  and  reached  the  vicinity  of  Resaca  at  &  P.  M.  the 
9th.  Finding  Resaca  firmly  held,  it  withdrew  to  Snake 
Creek  Gap.  There  was  fighting  on  the  9th  till  dark. 
Johnston  reenforced  Resaca. 

Combat  of  Cloyd's  Mountain,  W.  Va.,  May  9th  and 
10th.  Jenkins,  commanding  the  Confederates,  was  killed, 
and  his  force  was  defeated.  Carr  B.  White  rendered  brave 
and  dutiful  service. 

Spotsylvania,  May  10th.  Po  River.  D.  B.  Birney, 
Alabama,  was  attempting  to  find  the  Confederate  left  and 
force  it  back.  Troops  reached  the  Shady  Grove  road,  and 
threatened  the  Confederate  rear  and  trains.  Lee  was 
found  intrenched  east  of  the  Po.  Although  he  faced  east 
and  north,  he  held  the  direct  road  to  the  south.  Birney, 
while  withdrawing,  was  attacked.  Confederate  guns  took 
the  men  in  the  rear  from  northeast  beyond  the  Po.  Early 
was  moved  from  the  right  against  and  struck  Birney's 
rear  division  heavily,  as  it  was  about  to  recross  the  Po. 
The  divisions  got  back  north  of  the  Po. 

Laurel  Hill.  The  Federals  attacked  the  left  center  un 
der  Anderson  and  were  repulsed.  They  assaulted  there 
again  and  were  bloodily  repulsed.  They  made  a  third 
assault  —  very  strong  —  near  sunset,  and  got  within  a  part 
of  the  works,  D.  B.  Birney  participating,  but  where  the 
attack  failed  the  Confederates  turned  and  struck  their 
flank,  and  they  were  driven  out.  Carroll  participated  in 
the  assault  upon  the  Confederate  line  northeast  of  the  Po, 
fighting  valiantly.  A.  W.  Denison,  Maryland,  fought  with 
merit  and  was  wounded. 

The  Federals  attacked  at  this  time  further  to  the  Con 
federate  right  also,  striking  Ewell.  Dole's  brigade  was 
broken,  and  the  Confederate  works  there  were  captured 
with  300  prisoners.  The  Confederates  on  both  sides  of 
the  break  fell  upon  the  flanks,  and  other  troops  hurried  to 
the  front,  and  the  Federals  lost  the  works. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     193 

Hoke,  Confederate,  arrived  at  Petersburg  from  North 
Carolina  May  10th. 

Spotsylvania,  May  llth.  Movements  along  the  Federal 
lines  indicated  a  withdrawal  from  Anderson's  front.  Late 
in  the  p.  M.  artillery  hard  to  get  out  was  ordered  with 
drawn.  S.  S.  Carroll,  District  of  Columbia,  was  twice 
wounded  in  the  battles  about  Spotsylvania,  May  9th-llth, 
and  disabled  from  further  active  service  in  the  field. 

Yellow  Tavern,  Va.,  May  llth.  Confederate  cavalry 
were  worsted  and  Stuart  was  mortally  wounded.  The 
Federal  cavalry  passed  the  outer  defenses  of  Richmond. 

Canby,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  Military  Di 
vision  of  West  Mississippi,  extending  from  Missouri  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  and  from  Texas  to  Florida, 
May  llth,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 

Spotsylvania,  May  12th.  Federals  moved  at  midnight, 
and  took  position  within  1,200  yards  of  the  Confederate 
line,  Lee's  right  center.  They  stormed  it  at  dawn,  cap 
turing  the  Bloody  Angle.  The  removed  artillery  had  not 
been  replaced  in  time.  D.  B.  Birney's  and  another  divi 
sion  formed  the  first  line  in  the  attack  on  the  Bloody  Angle. 
After  a  hand-to-hand  conflict,  guns  being  used  as  clubs, 
they  leaped  over  the  breastworks  front  and  flank,  and  over 
whelmed  the  Confederates.  John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia, 
commanded  the  artillery  brigade  in  the  Bloody  Angle  fight. 
Ed.  Johnson,  commanding  the  division,  Brigadier  General 
Steuart,  30  guns  and  2,800  men  were  captured.  Ten  of 
the  guns  could  not  be  gotten  off.  Lee's  troops  to  the  right 
drew  back  to  a  second  line  in  rear  of  the  Angle,  and  poured 
a  heavy  fire  upon  the  victors'  left,  which  fell  back.  Con 
federate  reserves  hastened  up.  Combatants  met  in  the  rear 
of  the  captured  works,  and  the  Federals  were  forced  back 
to  the  base  of  the  salient.  On  the  left  of  the  salient  the 
Federal  attack  was  pressed.  A  gap  had  been  made  in  the 
Confederate  line.  Lee  managed  to  maintain  a  front,  but 
could  not  recapture  the  Angle.  There  were  five  efforts, 


194      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

the  fighting  about  the  works  continuing  till  late  at  night. 
Getty's  division  was  heavily  engaged  at  the  Angle. 

An  attack  upon  the  Confederate  left  was  repulsed.  An 
attack  on  the  Confederate  right  was  met  by  Confederate 
troops  moving  to  strike  the  flank  of  the  salient  and  re 
pulsed.  Denison,  Maryland,  was  engaged  this  day.  C. 
H.  Tompkins,  Virginia,  commanded  the  artillery  brigade 
of  the  6th  corps,  part  of  which  was  engaged  at  the  Bloody 
Angle. 

Rocky  Face  Ridge,  May  l£th.  Newton,  Virginia,  was 
holding  the  north  end  of  Rocky  Face  and  the  roads  around 
it.  One  of  Thomas'  corps  and  some  cavalry  were  con 
fronting  Johnston.  All  the  other  Federal  troops  were  in 
motion  to  concentrate  at  Snake  Creek  Gap.  About  10 
A.  M.  a  heavy  column  advanced  toward  Newton's  left.  The 
division  of  Wood,  Kentucky,  moved  from  Tunnel  Hill  to 
his  support.  The  Confederates  then  withdrew,  after  driv 
ing  back  Newton's  skirmishers.  By  a  night  march,  John 
ston  reached  Resaca. 

Drewry's  Bluff,  Fort  Darling,  Va.,  May  12th-16th. 
The  Army  of  the  James  moved  on  Richmond  May  12th. 
It  turned  the  flank  of  some  of  the  Drewry's  Bluff  works 
May  13th,  moved  forward  and  faced  another  line  of 
works.  Geo.  B.  Dandy,  Georgia,  and  Guy  V.  Henry,  In 
dian  Territory,  were  engaged. 

Spotsylvania,  May  13th.  Ewell  retired  to  a  new  line 
before  daylight.  Between  May  13th  and  18th  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  worked  east.  Anderson  was  shifted  by 
Lee  from  the  left  to  the  right. 

The  Red  River  army,  consisting  of  the  19th  corps  under 
Emory,  and  the  13th  under  McClernand,  started  east  from 
Alexandria,  La.,  May  13th. 

The  cavalry  command  of  E.  H.  Murray,  Kentucky,  was 
enlarged  May  13th. 

May  13th  some  of  Thomas'  troops  occupied  Dalton, 
which  Johnston  had  evacuated,  and  followed  the  Confed- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      195 

crates  toward  Resaca,  capturing  some  prisoners.  Thomas 
was  engaged  in  demonstrations  against  Resaca  until  it  was 
occupied  May  16th. 

Battle  of  Resaca,  May  13th  to  16th,  1864.  The  Con 
federates  reached  Resaca  the  13th.  The  other  Federal 
forces  had  followed  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  south. 

Resaca,  May  14th.  Johnson's  division  was  the  first  to 
engage  the  Confederates.  Johnson  and  Newton  plunged 
into  the  thicket,  and  worked  their  way  into  the  reentrant 
angle  in  Hardee's  front.  Wood  came  abreast  of  Newton 
and  drove  the  Confederates  from  the  rifle-pits.  The  di 
vision  of  Henry  M.  Judah,  Maryland,  had  a  desperate 
struggle;  others  coming  to  its  help  a  part  of  the  Con 
federate  intrenchments  was  taken.  Newton  relieved  an 
other  division.  He  had  to  go  over  heavily  exposed  ground 
to  reach  it.  Johnston  attempted  to  turn  the  Federal  left 
flank.  Thomas  moved  troops  to  meet  him.  They  arrived 
just  as  the  flank  had  been  turned  and  pressed  back,  and 
repulsed  the  Confederates.  Hood's  attack  on  the  left  of 
the  llth  corps,  which  nearly  rolled  it  up,  was  after  3 
p.  M. 

Federals  moved  south,  crossing  Oostanaula  River  at 
Lay's,  or  Tanner's,  Ferry,  the  14th.  Cavalry  of  Kenner 
Garrard,  Kentucky,  moved  toward  Rome. 

Beauregard's  command  was  extended  to  cover  Virginia 
south  of  the  James  May  14th,  1864. 

Resaca,  May  15th.  Some  of  Thomas'  troops  began  the 
battle.  Johnson  again  threatened  the  left  flank.  Thomas 
carried  some  hills.  W.  T.  Ward,  Virginia,  effected  a 
lodgment  in  the  Confederate  fortifications.  He  drove  the 
Confederates  from  a  battery,  charged  the  retreating  men, 
and  took  217  prisoners.  About  5  p.  M.  Confederate  Ste 
venson's  division  left  the  main  line  and  charged  in  column 
to  gain  possession  of  lateral  hills  leading  to  the  abandoned 
battery.  Thomas'  men  repulsed  them.  Thomas'  army 
did  considerable  fighting  this  day.  Trenches  were  taken, 


196      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

and  after  nightfall  they  took  some  guns.  The  night  of 
the  15th  Johnston  abandoned  Resaca.  Brannan  was  en 
gaged  at  Resaca. 

Combat  of  New  Market,  Va.,  May  15th.  The  Federals 
were  defeated  by  Breckenridge.  J.  R.  Hawley,  North 
Carolina,  and  J.  R.  Meigs,  District  of  Columbia,  were 
engaged.  Hunter  subsequently  took  command. 

May  16th  Thomas'  men  engaged  Johnston's  rear-guard. 
He  pursued  directly  from  Resaca.  There  was  considerable 
fighting  by  his  men  toward  night. 

Drewry's  Bluff,  Va.,  May  16th.  Beauregard  defeated 
the  Army  of  the  James.  Their  right  was  turned  and  they 
were  attacked  in  front.  They  fell  back  to  Bermuda  Hun 
dred,  and  were  forced  to  take  refuge  in  the  Bermuda 
Hundred  peninsula. 

Combat  of  Marksville,  La.,  May  16th.  Emory,  Mary 
land,  commanding  the  19th  corps,  was  engaged. 

M.  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  was  in  command  of  Belle  Plain 
and  Fredericksburg,  base  of  supplies  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  May  16th-18th. 

The  South  Carolina  Union  Convention  met  at  Beaufort, 
S.  C.,  May  17th. 

Action  of  Adairsville,  Ga.,  May  17th.  About  4  p.  M. 
Wood,  Kentucky,  and  Newton,  Virginia,  found  resistance 
increasing  till  Newton's  skirmishers  aroused  a  heavy  fire. 
The  skirmishing  of  Newton  and  Wood  kept  increasing,  till 
it  grew  into  an  engagement. 

The  Army  of  the  Ohio  having  passed  his  right,  Johnston 
fell  back. 

Thomas  sent  a  division  toward  Rome  which  fought  May 
17th  and  captured  Rome  May  18th.  Machine  shops,  iron 
works,  stores  and  cotton  were  taken. 

Spotsylvania,  May  18th.  Federals  again  attacked  Lee 
at  the  salient  and  were  repulsed.  D.  B.  Birney  and  another 
division  supported  the  assault  on  the  line  nearly  in  front 
of  the  work  he  had  carried  on  the  12th. 

Hunter,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  command  of  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     197 

Department  of  West  Virginia  from  May  19th  to  August 
8th,  1864. 

Action  of  Cassville,  May  19th,  1864.  Newton  engaged 
Johnston's  rear-guard  on  the  way  to  Kingston.  At  Cass 
ville  Johnston  advanced  in  two  lines  of  battle.  Thomas' 
men  fought  the  Confederates  back. 

Spotsylvania,  May  19th.  Ewell's  corps  was  thrown 
around  the  Federal  right  wing,  to  develop  the  Federal  po 
sition.  This  threatened  the  Federal  communications.  He 
was  engaged  and  withdrew  at  night. 

In  the  Wilderness  campaign,  Tidball  commanded  the 
artillery  brigade  of  the  2d  corps;  Tompkins  of  the  6th, 
and  D.  R.  Ransom,  North  Carolina,  commanded  a  horse 
artillery  brigade.  Mclntosh,  Florida,  was  engaged.  El- 
well  S.  Otis,  Maryland,  fought  with  merit  at  Spotsyl 
vania. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  started  the  night  of  May 
20th  for  the  North  Anna.  Lee  started  next  A.  M.  Hill 
and  the  6th  corps,  retiring  from  its  lines,  fought  some  that 
afternoon. 

May  20th,  1864,  the  ram  Tennessee  appeared  in  the 
lower  bay,  Mobile  Harbor.  A  few  days  later  she  came 
down  to  Fort  Morgan,  and  thereafter  guarded  the  en 
trance  to  the  Bay. 

Lee  reached  the  North  Anna  about  noon  May  22d  and 
crossed. 

May  23d  F.  P.  Blair,  Kentucky,  with  two  divisions  and 
Eli  Long's  brigade,  was  ordered  to  move  from  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  on  Rome  and  Kingston. 

Battle  of  North  Anna,  May  23d  and  24th.  The  morn 
ing  of  the  23d  the  Federals  appeared  on  the  north  bank. 
The  5th  corps  crossed  that  afternoon  at  Jericho  Ford. 
It  encountered  the  Confederates  when  it  moved  out  from 
the  river. 

Two  of  D.  B.  Birney's  brigades  attacked  a  small  earth 
work  covering  approaches  to  the  bridge  on  the  telegraph 
road  north  of  the  river,  and  stormed  and  carried  it.  Tid- 


198      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ball,  Virginia,  was  engaged.  The  Confederates  were  un 
able  to  burn  the  bridge  and  fell  back  during  the  night. 

North  Anna,  May  24th.  The  2d  corps  crossed  in  the 
morning  some  distance  to  the  east  of  where  the  5th  corps 
had  crossed.  Ox  Ford,  where  Lee's  line  touched  the  river, 
was  between  the  two  corps.  The  6th  corps  crossed  at 
Jericho  Mill  and  joined  the  5th.  The  2d  corps  moved 
out  and  came  upon  Lee's  right.  Both  Federal  wings  were 
across  the  river,  but  Lee  was  between  them.  The  center 
attempted  to  cross  between  Ox  Ford  and  the  bridge,  but 
failed  wTith  loss.  A  detachment  from  the  5th  corps  moved 
east  to  help  the  center,  but  was  driven  back,  losing  heavily. 
The  division  of  T.  L.  Crittenden,  Kentucky,  forded  at 
Quarles  mill,  between  Ox  Ford  and  Jericho  Ford,  and  con 
nected  with  the  left  of  the  5th  corps. 

P.  St.  George  Cooke,  Virginia,  was  General  Superin 
tendent  of  the  recruiting  service  of  the  army  from  May 
24th,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 

Cassville,  May  24th.  Johnston  stood  one  day.  Hood 
insisted  that  Federals  had  passed  him  going  south. 

Battles  around  Dallas,  May  25th-28th,  1864.  New 
Hope  Church,  May  25th.  The  Federals  had  come  directly 
from  Kingston,  leaving  the  railroad.  Many  unsuccessful 
assaults  were  made  upon  Hood's  position.  The  division 
of  Newton  was  deployed  to  the  right  by  6  P.  M.  There 
was  a  gap  of  probably  three  miles  between  Thomas  and 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  which  was  at  Dallas.  Candy, 
Kentucky,  repulsed  Confederates ;  then,  with  other  of 
Thomas'  troops,  drove  Confederates  a  half  mile.  Thomas' 
men  later  drove  some  Confederates  back  a  mile  and  a  half 
to  New  Hope  church.  They  were  here  repulsed.  Wood, 
Kentucky,  was  engaged.  R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  was 
severely  wounded.  After  the  battle,  the  passing  of  the 
Federal  armies  to  the  left  began. 

May  26th  Thomas  made  a  reconnoissance  to  Dallas  to 
determine  the  position  of  Johnston's  left  flank,  and  open 
communication  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     199 

Federal  cavalry  maneuvered  on  Lee's  left  flank,  and  the 
Federal  right  wing  was  withdrawn  north  of  the  North 
Anna  River  the  night  of  May  26th.  The  Army  of  the 
Potomac  then  moved  to  the  east. 

Battles  around  Dallas.  Action  of  Pickett's  Mills,  New 
Hope  church  or  Burnt  Hickory  May  27th,  1864.  Thomas 
was  engaged.  He  sent  troops  to  try  to  strike  Johnston's 
right.  The  division  of  T.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky,  was 
marched  by  Thomas  to  strike  the  Confederate  right  flank, 
R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  supporting  on  Wood's  left. 
At  5  P.  M.  Wood's  men  began  the  main  battle,  assaulting 
the  Confederate  main  line  determinedly.  The  Confeder 
ates  poured  a  fire  on  Wood's  left  flank  and  forced  it  back, 
and  his  right  flank  also  was  struck.  The  troops  were  with 
drawn.  Johnson  also  assaulted,  and  he  was  wounded.  The 
assault  was  unsuccessful.  The  attempt  of  Palmer  and  the 
4th  corps  to  turn  the  Confederate  right  failed.  During 
the  day,  the  Confederates  came  out  of  their  works  and 
attacked  Newton,  and  were  repulsed  with  loss. 

The  leading  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  crossed 
the  Pamunkey  at  Hanovertown  the  morning  of  May  27th. 
There  was  a  cavalry  fight  at  Hawes's  Shop.  The  Federals 
were  reen forced  and  finally  prevailed. 

Battles  around  Dallas,  May  28th.  The  Army  of  the 
Tennessee  attempted  to  withdraw  from  Dallas,  so  as  to 
move  by  the  rear  to  the  army's  left,  but  Hardee  attacked 
heavily.  The  Confederates  were  repulsed.  Troops  of  the 
division  of  Wm.  Harrow,  Kentucky,  repulsed  an  attack  of 
Confederates  on  their  position. 

Thomas,  and  Newton  under  him,  were  occupied  in  the 
movement  against  Pine  Mountain  with  almost  daily  severe 
engagements,  May  28th  to  June  20th. 

The  two  principal  armies  in  Virginia  confronted  each 
other  at  Totopotomoy  Creek,  May  28th  to  31st. 

May  29th  Johnston  intended  a  general  attack,  commenc 
ing  on  the  Federal  left,  but  Wood  and  Johnson  were  found 
intrenched  there.  He  demonstrated  in  front  of  New- 


200     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ton.  The  Army  of  the  Tennessee  was  attacked  unsuccess 
fully. 

Henry  was  engaged  about  Bermuda  Hundred  May  6th 
to  29th. 

Totopotomoy,  or  Huntley's  Corner,  Va.,  May  30th.  Lee 
attacked  the  Federal  left  unsuccessfully,  and  the  Federals 
attacked  in  turn  without  important  results.  Tidball,  Vir 
ginia,  was  engaged.  Lee's  position  being  too  strong,  the 
Federal  army  worked  southeast. 

T.  S.  Fillebroun,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the 
Passaic  against  Fort  Sumter  in  May,  1864. 

Hunter  advanced  to  Mt.  Jackson  by  the  last  of  May. 

B.  S.  Alexander,  Kentucky,  was  Chief  Engineer  of  the 
defenses  of  Washington  from  June  1st,  1864,  to  the  end 
of  the  War. 

Ashland  cavalry  fight  June  1st,  1864,  was  brought  on 
by  Mclntosh,  Florida,  in  a  successful  dash  at  the  railroad 
bridges  over  the  South  Anna.  He  fought  with  merit. 

Hunter  drove  Imboden's  cavalry  out  of  New  Market, 
June  1st. 

The  Federal  infantry  reached  the  railroad  at  Ackworth 
June  1st.  Johnston  fell  back  to  a  new  line,  with  Brush 
Mountain  on  the  right,  Pine  Top  standing  forward  near 
the  center,  and  Lost  Mountain  on  the  left.  The  Army  of 
the  Tennessee  marched  down  the  railroad  to  near  Brush 
Mountain.  Thomas  bore  toward  Pine  Top,  and  the  Army 
of  the  Ohio  came  against  an  outpost  near  Gilgal  church 
abreast  of  Pine  Top.  The  Army  of  the  Tennessee  over 
lapped  Hood.  The  Army  of  the  Ohio  penetrated  between 
Lost  Mountain  and  Gilgal  church.  Its  artillery  took 
Hardee  in  reverse. 

Battle  of  Cold  Harbor  and  Bethesda  Church,  Va.,  June 
1st  to  3d.  Lee  changed  face  to  the  northeast  at  Cold 
Harbor,  his  right  being  then  down  on  the  Chickahominy. 
The  18th  corps,  Army  of  the  James,  reen forced  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac.  It  had  come  by  water  to  White  House, 
Va.  The  6th  and  18th  corps  reached  Cold  Harbor  June 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     201 

1st.  The  Confederates  were  forced  back  in  places,  and  a 
part  of  their  outer  line  of  rifle-pits  was  occupied,  but  their 
line  was  not  materially  damaged.  Henry,  Indian  Terri 
tory,  on  the  extreme  right,  led  the  assault  of  his  brigade 
upon  the  Confederate  works.  He  had  two  horses  shot  un 
der  him  —  one  while  leaping  over  the  Confederate  breast 
works.  He  carried  the  rifle-pits  in  front,  but  found  the 
position  commanded  by  an  earth-work  on  the  right  flank 
and  fell  back. 

Cold  Harbor,  June  2d.  Breckenridge,  Hoke  and  Pickett 
had  reenforced  Lee.  On  the  Federal  right  at  Bethesda 
church  in  the  afternoon  Early  surmised  that  the  Federals 
were  withdrawing  from  his  front,  and  attacked,  capturing 
several  hundred  prisoners. 

There  was  heavy  artillery  firing  and  skirmishing  at  Ber 
muda  Hundred  June  2d. 

The  gunboat  Water  Witch  was  boarded  and  captured 
by  Confederates  June  2d  in  Ossabaw  Sound,  Ga.  Austin 
Pendergrast,  Kentucky,  commanding,  was  cut  down  in  de 
fending  her. 

June  2d  Hunter  drove  Imboden's  cavalry  through  Har- 
risonburg.  Jones'  troops  began  joining  Imboden  the  night 
of  June  3d. 

Battle  of  Cold  Harbor  and  Bethesda  Church,  June  3d. 
The  Federal  attack  along  the  whole  front  of  nearly  six 
miles  was  begun  on  the  Federal  right,  Birney  supporting. 
Early's  corps  on  the  Confederate  left  below  Bethesda 
church  was  attacked  unsuccessfully.  Lee's  center  was 
attacked  heavily.  A  line  occupied  by  Kershaw,  containing 
an  angle  and  otherwise  weak,  had  been  abandoned,  the  Con 
federates  withdrawing  to  new  intrenchments  made  during 
the  night,  straightening  the  line.  The  attack  upon  the 
straightened  line  was  repulsed  with  carnage,  and  with  in 
significant  loss  to  the  covered  Confederates.  Within  eight 
minutes  thousands  of  men  dropped.  All  three  Federal 
corps  attacking  were  enfiladed  on  account  of  the  Confed 
erate  position.  An  order  for  a  second  advance  was  an- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

swered  by  the  troops  under  shelter  moving  forward,  those 
lying  down  firing.  A  third  order  was  met  by  simply  firing 
where  they  lay.  The  Federals  then  attempted  regular 
approaches. 

The  Confederate  line  was  broken  on  the  right  at  one 
point,  but  was  at  once  restored.  At  Cold  Harbor  D.  B. 
Birney,  Alabama;  and  T.  L.  Crittenden,  Kentucky,  com 
manded  divisions.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged  3d— 5th. 
Tompkins,  Virginia,  commanded  the  artillery  brigade  of 
the  6th  corps ;  D.  R.  Ransom,  North  Carolina,  commanded 
a  brigade  of  horse  artillery.  Henry,  Indian  Territory ; 
R.  N.  Bowerman,  Maryland,  and  Mclntosh,  Florida,  were 
engaged. 

Around  Dallas,  May  25th-June  4th,  Brannan  and  New 
ton  were  engaged. 

An  attack  on  the  2d  corps  was  repulsed  June  5th,  Tid- 
ball's  artillery  brigade  participating. 

Combat  of  Piedmont  or  Staunton,  Va.,  June  5th.  Hun 
ter,  in  a  ten-hour  battle,  defeated  the  Confederates.  The 
Confederate  left  wing  was  doubled  up  by  a  flank  attack. 
Jones  was  killed.  The  Confederates  lost  about  1,500  men, 
3  guns,  and  3,000  stand  of  arms.  J.  R.  Meigs,  District 
of  Columbia,  was  engaged. 

Hunter  occupied  Staunton,  June  6th.  Breckenridge's 
command,  sent  by  Lee,  came  and  barred  the  way  to  Lynch- 
burg  at  Rockfish  Gap  east  of  Staunton.  Hunter  moved 
south  in  the  Valley,  making  for  Lynchburg  that  way.  Con 
federate  cavalry  obstructed  his  progress  and  Breckenridgo 
moved  to  Lynchburg  with  the  Blue  Ridge  between  him  and 
Hunter.  Hunter  occupied  Lexington,  burning  the  Vir 
ginia  Military  Institute. 

Cold  Harbor,  June  6th  and  7th.  Early  made  two  ef 
forts  against  the  Federal  right  flank  and  rear,  but  found 
it  well  intrenched. 

Trevilian  Raid.  June  7th  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  started  from  the  Pamunkey  against  the  Virginia 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     203 

Central  Railroad  and  to  join  Hunter.  June  8th  Hunter 
formed  a  junction  with  two  other  commands  at  Staunton. 

Francis  M.  Ramsay,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded 
an  expedition  into  the  Atchafalaya  River  in  June,  1864. 
In  an  engagement  at  Simmsport,  La.,  June  8th,  Confeder 
ates  attacked  him  unsuccessfully. 

June  8th  F.  P.  Blair,  Kentucky,  with  the  17th  corps, 
reached  the  army  at  Ackworth,  Ga.,  having  left  1,500  men 
as  a  garrison  at  Allatoona.  His  corps  was  attached  to 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

The  night  of  June  8th  Federal  cavalry  moved  with  J.  R. 
Hawley  to  threaten  Petersburg,  Va.,  from  the  City  Point 
road.  They  returned  to  City  Point  on  account  of  delay 
to  cavalry  coming  from  the  road  south  of  Petersburg. 

Petersburg  lines,  June  9th.  Wise  on  the  Confederate 
left  had  the  only  regular  soldiers.  While  Federal  cavalry 
appeared,  S.  P.  Lee's  gunboats  opened  fire  on  Fort  Clifton 
and  other  Confederate  positions  on  the  river.  Federal 
cavalry  charged  on  the  Jerusalem  plank  road  from  the 
south.  Artillery  and  cavalry  reinforcements  stopped  and 
drove  them. 

Petersburg  lines,  June  10th.  In  the  effort  to  capture 
Petersburg,  cavalry  carried  works  on  the  south  side,  but  the 
expedition  failed.  The  Confederate  line  was  a  semi-circle, 
with  the  ends  resting  on  the  river.  It  was  weak.  Short 
and  strong  works  were  constructed  later  by  Lee's  army. 

June  10th  Palmer's  corps  advanced  toward  Pine  Moun 
tain,  and  gained  an  eminence  within  artillery  range. 

Morgan,  on  a  cavalry  raid,  had  taken  Mt.  Sterling,  Lex 
ington  and  Cynthiana,  Ky.  Hobson,  Kentucky,  came  the 
afternoon  of  the  llth  to  relieve  Lexington.  He  was  at 
tacked  in  front  by  Giltner,  while  Morgan  assailed  him  in 
the  rear,  and  compelled  him  to  surrender. 

The  Alabama,  needing  repairs,  entered  the  port  of  Cher 
bourg,  France,  June  llth. 

Cavalry  Combat  of  Trevilian  Station,  Va.,  June  llth 


204     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

and  12th.  The  Federal  cavalry,  barred,  returned  to  West 
Point,  Va. 

Combat  of  Cynthiana,  Ky.,  June  12th.  S.  G.  Bur- 
bridge,  Kentucky,  with  5,200  men,  attacked  Morgan  at 
Cynthiana,  struck  him  hard  and  defeated  him.  Morgan 
lost  half  of  his  command,  and  marched  back  to  Virginia. 

June  12th  J.  A.  Winslow,  North  Carolina,  commanding 
the  Kearsarge,  learned  at  Flushing,  Holland,  that  the 
Alabama  had  arrived  at  Cherbourg. 

The  Federals  started  from  Cold  Harbor  the  night  of 
June  12th.  Getty  was  in  the  march  from  the  White  House 
to  the  James  River. 

Lee  ordered  Early  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley  June  12th 
to  strike  Hunter's  rear  and  then  threaten  Washington. 
Early  was  detached  and  started  next  day. 

The  Federal  advance  corps  reached  James  River  the 
night  of  June  13th.  The  Army  commenced  crossing  the 
James  next  day,  at  Wilcox's  Landing.  The  18th  corps 
was  at  Bermuda  Hundred  the  14th  p.  M.  It  crossed  the 
Appomattox  River  that  night,  and  moved  on  the  south 
side  against  the  Petersburg  defenses  without  delay. 

Pine  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  14th.  The  shot  which  killed 
Polk,  Confederate  corps  commander,  is  said  to  have  been 
fired  by  Thomas'  order.  That  night  Johnston  abandoned 
Pine  Mountain. 

Hulks  were  sunk  at  Trent's  Reach  in  James  River  be 
tween  June  15th  and  18th  to  protect  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  and  the  fleet  from  the  Confederate  fleet  above. 

June  15th  Thomas  marched  through  the  abandoned 
works  at  Pine  Mountain,  and  Newton  and  another  of 
Thomas'  divisions,  with  supports,  carried  an  intrenched 
skirmish  line,  and  advanced  nearly  to  Johnston's  main  line. 
Newton  was  stopped.  The  other  division,  not  being  held 
back,  fought  unsuccessfully  till  dark. 

Battles  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  June  15th  to  18th,  1864. 
There  was  some  fighting  by  about  7  A.  M.  on  the  east. 
The  18th  corps  appeared  near  Petersburg.  Cavalry  dem- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     205 

onstrated  from  the  south,  withdrawing  when  they  believed 
the  infantry  were  not  going  to  attack  from  the  east.  Then 
the  infantry  to  the  east  attacked  the  Confederates.  The 
18th  corps  assaulted  near  sunset  and  carried  the  lines 
northeast  of  Petersburg  from  the  Appomattox  River  for 
over  two  and  a  half  miles.  Hoke's  division,  returned  by 
Lee,  reached  Beauregard  the  evening  of  the  15th.  The 
Federals  had  flanked  battery  No.  5  on  the  Confederate 
left.  Hagood's  brigade  arrived  and  took  position  on  a 
new  line  closely  in  rear  of  the  captured  works.  That  night 
Lee  tented  near  Drewry's  Bluff. 

E.  T.  Nichols,  Georgia,  naval  officer,  successfully  en 
gaged  a  Confederate  battery  at  Four  Mile  Creek,  James 
River,  June  16th. 

J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  in  organizing 
forces  for  the  capture  of  Mobile  and  Forts  Gaines  and 
Morgan  June  16th  to  August  2d,  1864. 

Hunter  invested  Lynchburg,  Va.,  June  16th.  Early 
had  marched  to  near  Charlottesville  by  the  16th. 

Battle  of  Petersburg,  June  16th.  The  Confederate 
lines  in  front  of  Bermuda  Hundred  were  evacuated  early 
A.  M.,  and  troops  marched  to  the  help  of  Petersburg.  The 
Federals  made  a  general  assault  after  5  P.  M.,  the  conflict 
lasting  for  three  hours.  D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  stormed 
and  carried  the  ridge  in  his  front.  He  broke  the  Confed 
erate  line  and  effected  a  lodgment.  The  fighting  was  in 
favor  of  the  Confederates  on  their  left,  and  seriously 
against  them  on  their  right.  The  Federals  bombarded 
with  pauses  until  morning. 

Johnston  moved  his  left  back  from  Lost  Mountain  the 
night  of  June  16th  to  a  new  line  behind  Mud  Creek. 
One  of  the  brigades  of  Newton's  division  there  captured 
by  a  rush  an  intrenched  line  and  its  defenses. 

The  Federals  had  taken  possession  of  the  Bermuda  Hun 
dred  line  when  Bushrod  Johnson  left  it  for  Petersburg. 
Lee  recaptured  it  the  16th  and  17th,  his  army  arriving 
from  north  of  the  James. 


206      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Battle  of  Petersburg,  June  17th.  Fighting  began  early. 
The  Federals  attacked  early.  They  were  repulsed  three 
times.  They  merely  forced  the  Confederates  into  a  strong 
interior  line.  About  dusk  a  part  of  the  Confederate  line 
was  wholly  broken,  and  disaster  was  imminent  to  the  Con 
federates,  when  Gracie's  brigade  arrived,  leaped  over  the 
works,  restored  the  line,  drove  the  Federals  back,  and  cap 
tured  about  S,000  prisoners.  The  firing  lasted  until 
shortly  after  lip.  M. 

Battle  of  Lynchburg,  June  17th  and  18th.  Action  of 
Diamond  Hill,  June  17th.  Early 's  advance  division  went 
by  rail  to  Lynchburg  the  17th.  Hunter  attacked.  J.  R. 
Meigs,  District  of  Columbia,  was  engaged. 

Battle  of  Petersburg,  June  18th.  During  the  night  the 
Confederates  had  fallen  back  to  a  new  line  on  their  left. 
This  withdrawal  to  the  interior  line  delayed  the  attack 
from  early  morning  until  noon.  The  attack  had  been  or 
dered  for  4  A.  M.  Confusion  was  caused  by  not  finding 
the  Confederates  in  the  old  position.  There  were  partial 
unsuccessful  attacks  before  noon.  Lee's  vanguard  reached 
the  field  in  the  A.  M.  His  army  was  now  south  of  the 
James.  Lee  in  person  arrived  at  11:30  A.M.  When  the 
grand  attack  was  made  at  noon,  two  of  his  divisions  had 
reached  the  Petersburg  lines.  The  attack  was  repulsed. 
Another  grand  attack  at  4  p.  M.  by  the  2d,  9th  and  5th 
corps  was  repulsed.  Later  attacks  by  the  5th  and  9th 
corps  were  repulsed.  Mclntosh,  Florida,  was  engaged  in 
the  battles  around  Petersburg.  Federals  had  possession 
of  James  River  up  to  City  Point. 

Battle  of  Lynchburg,  June  18th.  Hunter's  efforts  were 
unsuccessful.  He  attacked  right  of  the  turnpike  and  was 
repulsed.  Early  having  gotten  heavy  reinforcements  to 
Lynchburg,  Hunter  retreated  the  night  of  the  18th.  The 
rest  of  Early's  men  reached  Lynchburg  by  rail  late  p.  M., 
18th.  D.  H.  Strother,  Virginia;  John  S.  Witcher,  Vir 
ginia,  and  Carr  B.  White,  Kentucky,  were  in  the  Shenan- 
doah  Valley  campaign. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     207 

Action  of  Mud  Creek,  June  18th.  T.  J.  Wood,  Ken 
tucky,  and  John  Newton,  Virginia,  threw  forward  a  strong 
line  of  skirmishers  upon  Johnston's  new  position,  partly 
surprised  their  opponents  and  took  a  portion  of  their 
main  line.  The  success  led  Johnston  to  abandon  his 
position. 

June  19th,  1864,  John  A.  Winslow,  North  Carolina, 
commanding  the  Kearsarge,  fought  the  Alabama.  The 
marksmanship  of  the  Kearsarge  was  of  a  high  order.  The 
Alabama  was  sunk.  She  had  9  killed  in  the  battle,  10 
drowned  and  21  wounded.  The  use  of  chain  armor  pro 
tecting  the  Kearsarge  was  patterned  from  Farragut,  who 
used  it  with  benefit  in  passing  the  forts  to  reach  New  Or 
leans. 

Early  drove  Hunter's  rear-guard  through  Liberty  the 
19th  p.  M.  He  afterward  captured  ten  pieces  of  artillery. 
Hunter  retreated  to  and  along  the  Kanawha  River  west 
ward  to  the  Ohio  River.  Early,  after  a  brief  pursuit, 
inarched  for  Maryland. 

Thomas,  and  Wood  and  Newton  under  him,  were  en 
gaged  in  battles  and  skirmishes  about  Pine  and  Kenesaw 
Mountains,  June  20th  to  July  2d. 

June  20th  Whittaker  crossed  Nose's  Creek,  and  later 
carried  a  wooded  hill  in  his  front,  and  barricaded  and 
held  his  position  against  repeated  and  furious  assaults. 
Confederates  were  driven  back. 

Brush  Mountain,  June  20th.  The  Federals  attacked 
the  Confederates  unsuccessfully. 

The  night  of  June  20th-21st  a  brigade  of  the  Army  of 
the  James  effected  a  lodgment  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
James  at  Deep  Bottom. 

White  House,  Va.,  June  21st.  J.  J.  Abercrombie,  Ten 
nessee,  was  in  command  of  the  depot  at  White  House  in 
June,  1864,  being  engaged  in  its  defense  against  Hamp 
ton's  Legion. 

Early's  pursuit  of  Hunter  lasted  through  June  21st, 
He  then  marched  for  Maryland. 


208      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

The  Confederate  fleet  came  down  the  James  River  below 
Dutch  Gap  June  21st  in  a  demonstration. 

Alex.  A.  Semmes,  District  of  Columbia,  passed  and  si 
lenced  Hewlett  house  batteries  on  James  River  in  June, 
1864.  There  was  a  midnight  bombardment. 

Around  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  21st.  Wood,  Ken 
tucky,  carried  an  intrenched  hill-top,  and  then  gained  an 
eminence  which  commanded  the  Confederate  skirmish  line, 
and  permitted  the  advance  of  the  right  of  the  4th  corps. 
Johnston  made  three  unsuccessful  attempts  during  the 
night  to  dislodge  Wood.  Johnston  had  moved  his  right 
wing  over  to  the  left  unknown  to  the  Federals. 

Battle  of  Weldon  Railroad,  Jerusalem  Plank  Road,  Pe 
tersburg  Lines,  June  21st  and  22d.  Cavalry  raid  against 
Lee's  railroad  communications  captured  Reams'  Station 
7  A.  M.  22d. 

On  the  Jerusalem  plank  road  Confederates  got  in  be 
tween  the  2d  corps,  under  D.  B.  Birney,  and  the  6th  corps, 
and  thereby  defeated  the  Federals.  Birney  was  engaged. 
Next  morning  Federal  infantry  advanced  and  reached  the 
Weldon  Railroad  without  much  opposition. 

Combat  of  Gulp's  Farm,  Gulp's  House,  Ga.,  June  22d. 
Thomas'  troops  at  3  A.  M.  drove  Confederates  from  a  hill 
a  mile  in  front  of  the  center  of  the  20th  corps.  Hood  made 
a  forced  night  march  from  the  right  flank  to  the  left,  and 
attacked  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  and  some  of  Thomas'  troops 
hard.  He  was  repulsed.  At  3  p.  M.  Confederates  attacked 
on  Thomas'  front  and  were  repulsed.  By  pressure  against 
Johnston's  flanks,  he  was  forced  to  contract  his  lines,  and 
assumed  the  Kenesaw  Mountain  position,  with  his  right 
still  at  Brush  Mountain. 

Early  started  north  June  23d. 

Combat  of  Lafayette,  Tenn.,  June  24th-25th.  Pillow, 
with  3,000  men,  called  upon  L.  D.  Watkins,  Florida,  to 
surrender.  He  defended  the  town  until  reenforced  by 
Croxton,  Kentucky,  commanding  the  4th  Kentucky 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     209 

mounted  infantry,  when  Pillow  was  finally  repulsed.  Wat- 
kins  showed  courage  and  capacity. 

Work  by  the  Federals  on  the  Petersburg  mine  com 
menced  June  25th.  The  main  gallery  was  51  feet ;  lateral 
galleries  —  left  37  feet,  right  38  feet. 

New  Hope  Church,  June  25th.  Thomas'  men  were 
engaged. 

Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  June  27th.  The  2d  corps  was 
crossed  to  the  north  side  of  the  James  River  the  night  of 
June  26th  with  cavalry.  On  the  27th  the  Confederates 
were  driven  from  their  intrenched  position  at  Deep  Bot 
tom,  losing  four  guns. 

Battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  27th,  1864. 
The  Army  of  the  Ohio  crossed  Olley's  Creek,  some  distance 
south,  holding  a  large  force  to  oppose  it.  The  Army  of 
the  Tennessee  on  the  left  did  likewise.  Thomas  attacked 
the  Confederate  center  at  two  points  south  of  Kenesaw. 
Newton's  division  led  one  attack,  another  division  partici 
pating.  Palmer,  Kentucky,  made  the  other  attack.  One 
attack  was  against  Loring's  left,  the  other  against  Cheat- 
ham's  front.  Cannonading  preceded.  Newton's  men  went 
far.  A  brigade  stopped,  was  urged  forward  again,  and 
reached  the  Confederate  works,  but  was  repulsed.  The 
other  division  reached  the  Confederate  works,  but  was  com 
pelled  to  halt.  The  men  were  left  in  a  critical  position, 
but  Thomas  had  them  construct  defenses,  keeping  up  a 
vigorous  fire  to  do  it.  Newton's  troops  were  less  exposed 
in  the  advance  but  obstructions  forced  them  to  fall  back. 
Newton  assaulted  again  unsuccessfully.  A  brigade  cap 
tured  one  line  of  Confederate  breastworks  in  the  battle. 
Palmer's  men  succeeded  in  making  a  shelter  close  to  the 
Confederate  works.  The  attack  had  been  repulsed.  The 
position  assaulted  is  comparable  in  strength  with  the  Cem 
etery  at  Gettysburg. 

Saml.  W.  Price,  Kentucky,  signally  led  a  regiment  in 
assault  on  a  position  on  the  Moulton  and  Dallas  road, 


210      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

capturing  and  holding  it  against  large  numbers  until  re- 
enforced.  Brannan  won  merit. 

After  this,  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  was  sent  to  join 
the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  and  the  cavalry  to  the  Chattahoochee 
River  far  below  Johnston. 

Early  left  Staunton  June  28th. 

Combat  of  Deep  Bottom,  June  28th.  Confederates 
attacked  the  Federals  and  checked  them.  The  Federals 
recrossed  to  the  south  bank  of  the  James  River,  the  nights 
of  the  28th  and  29th. 

G.  W.  Getty  was  engaged  in  an  expedition  to  Reams 
Station  and  the  Weldon  Railroad,  June  28th  to  July  10th, 
1864. 

Geo.  M.  Bache,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the 
four  vessels  in  the  army  and  navy  expedition  up  the 
Arkansas  River,  June  29th.  At  Clarendon,  Ark.,  he  de 
feated  the  Confederate  batteries  and  troops. 

Emory  was  in  command  of  the  forces  at  Morganzia  in 
June,  1864. 

J.  R.  Hawley,  North  Carolina,  and  Henry,  Indian  Ter 
ritory,  were  engaged  in  the  Army  of  the  James  in  the 
Petersburg  campaign,  June,  1864. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  commanded  the  artillery  bri 
gade  of  the  2d  corps  in  the  Richmond  and  Petersburg 
campaigns,  May  to  July,  1864. 

Early  reached  Winchester  July  2d. 

Johnston  abandoned  Kenesaw  Mountain  the  night  of 
July  2d.  Thomas  occupied  Kenesaw  Mountain  July  3d 
at  daylight. 

The  Federal  force  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.,  evac 
uated  Martinsburg  July  3d  and  retreated  across  the  Po 
tomac  at  Shepherdstown  that  night. 

Geo.  B.  Balch,  Tennessee,  was  engaged  in  naval  opera 
tions  in  the  Stono  River,  S.  C.,  July  3d  to  llth,  particu 
larly  the  bombardment  of  Battery  Pringle.  T.  S. 
Fillebroun,  District  of  Columbia,  commanding  the  Mon~ 
tauk,  was  engaged. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     211 

Combat  of  Ruffs,  Ga.,  July  3d— 4th.  Thomas  was  en 
gaged  in  an  assault  at  Ruffs  the  4th. 

Combat  of  Smyrna,  July  4th.  Thomas  skirmished  up 
to  the  Smyrna  works  July  3d.  There  was  some  fighting  at 
Smyrna  the  4th,  demonstrating  that  Johnston  was  there 
in  force. 

Federals  evacuated  Harper's  Ferry  the  night  of  July 
4th.  Early  demonstrated  against  Maryland  Heights 
from  the  Virginia  side  the  5th  and  crossed  part  of  his  com 
mand  to  Maryland  at  Shepherdstown. 

Action  of  Chattahoochee  River,  July  5th.  Thomas 
was  engaged. 

Early  menaced  Maryland  Heights  on  the  Maryland  side 
July  6th.  He  occupied  Hagerstown  and  Boonsboro. 
Early's  movements  threatened  Washington.  Two  divi 
sions  of  the  6th  corps  were  detached  from  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  the  19th  corps,  just  arriving  from  New  Or 
leans,  was  diverted  to  its  defense. 

Passage  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  Ga.,  July  6th  to 
10th.  Newton,  Wood  and  Brannan  were  engaged. 

J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  was  put  in  command  of  the 
19th  corps,  of  the  west,  July  7th,  1864. 

Bombardment  of  Fort  Pringle,  Stono  River,  S.  C.,  July 
7th  to  10th.  Engaged,  Balch,  Tennessee;  Fillebroun ; 
A.  F.  Crosman,  Missouri,  and  Alex.  A.  Semmes,  District 
of  Columbia.  Semmes  participated  in  the  operations  at 
Charleston  till  its  surrender. 

Crossing  of  the  Chattahoochee,  July  8th-9th.  The 
Federals  feigned  to  the  right  and  crossed  on  the  left  and 
intrenched.  Johnston  crossed  and  burnt  his  bridges. 
Thomas  took  the  shortest  line  to  Atlanta,  with  the  Army 
of  the  Ohio  above  him,  and  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee 
still  farther  above,  going  by  Roswell  to  Decatur  —  east  of 
Atlanta. 

Early  passed  through  Frederick,  Md.,  July  9th. 

Combat  of  Monocacy  River,  Md.,  July  9th.  The  Fed 
erals  took  position  behind  the  river.  Confederate  cavalry 


212      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

crossed  the  river  and  struck  their  left  flank,  followed  by 
Gordon.  The  left  was  thrown  back,  opening  the  way  to 
the  bridge  near  the  center,  where  Ramseur  now  crossed,  and 
the  small  Federal  force  was  routed.  Early  neared  Wash 
ington  the  10th.  He  detached  troops  to  threaten  Balti 
more,  and  A.  W.  Bradford,  Maryland,  Governor  of  Mary 
land,  called  out  militia  to  defend  it.  French,  Maryland, 
was  in  command  of  troops  assembled  at  Havre  de  Grace 
during  the  demonstration  against  Washington. 

L.  H.  Rousseau,  Kentucky,  had  been  stationed  at  Nash 
ville  for  the  protection  of  communications  of  the  army 
moving  toward  Atlanta.  He  had  prevented  Wheeler  from 
damaging  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Railroad.  July 
10th  he  started  from  Decatur,  Ala.,  with  the  brigade  of 
T.  J.  Harrison,  Kentucky,  and  another  brigade,  marching 
southeast  on  a  raid  far  down  in  Alabama  to  Opelika,  to 
sever  railroad  communication  with  the  west,  and  prevent 
reinforcements  and  supplies  from  being  received  by  John 
ston  from  the  west. 

Ord  was  in  command  of  the  8th  corps,  and  all  troops  in 
the  Middle  Department,  July  llth  to  21st,  1864. 

Early  came  up  to  the  Washington  works  July  llth,  which 
were  manned  just  as  he  was  moving  upon  them.  They 
were  weakly  held  before.  Some  of  Emory's  troops  arrived 
before  2  p.  M.  He  defended  the  city  that  day  and  the 
next,  with  Getty  serving.  M.  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  com 
manded  a  division  occupying  trenches  east  of  Fort  Stevens, 
July  llth  to  14th. 

Fort  Stevens,  Washington,  D.  C.,  July  12th.  Early 
remained  the  12th  and  a  Federal  reconnoitering  force  from 
the  city  in  the  afternoon  was  driven  back.  He  commenced 
retiring  at  night. 

Thomas  was  engaged  in  crossing  the  Chattahoochee, 
July  12th  to  17th. 

Getty  was  with  the  forces  following  up  Early  in  his  re 
tirement  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  July  13th  to  August 
9th.  J.  R.  Kenly,  Maryland,  participated.  Early  re- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

crossed  the  Potomac  above  Leesburg,  Va.,  the  morn  of 
the  14th.  Bradley  Johnson's  detachment  had  threatened 
Baltimore  and  had  started  for  Point  Lookout  to  try  to 
release  the  soldier  prisoners,  but  had  returned.  Early 
moved  from  Leesburg,  after  resting  over  the  15th,  and 
reached  the  Shenandoah  Valley  through  Snicker's  Gap. 

July  16th  Rousseau  burned  four  storehouses  and  their 
contents  of  provisions  at  Youngsville,  Ala.  July  18th  he 
sent  out  raiders  on  the  Atlantic  &  Montgomery  Railway, 
who  destroyed  a  large  section,  defeated  a  Confederate  force 
and  took  400  conscripts.  In  nine  days  Rousseau  had  trav 
eled  300  miles.  He  was  100  miles  in  Johnston's  rear. 

Hood  succeeded  Johnston  in  command  of  the  Confed 
erate  army  July  18th. 

Battle  of  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Ga.,  July  I9th-21st. 
Wood  constructed  a  bridge,  and  forced  the  passage  of 
Peach  Tree  Creek  July  19th,  driving  the  Confederates 
from  its  defenses.  Thomas'  other  troops  fought  their  way 
over. 

Peach  Tree  Creek,  July  20th.  Thomas  was  in  chief 
command  on  the  field.  The  battle  was  fought  by  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  under  his  personal  directions.  Cross 
ing  Peach  Tree  Creek  one  of  his  corps  was  divided.  Two 
divisions  marched  to  connect  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
leaving  an  interval  of  nearly  two  miles  between  Thomas  and 
his  detached  troops  aligned  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio. 
Newton  remained  on  Thomas'  left.  Next  was  W.  T.  Ward, 
Virginia.  Palmer's  corps  held  Thomas'  right.  All  having 
crossed,  were  stretched  along  the  creek.  Hood  sallied 
from  his  Peach  Tree  line  and  struck  the  20th  corps,  which 
had  just  crossed  Peach  Tree  Creek.  Hardee  on  the  right, 
and  Stewart  on  the  left,  in  lines  that  overlapped  Newton's 
position,  assaulted  at  3  p.  M.  The  battle  was  opened  by 
Hardee,  falling  on  Newton.  Newton  and  another  general 
of  division  made  dispositions  for  defense.  Newton  placed 
a  four-gun  battery  and  constructed  slight  rail  barricades. 
The  Federals  were  surprised,  and  taken  at  much  disad- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

vantage  in  position.  Most  of  Thomas'  line  had  not  had 
time  to  barricade.  A  division  struck  Newton  in  front, 
another  passed  his  left  flank  and  thrust  itself  between  Pea- 
vine  and  Peach  Tree  Creek,  and  a  third  attacked  his  right 
flank.  Whole  battalions  of  Confederates  went  far  into  the 
gap  east  of  him.  He  first  acted  to  repulse  the  attack  on 
his  left,  using  reserve  artillery.  His  soldierly  eye,  though 
he  had  not  anticipated  an  assault,  had  previously  marked 
a  fine  spot  for  artillery,  and  had  led  him  to  have  two  guns 
placed  there.  The  two  guns  so  placed  in  reserve  helped 
beat  back  the  flank  movement  when  he  was  isolated. 
Thomas,  behind  the  creek,  turned  some  reserve  batteries 
upon  the  Confederate  battalions  and  cannonaded  the  thick 
ets  that  bordered  the  creek,  sweeping  the  valley  as  far  as 
the  cannon  could  reach.  The  flanking  Confederates  broke 
in  confusion.  Newton  next  repelled  the  front  attack. 
His  rifles  and  cannon,  with  incessant  firing,  stopped  and 
repulsed  it.  One  brigade  which  participated  then  changed 
front  at  right  angles,  and  engaged  the  third  Confederate 
division,  which  had  advanced  between  Newton  and  the 
troops  on  his  right,  and  had  faced  east.  Ward's  division 
now  advanced  from  cover,  and  its  skirmish  line  held  the 
Confederates  in  check  until  the  whole  division  had  reached 
a  hill  to  the  right  and  rear  of  Newton.  Ward  drove  back 
the  Confederates  shattered.  He  advanced  and  filled  the 
interval  on  Newton's  right  and  fortified.  The  attack 
which  swept  on  along  Thomas'  line  was  repulsed,  though 
the  ranks  were  shaken  in  places.  The  Army  of  the  Ten 
nessee  was  working  to  the  east  so  rapidly  that  Cleburne's 
division  was  taken  away  to  help  meet  it.  Stewart  drove 
Thomas'  right  from  its  works,  and  held  them  until  driven 
out  by  an  enfilade  fire  of  batteries  placed  in  position  by 
Thomas. 

Hood  made  a  second  general  attack,  commencing  upon 
Newton's  left  in  the  effort  to  double  up  his  line  by  taking 
it  in  reverse  as  well  as  in  flank.  The  crisis  came  with  the 
reappearance  of  Bate's  division  to  the  left  and  rear  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     215 

Newton.  Thomas  hurried  up  the  artillery  of  Ward's  divi 
sion,  in  person  urging  the  horses  on,  using  his  sword  on 
them,  planted  them  alongside  the  two  left  by  Newton  and 
then  directed  the  action  of  the  guns.  They  fired  at  short 
range  furiously,  and  the  attack  was  repulsed  there.  The 
battle  passed  on  to  the  right,  but  the  Federal  line  was  now 
compact,  and  the  direct  assaults  failed.  Charge  after 
charge  was  repulsed.  R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  on  the 
right  was  heavily  attacked.  Four  divisions  and  a  brigade 
had  withstood  the  heavy  Confederate  attacks.  Thomas 
was  with  the  troops  in  the  battle  at  points  of  extreme 
danger.  He  exposed  himself  in  different  portions  of  the 
field.  Newton's  conduct  of  his  command  was  scientific,  and 
his  valor  was  prominent. 

Wood,  to  the  left,  beyond  the  two-mile  gap,  was  some 
what  heavily  engaged  during  the  afternoon. 

A  division  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  swept  Wheeler's 
cavalry  back,  until  he  made  a  stand  at  Bald  Hill  Knob, 
where  Cleburne  came. 

Ord,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  18th  corps,  July 
21st  to  September  30th,  1864,  in  the  operations  before 
Richmond. 

Battle  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  21st  and  22d. 

On  the  21st  Thomas  brought  forward  his  three  corps. 
Blair  was  ordered  to  seize  Bald  Hill.  M.  F.  Force,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  with  support,  charged  the  hill  and  car 
ried  it,  losing  heavily.  It  was  a  high  hill,  which  gave  a 
full  view  of  the  heart  of  Atlanta.  Hood  gave  up  the 
Peach  Tree  line,  and  after  dark  drew  back  two  corps  into 
the  outer  works. 

Battle  of  Atlanta,  or  Decatur,  July  22d.  The  night  of 
the  21st  Hardee  was  sent  south,  then  around  the  Federal 
left  flank  until  his  rear  was  nearly  past  its  extreme  left. 
The  Confederate  trenches  having  been  deserted  from  Bald 
Hill  to  Thomas'  right,  the  Federals  closed  on  Atlanta, 
skirmishing.  Blair  held  the  left  of  the  Federal  line.  A 
Federal  corps  had  remained  for  the  night  a  mile  or  more 


216      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

in  rear  of  Blair's  general  line.  It  had  sent  a  detachment 
to  hold  Decatur,  support  the  cavalry  and  take  care  of  some 
army  wagons  and  had  marched  toward  Atlanta.  Fortui 
tously,  one  division  was  nearly  parallel  to  Hardee's  front, 
so  that  when  the  skirmish  shots  rang  out,  they  had  merely 
to  face  about  and  were  in  a  good  line.  Their  position  was 
most  fortunate.  Hardee  had  to  cross  some  open  fields. 
Pie  had  turned  the  left  flank.  Battle  raged.  About 
3  p.  M.  Cheatham  attacked  the  Federal  left  in  front  and 
took  possession  of  some  Federal  defenses  there.  Hood 
attacked  all  along  the  east  front  of  Atlanta.  Blair's 
corps,  during  the  day,  was  attacked  first  from  the  rear, 
then  flank,  and  then  front.  It  was  beaten  back  at  right 
angles  hinging  at  Bald  Hill.  The  line  of  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee  was  broken.  The  Confederates  drove  back  a 
portion  of  a  division,  and  flanked  the  rest,  causing  the 
whole  division  to  break  to  the  rear  in  confusion,  losing 
guns.  The  troops  stopped  their  retreat  at  the  line  occu 
pied  by  them  in  the  morning,  and  reformed.  They, 
Wood's  division,  and  another  brigade,  recaptured  some  of 
the  cannon  which  had  been  lost.  Wood  struck  the  Con 
federate  flank,  breaking  it.  Blair  repulsed  a  front  attack. 
He  made  his  men  spring  to  the  reverse  side  of  their 
intrenchments  ready  to  fire.  They  then  fought  other 
Confederates  from  that  side.  M.  F.  Force,  District  of 
Columbia,  was  conspicuous.  He  charged  upon  Confederate 
works,  and,  after  their  capture,  defended  his  position  until 
severely  wounded.  Hardee  bore  off  eight  guns.  Cheat- 
ham  captured  five  guns.  After  fighting  till  night,  Hood 
withdrew.  The  Army  of  the  Ohio  and  Thomas  tried  to 
break  through  the  Atlanta  intrenchments  during  the  battle 
in  vain. 

Rousseau,  Kentucky,  arrived  at  Marietta,  Ga.,  July  2£d, 
having  come  through  by  a  long  circuit,  accomplishing  his 
raid  through  Alabama  and  Georgia.  He  suggested  the 
expedition,  organized  and  commanded  it.  In  15  days  he 
traveled  450  miles,  took  and  paroled  2,000  prisoners,  killed 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     217 

and  wounded  200,  defeating  a  Confederate  force  at  the 
Coosa  River,  and  captured  800  horses  and  mules.  He 
destroyed  31  miles  of  railroad  track  and  many  supplies. 
He  passed  through  Talladega,  and  destroyed  the  railroad 
thence,  and  went  25  miles  to  Opelika,  doing  some  harm  to 
the  branch  road. 

Early  established  himself  at  Strasburg  July  22d. 

The  State  Convention  of  Federal  Louisiana  adopted  a 
new  constitution  July  22d,  1864. 

Rousseau's  cavalry  was  in  a  raid  to  Love  joy  Station, 
Ga.,  July  26th  to  31st,  to  destroy  the  railroad  track  in 
Hood's  rear. 

July  28th  E.  T.  Nichols,  Georgia,  naval  officer,  was  en 
gaged  in  the  shelling  of  batteries  at  Four-mile  Creek. 

July  27th  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  was  marching 
around  the  rear  of  the  other  two  armies  to  close  upon 
Atlanta  on  the  southwest  side  near  Ezra  church. 

Battle  of  Ezra  Church,  Ga.,  July  28th,  1864.  Blair 
occupied  the  center  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  Hood 
sent  a  force  against  the  right  of  the  Army  of  the  Ten 
nessee.  At  8  A.  M.  there  was  increasing  skirmishing. 
Hood  attacked  before  the  right  had  intrenched.  Confed 
erates,  in  small  force,  passed  beyond  the  extreme  right. 
Two  regiments  from  Blair's  corps,  with  repeating  rifles, 
and  other  regiments  came  to  the  rescue.  The  repeat 
ing  rifles  were  remarkable  in  their  execution.  Cannon 
were  placed.  Blair  was  watchful  and  helpful.  The  flank 
ing  Confederates  were  killed  or  retreated,  and  the  attack 
spent  its  force.  Hood  withdrew  within  his  fortified  lines. 
During  the  battle  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  skirmished 
heavily  on  its  whole  front  as  a  diversion. 

After  this  battle  the  Federal  right  was  gradually  worked 
eastward  and  southward. 

The  latter  part  of  July  Canby,  Kentucky,  made  ar 
rangements  with  Farragut  to  cooperate  against  Mobile, 
Ala.  In  person  he  moved  along  the  eastern  shore  of  Mo 
bile  Bay. 


218      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Battle  of  the  Crater,  Petersburg  Mine,  July  30th.  The 
explosion  was  about  4  :30  A.  M.  Federal  troops  filled  the 
crater.  Advances  around  its  sides  failed.  The  Federals 
who  reached  the  Confederate  trenches  on  the  sides  of  the 
crater  sought  refuge  with  others  in  the  crater.  Mahone, 
Confederate,  charged  on  the  crater  at  2  P.  M.  and  cap 
tured  it. 

Henry  was  engaged  before  Fort  Harrison. 

In  July,  1864,  Wm.  K.  Mayo,  Virginia,  took  command 
of  the  monitor  Nahant  in  front  of  Charleston  and  discov 
ered  the  port  was  not  closed  to  commerce  entirely.  A  more 
vigorous  system  was  adopted  with  good  results.  During 
July  and  August  there  were  frequent  engagements  in  the 
James  River  between  the  fleet  of  S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  and 
Confederate  batteries. 

After  July,  1864,  D.  B.  Birney,  Alabama,  commanded 
the  10th  corps,  Army  of  the  James. 

Canby,  Kentucky,  landed  a  division  on  the  west  end  of 
Dauphin  Island,  Mobile  Bay,  August  3d,  and  prepared 
to  besiege  Fort  Gaines. 

August  4th  Palmer  felt  part  of  Hood's  line  heavily. 
One  of  Thomas'  divisions  pushed  up  against  the  Confed 
erates  August  5th. 


CHAPTER  VIII 

MOBILE    BAY  —  WELDON     RAILROAD  —  JONESBORO  —  OPE- 
QUON  —  FISHER'S   HILL  —  CHAFFIN'S    FARM  —  CEDAR    CREEK 
—  MARAIS  DBS  CYGNES  —  HATCHER'S  RUN  —  SPRING  HILL  — 
FRANKLIN  —  NASHVILLE. 

BATTLE  of  Mobile  Bay,  Passage  of  Forts  Gaines  and 
Morgan,  August  5th.  Farragut,  Tennessee,  had  the  forts, 
torpedoes,  iron-clad  Tennessee  and  three  gunboats  to  en 
counter.  P.  Drayton,  South  Carolina,  commanding  the 
Hartford,  was  his  fleet-captain.  Farragut  had  eighteen 
vessels  in  all.  The  Tecumseh,  Manhattan,  Wmnebago 
and  Chickasaw  were  monitors.  Farragut's  vessels  were 
lashed  together  in  pairs.  The  fleet  moved  by  5 :45  A.  M. 
The  Confederate  vessels  took  position  across  the  entrance 
to  the  Bay  and  raked  fore  and  aft,  doing  great  damage. 
The  monitors  were  in  advance.  The  Tecumseh  was  sunk 
by  a  torpedo.  The  Hartford  passed  to  the  head  of  the 
wooden  vessels  by  Farragut's  order,  going  over  torpedo 
ground.  The  Hartford  and  the  Metacomet,  commanded 
by  J.  E.  Jouett,  Kentucky,  lashed  to  her,  passed  the  forts 
and  got  into  the  Bay  ahead  of  the  others.  The  Confed 
erate  gunboat  Selma,  in  front,  raked  her  fore  and  aft,  as 
she  had  to  keep  a  narrow  channel.  The  Tennessee  came 
near  her,  then  turned  and  made  for  the  fleet,  some  distance 
behind,  still  in  front  of  Fort  Morgan.  Jouett,  at  8  A.  M., 
was  permitted  to  cut  the  Metacomet  loose  and  attack  the 
Selma.  The  Metacomet  was  the  fastest  vessel  in  the  fleet. 
He  overtook  the  Selma,  closed  with  and  captured  her.  He 
exhibited  coolness,  promptness  and  good  conduct.  The 
Games  was  crippled  by  the  Hartford  before  the  Selma  sur 
rendered.  The  Gaines  ran  aground  and  was  set  on  fire. 

219 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

The  crew  escaped  to  Fort  Morgan.  B.  Gherardi,  Louisi 
ana,  commanding  the  Port  Royal,  joined  in  the  chase  of 
the  Morgan,  Games  and  Selma.  W.  P.  McCann,  Ken 
tucky,  commanding  the  Kennebec,  pursued  the  Morgan. 
The  Hartford  reached  the  deep  water  of  the  Bay  and 
anchored.  The  Tennessee  made  for  the  fleet,  which  passed 
the  fort  before  she  could  reach  them.  The  Kennebec, 
lashed  to  the  Monongahela,  rammed  the  Tennessee.  The 
Richmond,  commanded  by  T.  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia,  follow 
ing  the  Hartford,  was  now  ahead,  with  the  others,  except 
the  Brooklyn,  half  a  mile  astern.  The  Tennessee  sheered 
off  from  the  Brooklyn,  and  put  two  shells  through  and 
through  her  sides.  The  Richmond  gave  the  Tennessee 
three  broadsides,  but  they  were  harmless.  The  fleet 
anchored  around  the  Hartford,  except  four  vessels,  which 
had  put  after  the  Confederate  gunboats.  The  Tennessee, 
after  remaining  near  Fort  Morgan,  came  against  the  fleet. 
Attempts  were  made  to  ram  the  Tennessee  injuriously,  the 
Monongahela  striking  her  with  an  iron  prow,  knocking  it 
off,  and  the  Lackawanna  with  a  wooden  prow.  They  were 
harmless.  The  Tennessee  made  for  the  Hartford.  The 
two  slid  against  each  other.  A  shot  from  the  Chickasaw 
cut  the  Tennessee's  rudder-chain.  She  was  not  steerable 
thereafter,  and  her  fighting  career  was  ended.  From  the 
time  the  Hartford  struck  the  Tennessee,  the  latter  did  not 
fire  a  gun.  The  Tennessee  surrendered  at  10  A%  M.  280 
captives  were  taken  with  the  Tennessee  and  Selma.  The 
small  gunboat  Philippi,  in  attempting  to  run  by  the  Fort, 
was  sunk,  and  was  afterward  burned  by  the  Confederates. 

Drayton  showed  marked  fighting  capacity  in  the  battle. 
Gherardi  was  cool  and  courageous.  Ed.  Donaldson, 
Maryland,  commanded  the  Seminole. 

J.  C.  P.  DeKrafft,  District  of  Columbia,  commanding 
the  Conemaugh,  fought  Fort  Powell,  Mobile  Bay.  Fort 
Powell  was  evacuated  the  night  of  August  5th. 

The  great  fighting  career  of  Farragut  is  capped  by  his 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     221 

conduct  of  the  battle  of  Mobile  Bay.  The  presidential 
election  was  coming  on,  and,  if  there  were  to  be  no  success 
of  the  Federal  forces,  the  war  party  had  no  show  of  win 
ning.  Lincoln  in  the  presidency  was  at  stake.  The  battle 
of  Mobile  Bay  brightened  the  outlook.  After  it,  the 
armies  in  Georgia  were  not  required  to  march  against  Mo 
bile,  following  the  capture  of  Atlanta,  and  were  free  to 
proceed  with  other  plans.  The  battle  stopped  blockade- 
running  into  Mobile.  104  guns  and  1,464  men  were  taken 
in  the  operations. 

Canby,  Kentucky,  was  engaged  in  land  operations 
against  Mobile  between  August  5th  and  23d. 

August  6th  R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  was  given  com 
mand  of  the  14th  corps.  Hood  felt  Thomas'  line  from 
right  to  left. 

Fort  Gaines,  Mobile  Harbor,  surrendered  August  7th  as 
a  result  of  Farragut's  victory.  T.  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia, 
was  engaged  there. 

August  7th  Johnson's  corps  advanced,  carried  a  line  of 
rifle-pits  and  established  a  line  close  to  the  Confederate 
works.  Confederate  cavalry  moved  against  the  Federal 
communications.  Wheeler  recaptured  Dalton  and  Resaca 
and  destroyed  railroads.  Forrest  also  did  great  damage  in 
Tennessee.  Rousseau,  commanding  at  Nashville,  set  to 
work  to  foil  them. 

Emory,  Maryland,  was  engaged  in  following  Early  from 
Washington  to  the  Shenandoah,  opposing  him  till  large 
Federal  reinforcements  arrived,  August  7th.  Early  with 
drew  to  Fisher's  hill  before  the  Federal  advance.  He  had 
just  entered  Maryland  again.  The  Federals  withdrew  to 
Halltown  when  Early,  in  turn,  was  reenforced. 

Fort  Morgan,  Mobile  Bay.  Troops  and  guns  were 
landed  by  the  Federals  at  Navy  Cove  August  9th.  Far- 
ragut's  fleet  attacked  the  Fort,  bombarding  daily. 

August  9th  there  was  a  great  cannonade  of  Atlanta. 

The  Federal  Shenandoah  Valley  army  started  south  from 


222      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

near  Harper's  Ferry  August  10th,  aiming  at  Early 's  line 
of  retreat.  Getty  was  in  the  Shenandoah  campaign,  Aug 
ust  10th  to  December  2d. 

Combats  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.  Birney's  corps,  and 
the  2d  corps  and  cavalry  were  sent  over  James  River  the 
night  of  August  13th  to  threaten  Richmond  from  the 
north  side  of  the  James. 

Combat  of  Deep  Bottom,  August  14th.  D.  B.  Birney 
participated  on  the  left  —  next  James  River  —  gaining 
some  advantage  and  taking  four  guns.  George  B.  Dandy, 
Georgia,  fought  well. 

By  August  14th  troops  had  approached  within  700 
yards  of  Fort  Morgan.  By  the  15th  Canby's  men  had 
erected  several  batteries  of  heavy  guns  on  the  land  ap 
proach. 

Craven,  District  of  Columbia,  commanding  the  Niagara, 
captured  the  commerce-destroyer  Georgia  near  Lisbon 
August  15th. 

Combats  of  Deep  Bottom,  Bayliss  Creek,  Va.,  August 
16th  to  18th.  Birney  was  on  the  right.  He  carried  the 
Confederate  lines  and  captured  300  men.  Later  the  Con 
federates  drove  him  back.  Incidentally,  the  weakening  of 
Lee's  forces  south  of  the  James  aided  the  Federals  in  seiz 
ing  the  Weldon  Railroad. 

J.  R.  Meigs,  District  of  Columbia,  was  Chief  Engineer 
to  the  middle  military  division  in  the  Shenandoah  cam 
paign,  August  17th  to  October  3d. 

Battles  of  the  Weldon  Railroad,  August  18th  to  20th. 
Globe  Tavern,  Va.,  August  18th.  Federals  moving  to  the 
Weldon  Railroad  were  confronted  by  Confederates.  At 
first,  they  were  forced  to  fall  back  to  prevent  the  turning 
of  their  left  flank ;  then  they  drove  the  Confederates  and 
held  the  railroad. 

Globe  Tavern,  August  19th.  Federals  were  attacked  by 
Lee,  who  seized  part  of  their  line.  Federals  were  re- 
enforced  and  regained  nearly  all  of  their  ground.  The  line 
of  the  5th  corps  was  drawn  back  about  a  mile,  August 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     223 

20th.  The  force  north  of  the  James  recrossed  the  night 
of  August  20th. 

Weldon  Railroad,  Globe  Tavern,  August  21st.  Lee 
assaulted  the  intrenched  Federals.  Hagood's  brigade  got 
inside  the  works  on  the  Federal  left,  and  part  of  them 
were  captured.  Lee  gained  an  advantage,  with  large  cap 
tures,  but  the  Federals  held  on. 

Reams  Station,  August  21st-22d.  The  2d  corps  de 
stroyed  the  track  for  some  distance. 

Action  of  Charlestown,  August  21st.  Getty  lost  con 
siderably. 

By  August  21st  Canby's  troops  had  approached  within 
200  yards  of  Fort  Morgan. 

Fort  Morgan,  Mobile  Bay,  August  22d.  There  was 
heavy  bombardment  by  Farragut's  fleet  and  Canby's  guns. 
T.  A.  Jenkins,  Virginia,  was  engaged.  All  but  two  of  its 
guns  were  disabled.  It  surrendered  August  23d.  The 
garrison  was  400  men.  Jenkins  was  left  in  command  of 
Mobile  Bay  Division  until  February,  1865. 

R.  W.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  was  Chief  of  Cavalry,  Mili 
tary  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  August  22d  to  October 
27th,  1864.  He  was  dispatched  to  Nashville  to  equip  and 
forward  cavalry  from  that  station. 

Weldon  Railroad.  The  2d  corps  had  burnt  some  miles 
of  track  when  notified  August  24th  that  Confederates  were 
moving  to  the  Federal  left. 

Battle  of  Reams  Station,  Va.,  August  25th.  The  Fed 
erals  had  an  intrenched  camp.  Lee  made  a  reconnoissance 
at  2  P.  M.  He  attacked  the  Federal  right  there  twice  and 
was  repulsed.  At  5  p.  M.  Hill  opened  with  artillery.  The 
Federals  were  attacked  on  their  right  and  lost  the  line 
and  artillery.  They  retook  some  of  the  line  by  means  of 
a  line  formed  at  right  angles,  and  sweeping  down.  The 
Federal  left  was  put  to  flight.  Lee  failed  to  drive  the 
Federals  from  a  new  line,  and  reinforcements  came  to 
them  before  dark.  They  retreated  after  dark. 

JSlwell  S.  Otis,  Maryland,  commanded  a  regular  brigade 


224      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

in  operations  around  Petersburg,  and,  during  the  early 
fall  of  1864,  on  and  near  the  Weldon  Railroad.  A  rifle 
ball  passed  through  the  left  side  of  his  head,  while  serv 
ing  on  the  line  of  the  Weldon  Railroad. 

August  25th  the  investment  of  Atlanta  was  abandoned. 
One  corps  was  left  to  protect  communications.  The 
others  wheeled  to  the  south  against  the  railroad  to  the 
southeast,  which  was  the  Confederate  line  of  communica 
tions.  The  Army  of  the  Tennessee  at  the  extreme  south 
aimed  at  Jonesboro,  not  fortified,  26  miles  below  Atlanta 
on  the  railroad.  It  neared  Jonesboro  and  Hardee  faced  it. 

Expedition  of  Sterling  Price,  Confederate,  August  28th 
to  December  2d.  Leaving  Camden,  southern  Arkansas,  he 
moved  north  through  central  Arkansas  and  northeastern 
Arkansas ;  north  through  eastern  Missouri  to  the  out 
skirts  of  St.  Louis ;  west  across  the  entire  State,  appearing 
before  the  intrenchments  of  the  Capital  —  Jefferson  City  ; 
south  along  the  western  border  of  Missouri,  passing  for  a 
short  distance  into  Kansas ;  south  through  western  Arkan 
sas,  into  Indian  Territory,  across  it  toward  the  center  into 
Texas ;  through  Texas  some  distance ;  then  into  Arkansas, 
ending  not  far  from  the  starting  point.  He  fought  at 
Pilot  Knob,  Jefferson  City,  Lexington,  Boonville,  Little 
and  Big  Blue,  Westport,  Osage  and  Marais  des  Cygnes. 

Hunter's  command  of  the  Department  of  West  Vir 
ginia  ended  August  29th. 

Battle  of  Jonesboro,  August  30th,  31st  and  September 
1st.  August  30th  a  Federal  attack  upon  Lewis'  brigade 
was  repulsed. 

One  of  Thomas'  divisions  reached  the  railroad  southeast 
of  Atlanta.  A  part  of  Thomas'  army  was  attacked  by 
Hardee's  and  Lee's  corps,  which  were  repulsed. 

Jonesboro,  August  31st.  Hardee  attacked  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee  and  was  repulsed.  Blair's  corps  was  in  the 
center.  Rude  breastworks  were  made  and  Hardee  again 
failed.  The  Federals  struck  the  West  Point  road  and 
then  the  Macon  road. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     225 

Battle  of  Jonesboro,  September  1st.  The  Federal  arm 
ies  were  concentrated  upon  Jonesboro.  Thomas,  join 
ing  the  left  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  mainly  fought 
the  day's  battle.  The  14th  corps  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  under  Thomas'  personal  directions  and  or 
ders  and  in  his  presence,  attacked  Hardee's  corps,  posted 
behind  intrenchments,  and  carried  the  works.  One  of 
Johnson's  divisions  carried  its  entire  front.  It  was  the 
most  complete  and  successful  assault  upon  formidable 
works  of  the  whole  campaign,  and  led  to  the  relinquish- 
ment  of  Atlanta  next  day.  Nearly  1,000  men,  8  guns 
and  seven  battle  flags  were  captured.  Brannan,  District 
of  Columbia;  Newton,  Virginia,  and  Wood,  Kentucky, 
were  engaged  in  the  assault  of  the  intrenchments. 

Rousseau  pursued  Wheeler  in  Tennessee,  September  1st 
to  8th. 

Occupation  of  Atlanta,  September  2d.  The  20th  corps, 
of  Thomas'  command,  entered  Atlanta.  The  Confed 
erate  forces  had  been  drawn  away.  Hood  then  took 
position  at  Lovejoy's  Station,  30  miles  southeast  of  At 
lanta.  During  the  night  Hardee  fell  back  to  Lovejoy's 
station. 

Lovejoy's  Station,  September  2d.  Part  of  Thomas' 
army  attacked  the  Confederates.  Wood  reached  their  po 
sition  near  6  P.  M.  He  was  severely  wounded,  but  did  not 
leave  the  field.  Newton  was  engaged. 

The  vigilance  of  Canby  had  prevented  trans-Mississippi 
troops  from  joining  Hood. 

In  the  Atlanta  campaign  Palmer,  Kentucky,  and  John 
son,  Kentucky,  commanded  the  14th  corps  and  Blair  the 
17th  corps.  Brannan  was  chief  of  artillery  of  Thomas' 
army.  Newton,  Virginia ;  W.  T.  Ward,  Virginia ;  Wood, 
Kentucky ;  Wm.  Harrow,  Kentucky ;  H.  M.  Judah, 
Maryland  commanded  divisions.  Kenner  Garrard,  Ken 
tucky,  and  E.  H.  Murray,  Kentucky,  commanded  cavalry 
divisions.  The  bravery  of  Brannan,  Whittaker,  and  Wil 
liamson,  Kentucky,  was  recognized.  E.  W.  Crittenden, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Kentucky ;  Thos.  C.  Fletcher,  Missouri ;  Theo.  Jones,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia ;  Jas.  S.  Martin,  Virginia ;  Durbin  Ward, 
Kentucky;  Wm.  Vandever,  Maryland;  Chas.  Candy,  Ken 
tucky;  Eli  Long,  Kentucky;  T.  J.  Harrison,  Kentucky; 
M.  F.  Force,  District  of  Columbia;  John  T.  Croxton, 
Kentucky ;  Jas.  P.  Brownlow,  Tennessee ;  Jos.  A.  Cooper, 
Kentucky,  and  T.  J.  Henderson,  Tennessee,  were  engaged. 
Vandever  was  at  Rome  from  May  22d.  Long  operated 
in  north  Alabama  to  June  6th.  There  were  more  than 
thirty  Federal  Kentucky  regiments  in  the  Atlanta  cam 
paign. 

Brannan  arranged  artillery  for  the  defense  of  Atlanta. 
Newton  was  engaged  in  the  occupation  of  Atlanta. 

The  Shenandoah  Valley  army  moved  forward  from 
Charlestown  September  3d. 

Greeneville,  Tenn.,  September  4th.  Morgan,  the  Con 
federate  cavalry  leader,  was  surprised  and  killed  while  on 
an  advance  to  attack  Alvan  C.  Gillem,  Tennessee,  at  Bull's 
Gap,  Tenn.  Gillem  found  Morgan  in  a  house  in  Greene 
ville.  He  was  killed  attempting  to  escape. 

September  7th  Fort  Wagner,  Charleston  Harbor,  was 
evacuated. 

In  September,  1864,  S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  spoke  about 
the  Albemarle,  and  two  plans  were  submitted  to  him  for 
her  capture  or  destruction.  Lee  approved  one  and  had  it 
placed  before  the  Navy  Department  at  Washington.  The 
purchase  of  suitable  vessels  was  ordered. 

September  8th  Price  crossed  the  Arkansas  River  at 
Dardanelle  on  his  way  to  Missouri. 

The  Federal  army  was  concentrated  in  Atlanta  Septem 
ber  9th. 

In  the  operations  around  Petersburg  Federals  drove 
picket  lines  across  the  plank  road,  and  advanced  their 
permanent  line  half  a  mile,  September  10th.  Henry  was 
engaged  in  the  operations  around  Petersburg  from  June  to 
September,  1864. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     227 

Thos.  H.  Patterson,  Louisiana,  was  senior  officer  of  the 
outside  blockade  off  Charleston  September  15th. 

September  18th  part  of  Early's  army  was  before  Mar- 
tinsburg. 

Battle  of  Winchester  or  Opequon,  September  19th, 
1864.  At  daylight  the  Federals  crossed  the  Opequon. 
Early  was  attacked  on  his  left  flank  and  front.  One  bri 
gade  was  driven  back,  but  the  position  was  regained. 
Then  the  Confederates  forced  the  attacking  body  off. 
This  was  about  11  A.  M.  Rodes  was  killed  in  the  Confed 
erate  attack.  Breckenridge's  part  of  the  army  reached 
the  field  from  Martinsburg  about  2  P.  M.  Emory's  corps 
broke  the  first  line  of  the  Confederate  left  and  threw  it  into 
confusion.  Emory  posted  a  regiment  in  a  projection  of 
wood,  with  orders  not  to  fire  until  the  pursuing  Confed 
erates  should  have  passed  them.  As  they  thus  received  a 
volley  from  behind,  a  volley  from  their  front  sent  them 
back.  The  Federal  center  was  driven  back.  The  line  was 
restored.  After  a  lull,  Federal  cavalry  got  in  the  left  rear 
of  the  Confederates.  The  Federals  were  outflanking  the 
Confederate  left.  The  Confederate  line  there  fell  back, 
and  a  new  line  was  formed.  The  8th  corps  or  Army  of 
West  Virginia,  advanced  against  the  left  and  again  the 
cavalry  got  to  the  left  rear.  The  line  there  gave  way, 
and  Early  fell  back  through  Winchester,  formed  a  new 
line,  checking  the  Federals  until  darkness  ended  the  at 
tack,  then  retired  to  Newtown.  Getty  was  valiant  and 
useful  in  the  battle.  Mclntosh,  Florida,  played  a  signal 
part,  losing  a  leg.  The  fighting  of  I.  H.  Duval,  Virginia, 
was  of  merit.  J.  R.  Meigs,  District  of  Columbia,  was  en 
gaged. 

By  night  September  20th  Emory  and  others  were  on 
the  heights  of  Strasburg. 

September  20th  Forrest  started  against  Federal  posts 
and  communications  in  Tennessee.  He  captured  Athens, 
Ala.,  and  500  prisoners.  September  21st  Hood  shifted 


228      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

his  position  to  Palmetto  Station  —  25  miles  southwest  of 
Atlanta,  preparatory  to  a  campaign  against  the  commu 
nications  of  the  army  at  Atlanta.  When  Hood  started 
against  communications  Newton  was  sent  to  Chattanooga. 

Fisher's  Hill,  Va.,  September  22d.  A  force  of  the  Fed 
erals  was  marched  to  Little  North  Mountain,  near  the  left 
flank.  They  struck  Early's  left  and  rear  so  suddenly  as 
to  cause  his  army  to  break  and  retreat.  This  was  near 
sundown.  Getty  fought  with  spirit.  His  division  did 
good  work.  J.  R.  Meigs  was  engaged.  At  Opequon  and 
Fisher's  Hill  the  Federals  captured  21  guns.  That  night 
the  Federals  followed  Early  to  Woodstock.  995  Con 
federates  were  captured.  The  Federals  pushed  Early 
through  Harrisonburg  and  Staunton,  but  Early  never 
crossed  to  the  east  of  the  Blue  Ridge. 

By  September  24th  the  Federals  had  followed  the  Con 
federates  to  Mt.  Jackson,  where  they  were  driven  from  a 
strong  position.  The  Federal  cavalry  struck  Staunton  and 
Waynesboro,  then  retired  before  Early.  The  Valley  was 
now  devastated  from  Staunton  to  Winchester. 

Combat  of  Fort  Davidson,  Pilot  Knob,  or  Ironton,  Mo., 
September  26th-27th.  Price  skirmished  the  26th  and  at 
tacked  the  Fort  27th.  Thos.  C.  Fletcher,  Missouri,  com 
manded  infantry  forces  at  Pilot  Knob  courageously.  Price 
was  repulsed,  but  the  Federals  evacuated  that  night.  They 
dropped  back,  and  Price  attacked  the  defenses  of  St.  Louis, 
some  miles  south  of  the  city.  He  was  repulsed.  He  then 
moved  toward  Jefferson  City.  The  enrolled  militia  of  cen 
tral  Missouri  wrere  called  out,  and  troops  were  concen 
trated  at  Jefferson  City. 

Newton  and  another  division  were  sent  September  28th 
to  contend  against  Forrest  in  Tennessee.  Next  day 
Thomas  was  ordered  back  to  Stevenson  and  Decherd  to 
look  after  Tennessee,  protecting  communications. 

Fort  Harrison,  Chaffin's  Farm,  Va.,  September  29th. 
The  night  of  September  28th,  the  10th  corps  under  D. 
B.  Birney  and  the  18th  under  Ord  were  crossed  to  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     229 

north  side  of  the  James  River.  On  the  29th  they  car 
ried  the  strong  fortifications  and  intrenchrnents  below 
Chaffin's  farm,  known  as  Fort  Harrison.  Ord  valiantly 
stormed  the  Fort.  He  wras  severely  wounded.  Birney  at 
tacked  the  works  at  Spring  Hill,  on  New  Market  Heights. 
The  defenses  were  strong  —  abatis,  marsh  and  redoubt. 
They  were  carried  by  a  bayonet  charge.  This  was  the 
key-point  to  the  Confederate  defenses.  15  guns  had  been 
captured  and  the  New  Market  road  and  intrenchments,  a 
position  from  which  Richmond  was  seriously  threatened. 
Geo.  B.  Dandy,  Georgia,  was  engaged  at  Fort  Harrison. 
Fort  Gilmer  was  then  attacked,  but  the  Federals  were  re 
pulsed  with  loss.  Wm.  Birney,  Alabama,  was  engaged. 

Poplar  Springs  Church,  Va.,  September  30th.  D.  B. 
Birney  took  the  Confederate  works.  Moving  to  the  left, 
the  troops  were  attacked  and  forced  back  until  supported 
by  those  holding  the  captured  works.  The  Federal  cavalry 
was  attacked  and  repulsed  the  Confederates. 

Rousseau,  Kentucky,  went  after  Forrest,  and  stopped 
him  from  damaging  the  railroad  between  Tullahoma  and 
Decherd.  At  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  he  repulsed  Forrest  the  last 
of  September.  Forrest  pushed  on  to  Columbia,  where 
Rousseau  confronted  him,  saving  Columbia.  Rousseau's 
movements  circumvented  Forrest. 

Battle  of  Fort  Harrison,  September  30th  and  October 
1st.  Lee  assaulted  Fort  Harrison  several  times  unsuccess 
fully  September  30th  and  October  1st,  losing  about  2,000 
men  and  7  battle-flags.  Birney  intrenched  the  Chaffin's 
Bluff  line.  Ord  and  Birney  had  advanced  their  lines  to 
within  seven  miles  of  Richmond. 

Action  of  Carroll  Station,  September  30th— October  1st. 
A.  C.  Gillem,  Tennessee,  drove  Vaughn  out  of  his  works. 

J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  was  in  command  on  the  Mis 
sissippi  River  from  its  mouth  to  Memphis,  October  to  De 
cember,  1864. 

Hood  crossed  the  Chattahoochee  River  at  Campbelltown 
October  1st,  and  moved  northwest  on  Dallas,  a  detachment 


230      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

destroying  fifteen  miles  of  railroad  track  above  Marietta. 
He  sent  French's  division  against  Allatoona.  The  Fed 
eral  armies  at  Atlanta  followed  Hood.  One  corps  was  left 
at  Atlanta. 

Action  of  King's  Salt  Works,  near  Saltville,  Va.,  Oc 
tober  2d.  In  September  S.  G.  Burbridge,  Kentucky,  ad 
vanced  through  eastern  Kentucky  and  up  the  Big  Sandy 
River  upon  the  salt  works.  At  Liberty  Hall,  Va.,  Giltner 
met  him,  and  delayed  him  so  that  Breckenridge  got  to  the 
salt  works  first.  Burbridge  attacked  on  the  2d.  He  was 
repulsed  and  fell  back,  pursued  to  the  Louisa  Fork  of  the 
Big  Sandy. 

Thomas  arrived  at  Nashville  October  3d.  He  con 
verged  four  columns  upon  Forrest.  Rousseau  and  John 
T.  Croxton,  Kentucky,  commanded  two  of  the  columns. 
Forrest  turned  south  and  withdrew  across  the  Tennessee 
River.  When  Hood  moved  north  Thomas  made  disposi 
tions  against  him. 

Combat  of  Allatoona  Creek,  or  Allatoona  Pass,  Ga.,  Oc 
tober  5th.  Reinforcements  had  arrived  from  Rome,  and 
the  Federals  held  the  place,  losing  heavily,  while  the  Con 
federate  loss  was  somewhat  more.  Wm.  Vandever,  Mary 
land,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  succeeded  in  signaling  over 
the  heads  of  the  Confederates  a  message  to  hold  on ;  that 
the  main  army  troops  were  on  the  way. 

Action  of  Darby  town  Road,  near  Fort  Harrison,  Va., 
October  7th.  Federal  cavalry  were  driven  back  with  heavy 
loss.  The  Confederates  captured  nine  guns.  They  then 
attacked  the  Federal  infantry  line  there  and  were  re 
pulsed. 

Defense  of  Jefferson  City,  Mo.,  October  8th.  Price  at 
tacked  the  defenses,  but,  being  closely  pursued  from  St. 
Louis,  left,  moving  up  the  Missouri  River.  A.  Pleasanton, 
District  of  Columbia,  contributed  to  his  decampment. 
Troops  of  the  Department  of  Kansas  were  collected  to  de 
fend  against  Price.  24  regiments  of  Kansas  militia  were 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     231 

hastily  organized.  Pleasanton  was  among  those  following 
him. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  in  command  of  the  9th 
corps  artillery  brigade  from  October  9th,  1864,  to  April 
2d,  1865. 

Horatio  G.  Gibson,  Maryland,  was  in  command  at  Lou- 
don,  Tenn.,  October  12th  to  November  18th,  1864. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  relinquished  command  of  the  North 
Atlantic  Squadron  October  12th,  1864,  having  held  it  since 
September,  1862. 

Hood  by  a  circuit  reached  Resaca  October  12th.  He 
summoned  it  to  surrender,  but  did  not  attack.  He  de 
stroyed  the  railroad  for  twenty  miles.  He  took  Dalton, 
October  13th.  The  Federal  army  from  Atlanta  followed 
to  Resaca,  then  turned  west  to  intercept  Hood.  Hood  es 
caped  to  Gadsden,  Ala.  The  Federals  stopped  at  Gayles- 
ville,  Ala.,  about  fifty  miles  to  the  northeast.  Hood,  after 
a  short  pause,  crossed  the  mountains  and  went  to  Decatur, 
Ala. ;  finally  opposite  Florence,  Ala. 

Combat  of  Darbytown  Road,  Va.,  October  13th.  The 
Federals  lost  heavily,  going  against  new  works  being  con 
structed  by  the  Confederates  on  the  line  of  the  Darbytown 
Road.  J.  R.  Hawley,  North  Carolina,  was  engaged. 

Preparations  were  made  for  the  march  through  Georgia, 
to  reach  a  new  base,  with  a  view  to  joining  the  forces 
around  Richmond,  the  inland  march  of  a  thousand  miles 
being  too  long  to  attempt.  Under  date  of  October  19th 
Thomas  was  put  in  command  of  all  the  Military  Division 
of  the  Mississippi  except  the  army  which  was  to  march 
through  Georgia.  He  was  asked  to  defend  the  line  of  the 
Tennessee  during  its  absence.  When  Hood  appeared  at 
Decatur,  the  4th  corps  was  sent  to  Thomas.  When  Hood 
went  to  Tuscumbia,  the  23d  corps  was  started  for  Ten 
nessee,  to  follow  his  orders. 

Battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  October  19th.  The  8th 
corps  held  the  Federal  left;  Emory  with  the  19th  corps 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

the  center;  Getty  with  the  6th  corps  the  right.  At  dawn, 
Early  attacked  the  8th  corps  in  front  and  around  the 
rear,  and  quickly  passed  on  to  the  rear  of  Emory.  It  was 
a  fatal  surprise.  The  8th  corps  was  gone  in  a  few  min 
utes.  Emory  made  an  attempt  to  form  a  line,  but  un 
successfully.  His  corps  repulsed  the  first  show  in  their 
front.  When  the  Confederates  appeared  in  their  rear, 
they  retreated  a  mile  and  a  half,  when,  the  pursuit  having 
stopped,  he  formed  a  line.  Getty  made  a  show  of  resist 
ance.  After  the  rout  of  the  8th  and  19th  corps,  when 
Pegram  and  Ramseur  were  before  the  front  of  the  6th 
corps,  Wharton  advanced  against  its  left,  but  fell  back 
before  its  efforts.  Cavalry  on  the  right  met  Confederate 
cavalry  sent  by  Early  to  make  a  demonstration  there. 
Getty's  infantry  made  itself  felt  on  the  Confederate  ad 
vance.  The  artillery  with  the  cavalry  was  the  only  artil 
lery  left  to  the  army.  All  not  captured  had  been  sent  to 
the  rear.  The  19th  corps  had  gone  to  the  west  of  Get 
ty's  corps  and  moved  north,  while  Getty  fell  back  before 
the  Confederates.  Getty  was  thus  falling  back  to  a  po 
sition  at  Emory's  left.  Emory's  corps  had  fallen  back 
another  mile  and  prepared  for  action.  The  men  threw 
up  rude  breastworks.  Emory  repulsed  an  attack  at  10 
A.  M.  Two  of  Getty's  divisions  had  retreated  to  Emory's 
line  by  11  A.  M.,  and  then  had  been  gotten  back.  Getty's 
own  division  was  at  the  front.  This  division  and  the 
cavalry  were  the  only  troops  left  resisting  the  Confed 
erates.  Wharton  had  been  ordered  to  form  his  division 
and  hold  the  Federal  cavalry  around  Middletown  in  check. 
About  noon  Emory  was  ordered  to  fall  back  to  his  final 
rear  position.  While  facing  the  Federal  position  two 
miles  north  of  Middletown  Early  ordered  the  captured  ar 
tillery,  arms  and  wagons  sent  back.  The  cavalry  attacked 
the  Confederate  right  several  times.  The  Federal  cavalry 
had  formed,  and  had  arrayed  itself  on  the  Confederate 
right,  having  advanced  to  that  position.  After  the  Fed 
eral  line  had  been  formed,  the  cavalry  on  the  Federal  left 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     233 

charged,  scattering  the  Confederates  in  their  front.  The 
successful  Federal  advance  was  late  in  the  afternoon.  The 
Confederate  end-brigade  was  not  in  touch  with  the  next, 
and  the  Federals  pushed  in  between.  The  division  of  J. 
W.  McMillan,  Kentucky,  on  the  extreme  right  enveloped 
the  Confederates.  Emory  helped  strike  the  Confederates 
when  they  were  flanked  and  driven.  His  first  division  later 
formed  nearly  at  right  angles  with  the  Confederate  front, 
so  that  it  was  able  to  crowd  them  back.  The  cavalry 
charged  the  Confederate  right  unsuccessfully.  A  small 
part  of  the  Confederate  force  on  the  left,  with  artillery, 
held  the  Federals  in  check  some  time.  Ramseur  was  mor 
tally  wounded,  and  the  artillery  ammunition  gave  out, 
the  balance  of  the  left  gave  way,  and  Early  ordered  the 
right  to  retire.  A  rout  ensued,  the  Federals  reaching  their 
morning  camp.  Early  lost  artillery  on  the  field,  and  a 
large  part  of  the  artillery  he  lost  was  at  night  south  of 
Cedar  Creek  near  Strasburg,  by  a  cavalry  attack,  along 
with  the  breaking  of  a  bridge.  Altogether  he  lost  almost 
all  his  artillery  and  trains. 

Getty  commanded  the  6th  corps  during  part  of  the 
battle.  Besides,  he  commanded  a  division  of  it.  C.  H. 
Tompkins,  Virginia,  commanded  its  artillery  brigade  with 
honor.  Thos.  M.  Harris,  Virginia,  commanded  a  di 
vision.  W.  H.  Ball,  Virginia,  was  heavily  engaged. 
David  Shunk,  Maryland,  commanded  one  of  McMillan's 
brigades.  D.  R.  Ransom,  North  Carolina,  commanded 
horse  artillery.  Wm.  B.  Curtis,  Maryland,  and  Milton 
Wells,  Virginia,  were  engaged. 

Emory  and  Getty,  forming  new  lines  after  the  morning 
rout,  formed  thereby  a  quick  barrier  between  the  Confed 
erates  and  Washington,  with  a  fleeing  army  in  the  back 
ground,  and  the  overthrow  of  the  Lincoln  government 
yawning  beyond  at  the  election  to  occur  just  then. 

October  20th  Early's  infantry  marched  for  New  Market 
at  3  A.  M.  His  cavalry  held  Fisher's  hill  until  after  10 
A.  M.  After  this  battle,  all  of  Early's  army  was  sent  away, 


234      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

except  Wharton's  division  and  cavalry  and  artillery.  He 
established  himself  at  Staunton. 

Lexington,  Mo.,  October  20th.  Resisting  Price  till 
night,  the  Federals  fell  back  to  the  Little  Blue  River. 

Little  Blue,  Mo.,  October  21st.  Price  engaged  the  Fed 
erals,  and  they  fell  back,  the  stream  being  fordable  above 
and  below. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  was  ordered  to  the  command  of  the 
Mississippi  Squadron  October  21st.  A.  M.  Pennock,  Vir 
ginia,  was  in  command  of  the  Mississippi  Squadron  for  a 
short  time  before  Lee  took  command. 

Action  of  Big  Blue  River,  October  22d.  Just  as  the 
Federals  were  being  driven  from  the  line  of  the  Big  Blue 
by  Price,  A.  Pleasanton's  cavalry  came  up,  and  attacked 
Price's  rear  east  of  Independence,  routing  it.  Pleasanton 
sent  forward  a  message  giving  notice  of  his  arrival.  That 
night  Price's  army  encamped  on  the  west  side  of  the  Big 
Blue,  just  south  of  Westport. 

Near  Westport,  October  23d,  there  was  fighting  over  an 
area  of  five  or  six  square  miles  nearly  all  day.  By  sun 
down  Price  was  retiring.  He  entered  Linn  county,  Kan 
sas,  at  once.  Pleasanton  was  in  command  of  cavalry  pur 
suing  Price  toward  Fort  Scott,  Kan. 

Battle  of  Little  Osage  or  Marais  des  Cygnes,  near 
Mound  City  and  Mine  Creek,  Kan.,  October  25th.  Price 
placed  his  artillery,  supported,  on  a  high  mound  in  the 
prairie.  Pleasanton  charged  with  dash,  broke  the  Confed 
erate  line,  routed  the  force  on  the  field,  and  captured  eight 
guns,  Generals  Marmaduke  and  Cabell  and  about  a  thou 
sand  men.  Retreating,  Price  was  closely  pursued  by  the 
Federal  cavalry,  his  rear-guard  being  almost  constantly  un 
der  fire. 

Decatur,  Ala.,  October  26th.  Hood  moved  from  Gads- 
den  and  attacked  Decatur.  He  skirmished  there  October 
27th. 

In  accordance  with  the  plan  adopted  by  S.  P.  Lee,  the 
Albemarle  was  blown  up  the  night  of  October  27th.  She 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     235 

sank  in  eight  feet  of  water.  Her  upper  works  were  above 
water.  The  torpedo  launch  was  the  plan  of  W.  W.  W. 
Wood,  North  Carolina.  The  torpedo  used  had  been  intro 
duced  by  him.  It  contained  a  grape  shot. 

Battle  of  Boydton  Plank  Road  or  Hatcher's  Run,  Va., 
October  27th.  The  whole  Federal  army  except  the  men 
necessary  to  hold  the  line  was  moved  by  Lee's  right  flank. 
The  passage  of  Hatcher's  Run  was  forced.  The  Federals 
reached  the  Boydton  plank  road  where  it  crosses  Hatch 
er's  Run  —  six  miles  from  the  Southside  Railroad.  They 
were  reaching  for  it.  Finding  Lee's  fortifications  extend 
ing  on,  they  attempted  to  withdraw.  There  was  a  gap 
left  between  the  2d  and  5th  corps.  Lee  made  a  powerful 
attack  on  the  right  and  rear  of  the  2d  corps,  which  was 
faced  to  meet  it.  The  conflict  was  deadly.  The  Federals 
withdrew  that  night  to  their  old  position. 

Combat  of  Darbytown  Road  and  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  Oc 
tober  27th.  In  support  of  this  Hatcher's  Run  movement, 
the  Federals  made  a  demonstration  north  of  the  James, 
attacking  the  Confederates  unsuccessfully  on  the  Williams- 
burg  road,  and  carrying  a  work  on  the  York  River  Rail 
road,  which  was  afterward  abandoned. 

Combat  of  Morristown,  Tenn.,  October  28th.  Alvan  C. 
Gillem,  Tennessee,  defeated  the  Confederates,  taking  500 
prisoners  and  13  guns. 

At  Newtonia,  in  southwest  Missouri,  October  28th, 
Price  made  another  stand,  and  was  driven  from  the  field 
with  heavy  loss.  This  was  the  second  combat  in  severity 
of  his  campaign. 

Hood  continued  the  investment  of  Decatur  October  28th 
and  withdrew  at  4  A.  M.  29th. 

The  occupation  of  the  Tennessee  River  by  S.  P.  Lee's 
vessels  prevented  Forrest  from  crossing  and  moving  east 
to  join  Hood,  and  Hood  was  thus  prevented  from  cross 
ing  the  Tennessee  River  at  Guntersville  in  eastern  Ala 
bama,  and  moving  on  Stevenson  and  Bridgeport,  and  on 
Nashville  earlier  than  he  did.  Hood  went  to  Florence  in- 


236      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

stead,  crossing  one  division  October  30th.  John  T.  Crox- 
ton,  Kentucky,  was  watching  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Tennessee  River  with  other  cavalry.  He  detected  Hood's 
crossing  and  reported  it  to  Thomas.  Croxton  led  his  bri 
gade  of  only  1,000  against  the  Confederates,  and  then 
posted  it  for  observation.  He  helped  drive  Confederate 
cavalry  back  upon  the  infantry  at  Florence.  Thomas  or 
dered  reinforcements  to  Croxton  and  made  combinations 
against  Hood.  Thomas'  advance  infantry  was  at  Pulaski 
when  Hood  started  from  the  Tennessee  River.  He  directed 
the  concentration  of  both  his  corps  on  Pulaski,  with  intent 
to  impede  rather  than  seriously  contest  Hood's  advance 
on  Nashville. 

At  Johnsonville,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River  west  of 
Nashville,  Forrest  caused  the  destruction  of  three  gunboats 
and  eight  transports,  October  30th  to  November  4th.  He 
then  moved  south  on  the  river  to  Clifton.  Through  an  in 
tercepted  dispatch  from  President  Davis  to  Kirby  Smith, 
Canby  prevented  him  and  Magruder  with  Confederates  west 
of  the  Mississippi  River  from  crossing  and  reenforcing 
Hood  in  the  fall  of  1864. 

A.  L.  Chetlain,  Missouri,  was  in  command  of  the  post 
and  forces  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  from  October,  1864.  He 
recruited  and  organized  colored  troops  of  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee,  raising  a  force  of  17,000  colored  troops. 

John  Newton,  Virginia,  was  in  command  of  the  District 
of  Key  West  and  Tortugas,  Fla.,  from  October,  1864,  to 
the  end  of  the  War. 

J.  J.  Reynolds,  Kentucky,  was  temporarily  in  command 
of  the  Military  Division  of  West  Mississippi  in  Novem 
ber,  1864. 

Price  crossed  the  Arkansas  River  above  Fort  Smith  with 
a  few  pieces  of  artillery.  His  army  was  much  reduced. 

Thos.  C.  Fletcher,  Missouri,  was  elected  governor  of 
Missouri  in  November. 

November  3d  Thomas  ordered  the  23d  corps  from 
around  Chattanooga  by  rail  to  Nashville. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     237 

Nashville  Campaign.  November  4th  Croxton  was  driven 
across  Shoal  Creek  by  Hood's  advance,  he  having  driven 
Croxton  back  from  the  Tennessee  River  and  laid  a  pontoon 
bridge  across  it. 

The  advance  of  the  23d  corps  reached  Nashville  Novem 
ber  5th. 

In  November,  1864,  Bragg  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  Department  of  North  Carolina. 

Emory  was  in  permanent  command  of  the  19th  corps 
from  November  7th  to  the  end  of  the  War. 

November  12th  telegraphic  communication  between 
Thomas  and  the  army  in  Georgia  was  severed.  Thomas 
sent  the  23d  corps  by  rail  from  Nashville  south  to  the 
vicinity  of  Pulaski,  arriving  there  November  13th.  The 
4th  corps  was  already  in  Hood's  way.  The  two  corps 
were  united,  and,  under  Thomas'  orders,  faced  Hood  near 
Pulaski. 

Action  at  Bull's  Gap,  near  Morristown,  Tenn.,  Novem 
ber  13th.  Gillem,  Tennessee,  repulsed  two  attacks,  and 
was  then  defeated  by  Breckenridge,  who  took  his  artillery 
trains  and  baggage.  Thomas  directed  a  force  against 
Breckenridge  to  drive  him  into  Virginia,  and  try  to  de 
stroy  the  salt  works  at  Saltville,  and  the  railroad  as  far 
into  Virginia  as  practicable.  The  force  was  made  up  of 
infantry  and  dismounted  cavalry  under  Jacob  Ammen, 
Virginia ;  Gillem's  Tennessee  force,  and  mounted  troops 
under  S.  G.  Burbridge,  Kentucky  —  4,200  men  in  all.  A 
detachment  was  sent  into  North  Carolina  to  hold  the 
mountain  passes. 

Forrest  came  up  at  Florence  November  14th. 

March  to  the  Sea.  The  combined  army  set  forth  No 
vember  15th. 

Wheeler's  cavalry  came  up  November  16th. 

H.  G.  Gibson,  Maryland,  was  engaged  in  opening  com 
munication  from  Knoxville  with  troops  engaged  at  Straw 
berry  Plains  November  18th-20th. 

Hood  advanced  from  the  Tennessee  River  toward  Nash- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ville  November  19th.  November  20th  Thomas  directed 
that  his  army  near  Pulaski  prepare  to  fall  back  to  Colum 
bia.  November  22d,  under  his  orders,  it  started  back. 
Croxton,  November  23d,  helped  cover  the  retirement  from 
Pulaski  to  Columbia,  having  a  severe  fight  at  the  junction 
of  the  roads  to  Pulaski  and  Campbellsville,  maintaining  his 
position.  Thomas  made  dispositions  for  the  defense  of 
the  line  of  the  Duck  River.  He  was  trying  to  delay  Hood 
till  he  could  receive  reinforcements  at  Nashville.  The 
Federals  gained  Columbia  only  by  a  night  march.  A  di 
vision  of  cavalry  was  formed  under  R.  W.  Johnson,  Ken 
tucky. 

John  W.  Davidson,  Virginia,  was  in  command  of  a 
cavalry  expedition  from  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  to  Pascagoula, 
November  24th.  He  moved  from  Baton  Rouge  to  Tan- 
gipahoa,  where  he  broke  up  the  railroad,  destroying 
bridges,  etc.,  pushing  on  to  Franklinton  and  West  Pas 
cagoula,  taking  some  prisoners  and  causing  alarm  for  the 
safety  of  Mobile. 

Columbia,  Tenn.,  November  26th  and  27th.  The  army, 
under  Thomas'  orders,  faced  Hood  at  Columbia.  He 
pressed  the  Federal  lines.  The  Federals  crossed  the  Duck 
River  the  night  of  the  27th. 

Land  and  Water  Expedition  up  Broad  River,  November 
28th,  against  the  railroad  connecting  Charleston  and  Sa 
vannah,  in  support  of  the  army  marching  to  the  sea. 
Balch,  Tennessee,  commanded  the  Pawnee.  E.  O.  Mat 
thews,  Maryland,  commanded  the  naval  artillery.  Com 
munication  was  opened  with  the  army. 

November  28th,  reports  indicating  Hood's  intent  of 
crossing  Duck  River  and  movement  to  north  of  Colum 
bia  having  been  received,  Thomas  directed,  when  confirmed, 
the  army  should  withdraw  to  Franklin.  Forrest  crossed 
Duck  River  the  evening  of  November  28th,  and  Hood  fol 
lowed  next  day. 

J.  J.  Reynolds.  Kentucky,  was  in  command  of  the  De- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     239 

partinent  of  Arkansas,  November  29th  to  the  end  of  the 
War. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  kept  open  communication  by  the 
Cumberland  River  when  the  safety  of  Thomas,  during 
Hood's  advance,  depended  largely  on  his  prompt  receipt 
of  reinforcements  and  supplies. 

Combat  of  Spring  Hill,  Tenn.,  November  29th.  At  1 
o'clock  the  Federal  cavalry  reported  to  the  army  at  Duck 
River  that  Hood's  infantry,  it  was  believed,  would  begin 
crossing  Duck  River  at  daylight,  and  advised  retirement  to 
Franklin.  At  3 :30  Thomas,  at  Nashville,  sent  such  orders. 
Before  sunrise  Confederate  Cheatham's  corps  was  crossing, 
five  miles  east  of  Columbia.  Wood's  division  was  crossed  to 
the  north  side  to  support  the  cavalry  in  holding  the  fords 
above.  Two  divisions  were  sent  toward  Spring  Hill,  while 
the  trains  and  spare  artillery  were  sent  back,  covered  by 
them.  Hood  was  crossing  Duck  River  during  the  early 
hours.  One  of  Wood's  brigades,  sent  east  for  observation, 
reported  the  crossing  of  Duck  River  by  the  Confederates. 
The  division  which  Newton  had  commanded  till  shortly  be 
fore  this  went  on  to  Spring  Hill.  One  brigade  was  de 
ployed  and  drove  back  the  Confederate  cavalry.  Another 
was  posted  on  a  wooded  knoll  nearly  a  mile  to  the  east.  A 
heavy  infantry  force  attacked  this  brigade.  Hood  had 
now  passed  the  army's  left  flank,  and  the  division  con 
fronted  was  twelve  miles  from  the  main  army.  The  Con 
federates  were  in  force.  Confederate  cavalry  struck  a 
train  at  Thompson's  Station  —  three  miles  north.  The 
third  attack  upon  the  brigade  to  the  east  succeeded.  Its 
right  flank  was  overlapped.  It  rallied  and  reformed  at 
Spring  Hill.  The  Confederates  came  on  and  were  can 
nonaded.  Although  Confederate  cavalry  were  on  the 
main  road  to  Franklin,  both  north  and  south  of  Spring 
Hill,  and  infantry  were  in  force  menacing  a  long  stretch 
of  the  road,  Hood's  infantry  failed  to  occupy  the  road, 
and  the  Federal  army  passed  by,  retiring  north.  Confed- 


240      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

crates  feinted  during  the  day  at  efforts  to  lay  a  pontoon 
bridge  and  force  a  crossing  at  Columbia.  The  nearest  aid 
to  the  Federal  division  at  Spring  Hill  was  seven  miles 
south  —  at  Rutherford  Creek.  All  the  other  Federal 
troops  were  still  at  Duck  River.  Whittaker's  brigade  and 
other  troops  arrived  about  7  P.  M.  Whittaker  was  placed 
to  cover  a  cross-road  a  mile  or  two  below  Spring  Hill. 
He  assisted  in  holding  the  turnpike  against  Hood's 
advance.  The  28th  Kentucky  regiment  of  Whittaker's 
brigade  did  special  service  in  helping  to  keep  Hood's  ad 
vance  from  the  turnpike.  At  11  p.  M.  Thomas  tele 
graphed  to  Franklin  for  the  withdrawal  of  the  army  at 
once  should  the  Confederates  attempt  to  get  on  the  flank 
with  infantry. 

The  army  all  night  long  was  marching  past  Spring  Hill 
and  Hood's  army  on  a  parallel  road  near  by.  Croxton, 
Kentucky,  with  cavalry,  covered  the  retirement  with  skill 
on  the  30th.  Forrest's  cavalry  surrounded  and  made  fre 
quent  dashes  upon  the  rear  infantry  brigade  unsuccess 
fully.  Wood's  division  protected  the  train  at  Thompson's 
Station  in  an  extremity  from  a  cavalry  attack.  It  had 
been  deployed  on  the  east  of  the  road  at  3  A.  M.  Whit- 
taker  had  been  posted  where  the  Confederate  line  was  near 
est  to  cover  the  passing  of  troops  still  in  the  rear. 

Battle  of  F'ranklin,  Tenn.,  November  30th.  By  noon 
the  army,  except  the  rear-guard,  had  reached  Franklin. 
Croxton's  cavalry  were  pushed  back  by  infantry  on  the 
Lewisburg  pike.  He  resisted  until  2  p.  M.,  then  moved 
to  his  left  and  crossed  the  Harpeth  River  to  resist  For 
rest,  who  was  striking  for  the  rear  of  the  army.  At  4  p.  M. 
Hood's  grand  attack  was  made.  Two  brigades  remained 
between  Hood  and  the  Federal  main  line,  about  half  a 
mile  from  the  latter.  Before  this  great  force  they  were 
routed,  and  the  Confederates  rushing  after  them  entered 
the  broken  lines  in  the  Federal  center.  Two  captured  bat 
teries  were  used  to  enfilade  the  Federal  line,  and  the  Con 
federates  began  to  gain  ground  right  and  left.  A  brigade 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

and  the  12th  and  16th  Kentucky  regiments,  who  had 
sprung  forward,  by  the  fiercest  hand-to-hand  fighting  re 
gained  the  works,  an  achievement  of  special  note.  Some 
other  troops  turned  and  helped.  The  attack  here  of  the 
Confederates  was  finally  repulsed.  The  command  of  the 
4th  corps  devolved  on  Thos.  J.  Wood,  Kentucky.  He 
was  the  ranking  officer  south  of  the  river  at  the  time,  and 
commanded  with  decided  ability.  Eight  guns  were  re 
captured.  Stewart  reached  the  works  near  the  Federal 
left.  Simultaneously  with  Hood's  infantry  assault,  his 
cavalry  advanced.  Forrest,  north  of  the  river,  was  held  in 
check.  Croxton  helped  oppose  Chalmers'  cavalry,  while 
T.  J.  Harrison,  Kentucky,  looked  to  the  left  and  rear. 
Chalmers  was  forced  back  across  the  river.  Hood  at 
tacked  the  right  of  the  Federal  line  again  and  again  un 
successfully.  The  44th  Missouri  regiment,  to  the  right  of 
the  first  break,  had  the  greatest  loss.  Whittaker  was  on 
the  right,  and  was  engaged.  Hood  made  attack  after  at 
tack  till  after  night.  Forrest  was  held  in  check  during  the 
day  and  night.  Hood's  assault  had  mostly  failed,  but  the 
Federal  army  fell  back  during  the  night  toward  Nashville. 
Thos.  J.  Henderson,  Tennessee,  fought  bravely  and  well. 
Jas.  I.  Gilbert,  Kentucky,  showed  bravery. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  was  asked  by  Thomas  November 
30th  to  patrol  the  Cumberland  River.  He  had  vessels 
move  up  the  Cumberland  to  Thomas'  support.  The  flag 
ship  was  stopped  at  Clarksville  by  low  water.  He  kept 
open  army  communications.  He  also  vigilantly  guarded 
the  lower  Mississippi  against  the  intervention  of  trans- 
Mississippi  forces. 

Combat  of  Honey  Hill  or  Grahamsville,  S.  C.,  November 
30th.  The  Confederates  checked  and  worsted  the  Feder 
als,  who  retired  during  the  night  toward  the  gunboats. 
The  Federals  had  been  sent  from  the  sea-coast  to  obtain  a 
foothold  for  the  army  marching  to  the  sea,  and  to  cut 
off  Confederate  reinforcements  from  Savannah.  E.  O. 
Matthews,  Maryland,  commanded  naval  light  artillery  at 


242      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Honey  Hill.  A.  F.  Crosman,  Missouri,  naval  officer,  was 
engaged.  G.  W.  Smith's  Confederate  command  reached 
Savannah  at  2  A.  M.  the  30th. 

December  1st,  Wood  acted  as  rear-guard.  The  army 
reached  the  Nashville  works  that  day.  Jos.  A.  Cooper's 
brigade  came  in  after  a  narrow  escape.  Troops  from  Mis 
souri,  except  two  or  more  regiments  engaged  at  Franklin, 
were  just  arriving.  Thomas  did  not  have  an  army  at 
Nashville  until  December  1st.  He  had  been  concentrating 
other  troops  upon  Nashville.  The  men  were  from  many 
commands  and  not  coordinated.  Wood  was  in  command 
of  the  4th  corps  in  the  later  operations  around  Nashville. 
Hood  appeared  before  Nashville  the  2d  and  took  position. 

Combat  of  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  December  5th.  L.  H. 
Rousseau,  Kentucky,  repelled  Forrest's  cavalry  and  Bate's 
division  of  infantry.  The  Confederates  lost  sensibly. 

Combat  of  Deveaux's  Neck,  S.  C.,  December  6th  to 
9th.  Crosman  was  engaged. 

December  9th  the  Federal  army  was  close  against  the  Sa 
vannah  fortifications. 

Under  full  instructions  from  Thomas,  the  force  directed 
against  Breckenridge  advanced  December  9th,  and  pushed 
him  back  into  Virginia.  H.  G.  Gibson,  Maryland,  was 
engaged  under  Ammen  covering  the  movement  into  south 
west  Virginia. 

Gillem,  Tennessee,  was  engaged  in  an  action  near  Wythe- 
ville  December  10th.  About  4,000  cavalry  entered  south 
west  Virginia  through  east  Tennessee.  The  Federals  oc 
cupied  Bristol  and  Abingdon,  Va.,  and  advanced  upon 
Wytheville,  where  lead  mines  were. 

Fort  McAllister,  near  Savannah,  Ga.,  was  captured  by 
the  Federals  December  13th.  They  then  occupied  Hutch- 
inson's  Island,  crossed  the  Savannah  River  below  Savan 
nah,  and  established  works  on  the  South  Carolina  shore,  al 
most  within  range  of  the  Confederate  line  of  retreat. 

At  Kingston  December  13th  Gillem  badly  defeated  a 
Confederate  force. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     243 

Battle  of  Nashville,  Term.,  December  15th  and  16th, 
1864.  Thomas'  battle  plan  was  for  a  force  on  the  ex 
treme  left  to  threaten  the  Confederate  right  early  that 
morning,  and  for  the  entire  right  wing  to  make  a  grand 
left  wheel,  assaulting,  and,  if  possible,  overlapping  Hood's 
left.  Wood,  Kentucky,  with  the  4th  corps,  was  to  form 
the  pivot  and  threaten,  if  not  attack,  Montgomery  Hill,  a 
prominence  in  advance  of  the  Confederate  main  line.  The 
23d  corps  was  to  be  in  reserve  near  the  left  center.  Jas. 
L.  Donaldson,  Maryland,  had  organized  quartermaster  and 
commissary  forces  as  soldiers,  and  commanded  a  division 
embracing  them.  The  army  moved  before  daylight.  The 
force  on  the  left  kept  Cheatham  on  the  Confederate  right 
employed.  S.  D.  Lee  was  held  in  position  by  Wood's 
menace,  except  two  brigades  sent  to  the  Confederate  left. 
Thomas'  cavalry  worked  around  Hood's  left,  the  infantry 
right  wing  joining  its  left.  The  Confederate  skirmishers 
fell  back  before  the  advance  of  the  right  wing  and  Wood. 
Thomas  approved  Wood's  plan  of  attack.  About  1  p.  M. 
the  4th  corps,  under  Wood,  assaulted  Montgomery  Hill. 
It  carried  the  work,  taking  some  prisoners.  The  position 
was  strong  and  was  important  to  Hood's  line.  The  ascent 
in  front  was  abrupt.  Wood's  troops  attacked  principally 
by  the  left,  and  gained  the  top.  Wood  handled  his  men 
in  handsome  style.  The  whole  line  swept  forward  there, 
and  many  prisoners  were  taken.  A  work  on  Hood's  ex 
treme  left  was  taken,  and  the  Confederate  line  in  that  quar 
ter  gave  way.  Thomas'  reserves  were  sent  to  prolong  the 
infantry  right  and  enable  the  cavalry  to  work  around  the 
Confederate  rear.  The  brigade  of  Jos.  A.  Cooper,  Ken 
tucky,  then  lost  more  than  the  losses  of  the  rest  of  the 
23d  corps  during  the  two-days'  battle  when,  on  the  right, 
he  made  a  charge  and  met  a  force  intended  for  a  counter 
blow.  Thomas'  cavalry,  making  a  wide  detour,  beyond 
Hood's  left,  dismounted  and  advanced  upon  his  flank  and 
full  in  the  rear,  capturing  works  and  guns.  At  this,  ac 
cording  to  plan,  Thomas'  infantry  lines  assaulted.  Hood's 


244      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

left  was  driven,  losing  17  guns- — his  center  still  held.  It 
was  shelling.  Wood,  ordered  to  assault,  battled  with  his 
whole  corps.  His  guns  converged  their  fire  on  a  fortified 
hill  near  Hood's  center.  Then  one  of  his  divisions 
charged,  carried  the  intrenchments  and  took  the  hill,  cap 
turing  guns  and  prisoners.  On  the  left  also  Thomas 
gained  ground.  Hood's  whole  center  and  left  were  forced 
to  abandon  their  works.  They  fell  back  to  the  Granny 
White  pike.  Hood's  left  was  forced  back  several  miles  to 
a  new  position  at  the  foot  of  the  Harpeth  Hills.  The  re 
treating  line  was  followed  by  Wood's  entire  corps,  by  the 
right  wing  and  by  the  cavalry.  Croxton,  Kentucky,  cov 
ered  and  relieved  the  Federal  right  and  rear.  The  at 
tack  upon  Hood's  right  had  led  him  to  draw  troops  from 
his  center  and  left.  Night  soon  fell.  Bate  had  come  from 
Hood's  right  when  the  redoubts  were  assaulted  at  Hood's 
left,  and  at  dusk  Cheatham's  corps  was  moved  from  Hood's 
right  to  his  left,  and  a  line  was  taken  for  the  army  some 
two  miles  in  rear  of  the  morning  position.  It  was  a 
stronger  position.  Thomas  took  17  guns  and  1,200  men 
during  the  day.  During  the  night  Hood  worked  to  estab 
lish  his  new  lines. 

Thomas  and  S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  were  actively  co 
operating,  and  the  river  was  so  effectively  patrolled  above 
and  below  the  city,  under  Lee's  directions,  by  gunboats  that 
crossing  was  impossible.  R.  W.  Johnson's  cavalry,  with 
the  cooperation  of  Lee's  gunboats,  drove  Confederates 
from  their  established  batteries  on  the  Cumberland  River 
below  Nashville.  Johnson's  valor  was  exhibited. 

Nashville,  December  16th.  The  day  opened  with  an 
advance  by  Wood  as  he  moved  forward  at  early  dawn, 
driving  skirmishers,  until  he  confronted  Hood's  new  line  of 
defenses  on  Overton's  hill.  At  one  point  his  corps  came 
near  the  salient  at  Overton's  hill.  The  other  corps  took 
position  on  his  left  and  right.  At  noon,  attack  was  fully 
developed  upon  this  and  adjacent  elevations.  Hood's  left 
was  turned  again,  Thomas'  cavalry  passing  beyond  it,  gain- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     245 

ing  the  rear  and  securing  a  lodgment  on  the  Granny  White 
pike.  Wood  permitted  a  brigade  with  supports  to  charge 
Overton's  hill.  They  failed  with  much  loss.  Hood  had 
sent  a  division  from  his  left  to  withstand  attacks  here. 
The  cavalry,  having  reached  Hood's  rear,  were  moving 
north  to  the  rear  of  his  left  flank.  They  reached  it,  got 
two  guns  in  position,  shelled  Bate,  and  charged  against 
him  just  as  Thomas'  infantry  in  front  were  climbing  the 
hill.  The  picture  is  that  of  the  dismounted  cavalry  com 
ing  up  in  the  rear  of  Hood's  left  flank,  while  the  infantry 
charges  from  its  front  and  west  side,  and  the  position  is 
carried,  with  27  pieces  of  artillery.  After  the  cavalry 
had  gained  Hood's  left  and  rear,  they  captured  a  dispatch 
from  him  ordering  Chalmers  to  drive  them  thence  or  all 
was  lost.  Between  3 :30  and  4  p.  M.,  when  cavalry  and 
artillery  were  at  work  on  the  rear  of  Hood's  left  flank, 
Thomas  ordered  the  infantry  advance.  The  men  ran 
from  the  cavalry  down  the  hill  to  the  right  and  rear. 
There  was  a  general  charge.  After  the  works  had  been 
taken  to  Wood's  right,  he  and  the  left  wing  renewed  the 
assault  on  Overton's  hill  and  swept  all  before  them.  The 
Confederates  broke  all  along  and  fled  in  disorder.  Eight 
more  guns  were  captured.  Wm.  R.  Marshall,  Missouri, 
led  his  brigade  in  a  charge  on  the  Confederate  works,  and, 
on  horseback,  was  among  the  first  over  the  breastworks  and 
among  the  gunners,  capturing  the  Pointe  Coupee  battery 
of  four  brass  pieces  on  the  Hillsboro  pike,  and  pursuing 
the  Confederates  a  half  mile.  Croxton,  in  reserve  when 
the  Confederates  broke,  was  ordered  to  mount  and  push 
without  delay  through  Brentwood.  He  encountered 
Hood's  cavalry,  which  delayed  the  Federals  until  infantry 
passed  and  a  rear-guard  wras  in  place.  Hood  partly  re 
formed  at  Brentwood.  Johnson  was  ordered  to  move  rap 
idly  by  the  Hillsboro  pike,  and,  after  crossing  the  Harpeth 
River,  to  turn  up  its  south  bank  and  fall  upon  the  Con 
federates  at  or  near  Franklin.  At  Nashville,  a  Kentucky 
and  a  Tennessee  regiment  each  captured  four  guns. 


246      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

In  the  Nashville  battles,  Kenner  Garrard,  Kentucky, 
commanding  a  division,  was  conspicuous  and  efficient. 
Among  those  engaged  were  Whittaker,  Jas.  I.  Gilbert,  T. 
J.  Harrison,  and  Durbin  Ward,  all  of  Kentucky. 

This  was  the  decisive  battle  of  the  War.  Estimated  by 
it  Thomas  shows  well  among  the  world's  captains.  Col 
lecting  and  organizing  a  sufficient  cavalry  in  advance  of 
the  battle,  and  tasking  every  usable  force  in  a  way  to  gain 
the  greatest  combined  weight  were  heavy  labors.  This 
victory  put  the  Federal  administration  at  ease  in  regard 
to  the  place  —  around  Savannah,  Ga., —  where  the  great 
army  was  at  this  juncture. 

Action  at  Marion,  Va.,  December  16th.  Gillem,  Tennes 
see,  routed  Vaughn  and  pursued  to  Wytheville,  destroying 
the  lead  mines  there. 

Thomas  began  pursuit  of  Hood  December  17th.  Wood 
was  the  leading  infantry  in  the  pursuit,  using  his  artillery. 
In  Hood's  retreat  from  Tennessee,  Wood  handled  his 
troops  with  ability.  Late  in  the  evening,  Hood's  rear 
guard  made  a  stand  a  mile  north  of  the  West  Harpeth 
River,  and  was  driven.  Johnson's  division  struck  the  Con 
federates  at  Franklin,  and  they  left  1,800  wounded  and 
#00  Federal  wounded  to  fall  into  Thomas'  hands.  Thomas 
requested  S.  P.  Lee  to  send  gunboats  up  the  Tennessee 
River  to  head  off  Hood.  The  operations  of  the  squadron  on 
the  Tennessee  prevented  Hood  on  his  retreat  from  crossing 
up  to  the  head  of  navigation.  December  18th  Thomas 
ordered  troops  to  Decatur  to  push  Hood  from  that  direc 
tion,  threatening  his  communications  from  west  of  Flor 
ence. 

Thomas  organized  various  raiding  expeditions,  and  sent 
troops  to  other  departments,  December,  1864,  to  May, 
1865,  which  materially  contributed  to  the  final  overthrow 
of  the  Confederates. 

Action  of  Marion,  Va.,  December  18th.  Breckenridge 
held  his  position  with  about  one  thousand  men  during  the 
day.  During  the  day  the  Federals  detached  a  force  which 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     247 

destroyed  the  salt  works  at  Saltville.  A  Tennessee  regi 
ment  did  the  work.  The  Federals  then  withdrew.  Much 
war  material  was  captured  and  much  property  destroyed 
by  Thomas'  expedition  into  Virginia. 

In  the  pursuit  of  Hood,  R.  W.  Johnson  and  Croxton 
tried  to  reach  around  the  Confederate  rear-guard  and 
strike  a  column  at  Spring  Hill,  but  were  stopped  by  Ruth 
erford  Creek  being  up.  All  the  Federal  cavalry  were 
delayed  at  Rutherford  Creek  and  then  at  Duck  River  by 
a  flood. 

Rousseau,  with  8,000  men,  defended  Fort  Rosecrans 
during  the  Nashville  campaign. 

Savannah  was  evacuated  by  the  Confederates  December 
20th.  Hoke's  division  left  Lee  for  Wilmington,  N.  C., 
December  20th.  The  Federal  squadron  arrived  in  sight 
of  Fort  Fisher,  protecting  Wilmington,  December  20th. 

December  21st  Farragut,  Tennessee,  was  made  Vice-Ad- 
miral. 

The  Federals  entered  Savannah  December  21st.  In  the 
March  to  the  Sea  Blair,  Kentucky,  commanded  the  17th 
corps.  W.  T.  Ward,  Virginia,  commanded  a  division. 
After  the  capture  of  Savannah,  6,000  men  were  sent  from 
Lee  to  Hardee.  Jas.  A.  Williamson,  Kentucky,  was  in 
command  of  the  district  of  Missouri,  at  St.  Louis,  after 
the  occupation  of  Savannah. 

Powder  on  the  old  gunboat  Louisiana  was  exploded  near 
Fort  Fisher  the  night  of  December  23d,  intended  to  dam 
age  the  Fort. 

At  Buford's  Station,  while  Hood's  rear-guard  and  For 
rest  were  confronted  and  engaged  on  the  turnpike,  Crox 
ton,  Kentucky,  struck  the  flank,  causing  it  to  retreat 
rapidly,  and  capturing  a  number  of  prisoners.  The  pur 
suit  of  Hood  was  resumed  south  of  Duck  River  the  24th. 
The  gunboats  under  Lee  had  reached  Chickasaw,  Miss., 
December  24th,  and  soon  after  captured  two  guns  from  a 
battery  at  Florence. 


CHAPTER  IX 

FORT  FISHER  —  DABNEY'S  MILLS  —  BULL'S  BAY  EXPEDI 
TION  AVERYSBORO  BENTONVILLE  FORT  STEDMAN  

FIVE  FORKS  —  PETERSBURG  —  SELMA  —  SAILOR'S  CREEK  — 
FARMVILLE  —  MOBILE  —  APPOMATTOX  —  CAPITULATIONS  OF 
THE  CONFEDERATE  ARMIES  AND  FLEETS. 

BATTLE  of  Fort  Fisher,  December  24th  and  25th,  1864. 
The  navy  had  convoyed  troops  to  Fort  Fisher.  The  ves 
sels  were  more  than  seventy  in  number.  They  bombarded 
on  the  24th.  The  bombardment  was  continued  on  the 
25th,  and  a  brigade  was  pushed  forward  to  within  a  few 
hundred  yards  of  the  Fort.  Smaller  vessels  covered  the 
disembarkment  of  the  troops.  Some  important  guns  on 
the  Fort  were  destroyed.  At  Fort  Fisher  Wm.  Radford, 
Virginia,  commanded  the  New  Ironsides  and  the  iron-clad 
division  of  the  squadron.  He  led  the  way.  A.  W.  Wea 
ver,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the  Chippewa; 
Bache,  Powhaian;  J.  M.  Frailey,  Maryland,  Tuscarora; 
F.  M.  Ramsay,  District  of  Columbia,  Unadilla;  D.  B. 
Ridgely,  Kentucky,  SJienandodh;  Jas.  H.  Spotts,  North 
Carolina,  PawtucJcet;  B.  F.  Sands,  Maryland,  Fort  Jack 
son;  Chas.  Steedman,  South  Carolina,  Ticonderoga,  and 
John  H.  Upshur,  Virginia,  A.  D.  Vance.  The  losco  under 
John  Guest,  Missouri,  was  effective.  A.  R.  McNair, 
Louisiana,  was  engaged. 

December  25th  Forrest  drove  back  T.  J.  Harrison's 
skirmishers  and  captured  a  gun.  Croxton  and  others  fell 
upon  his  flank  and  drove  him  from  the  field. 

Stono  River,  December  25th.  G.  B.  Balch,  Tennessee, 
in  the  Pan-nee,  was  victorious. 

Hood  reached  the  Tennessee  River  December  25th. 

248 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     249 

After  he  crossed  the  Federal  cavalry  started  from  Decatur, 
Ala.,  and  overtook  him,  destroying  his  pontoon  train  and 
all  of  his  wagons,  and  capturing  several  hundred  pris 
oners. 

French  was  in  garrison  at  Fort  McHenry,  December 
27th,  1864,  to  January  5th,  1865. 

The  force  from  Thomas'  army  reached  Decatur  De 
cember  28th.  Thomas'  pursuit  was  suspended  at  Lexing 
ton,  Ala.,  the  same  day. 

Canby,  Kentucky,  prevented  the  armies  west  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  River  from  crossing,  as  ordered,  to  aid  Johnston, 
and  then  Hood  in  the  Nashville  campaign.  He  did  this  by 
holding  the  best  crossings  with  strong  detachments,  and 
keeping  a  floating  army,  in  conjunction  with  the  gunboat 
fleet,  in  constant  motion  up  and  down  the  Mississippi. 

Canby  sent  Davidson,  Virginia,  in  an  expedition  to  Jack 
son,  Miss.,  in  December. 

E.  O.  Matthews,  Maryland,  naval  officer,  was  in  engage 
ments  at  Tulifinny  Cross  Roads  in  December. 

In  the  Federal  armies  before  Petersburg  and  Richmond 
up  to  December  31st  Ord  commanded  a  corps  and  Getty, 
Thos.  M.  Harris,  Virginia,  and  Wm.  Birney  commanded 
divisions.  Others  participating  in  the  operations  were  A. 
W.  Denison,  Maryland;  H.  A.  Morrow,  Virginia;  Henry; 
Hawley ;  Milton  Wells,  Virginia,  commanding  a  West  Vir 
ginia  brigade;  W.  B.  Curtis,  Maryland,  and  Andrew  W. 
Evans,  Maryland.  Tompkins  and  Tidball  commanded  re 
spectively  the  artillery  brigades  of  the  6th  and  9th  corps. 

Thomas'  23d  corps,  starting  January  2d,  went  to  Wash 
ington.  Later,  it  was  sent  against  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

Montgomery  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  was  at  Savannah,  Jan 
uary  5th  to  29th,  supplying  and  refitting  the  army  there. 
It  started  north  from  Savannah  January  6th,  1865. 

January  6th,  1865,  vessels  sailed  from  Fortress  Monroe, 
Va.,  for  Fort  Fisher,  with  9,000  troops.  They  arrived  off 
Beaufort  January  8th. 

Ord,  Maryland,  was  in  command  of  the  Army  of  the 


250      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

James  and  Department  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina, 
January  8th,  1865,  to  February  6th,  and  of  the  Army  of 
the  James  and  Department  of  Virginia  thenceforward  to 
the  end  of  the  War,  being  engaged  in  the  various  opera 
tions  around  Petersburg,  occupation  of  Richmond,  and 
pursuit  of  Lee  to  Appomattox.  He  also  commanded  the 
24th  corps  in  the  closing  engagements. 

Hood's  army  went  into  camp  at  Tupelo  January  10th, 
1865. 

Battle  of  Fort  Fisher,  January  13th  to  15th,  1865. 
Attacking  Fort  Fisher  was  the  most  formidable  armada 
ever  assembled,  about  70  vessels,  and  about  9,000  soldiers. 
The  iron-clads  under  Radford,  Virginia,  were  sent  in  to 
engage  the  Fort  January  13th.  They  took  the  Fort's 
fire  and  fired  back.  The  rest  of  the  fleet  was  occupied  that 
day  till  2  p.  M.  landing  troops  and  stores.  Upshur,  Vir 
ginia,  of  the  gunboat  A.  D.  Vance,  was  charged  with  the 
duty  of  landing  troops  and  stores,  provisioning  the  army 
and  protecting  its  flank  with  the  lighter  gunboats.  In 
the  afternoon  the  fleet  opened  a  terrific  fire.  Iron-clads 
kept  up  a  slow  fire  through  the  night. 

Fort  Fisher,  January  14th.  The  bombardment  con 
tinued  through  the  day  and  night,  badly  damaging  the  guns 
of  the  Fort.  The  army  was  approaching  on  the  river 
side,  partly  covered  by  the  formation  of  the  land. 

Fort  Fisher,  Grand  Bombardment  and  Assault,  January 
15th.  The  assault  by  sailors,  on  the  northeast  face,  failed. 
Wm.  Radford,  Virginia,  commanded  the  iron-clad  division 
and  the  New  Ironsides.  She  used  her  11-inch  guns  with 
great  effect  in  firing  into  the  traverses  filled  with  Confed 
erates  who  were  resisting  the  advance  of  the  Federal  sol 
diers  after  the  sailors'  assault  had  failed.  This  confused 
the  Confederates.  The  traverses  were  cleaned  out.  Rad 
ford  showed  high  ability  in  fighting,  maneuvering  his  vessel 
and  taking  care  of  his  division.  His  vessel  did  more  exe 
cution  than  any  other.  The  bombardment  was  unprece 
dented.  Before  noon  but  one  heavy  gun  remained 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     251 

serviceable  in  Fort  Fisher  on  the  land  face.  Sailors  and 
marines  approached  on  the  ocean  side  while  the  army 
worked  nearer  on  the  land  side.  The  marine  attack  was 
repulsed.  G.  M.  Bache,  Powhatan,  commanded  the  right 
wing  in  the  sailors'  assault  on  the  sea-face  of  the  works. 
He  was  severely  wounded.  The  army  got  within  the  Fort 
from  the  land  side,  and  the  fighting  continued  until  after 
night  fell,  when  the  garrison  was  withdrawn  to  Fort 
Buchanan.  The  fleet  had  well  aided  the  land  forces,  who 
had  gained  a  lodgment  in  the  work.  The  Confederate 
vessels  had  spiked  the  guns,  and  taken  the  means  of  trans 
port,  and  Lamb's  soldiers,  over  2,000,  had  to  surrender, 
with  169  guns.  Wilmington  was  the  only  open  blockade- 
running  port  in  the  hands  of  the  Confederates  toward  the 
close  of  the  War. 

At  Fort  Fisher  Weaver,  District  of  Columbia,  com 
manded  the  iron-clad  Mahopac;  D.  B.  Ridgely,  Kentucky, 
commanded  Shenandoak;  Steedman,  Ticonderoga;  J.  M. 
Frailey,  Maryland,  Tuscarora;  Upshur,  Virginia,  A.  D. 
Vance  and  reserve  division;  F.  M.  Ramsay,  District  of 
Columbia,  Unadilla;  John  Guest,  Missouri,  losco;  J.  H. 
Spotts,  North  Carolina,  Pawtucket;  B.  F.  Sands,  Mary 
land,  Fort  Jackson.  A.  R.  McNair,  Louisiana,  was  en 
gaged. 

Pocotaligo  Bridge,  S.  C.,  was  taken  by  the  Federals 
January  15th.  Blair's  corps  was  taken  by  water  from 
Savannah  to  Pocotaligo,  whence  he  menaced  Charleston. 

The  night  of  January  16th— 17th  the  Confederates  blew 
up  Fort  Caswell,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cape  Fear  River, 
near  Wilmington. 

Operations  against  Mobile.  Canby,  Kentucky,  was  or 
dered  January  18th  to  move  against  Mobile.  The  16th 
corps  was  detached  from  Thomas'  headquarters.  The  bad 
condition  of  the  roads  had  stopped  his  pursuit  of  Hood 
at  Eastport,  Ala.,  in  January. 

The  defenses  on  the  west  being  strong,  Canby  deter 
mined  to  approach  Mobile  on  the  east,  where  he  would 


252      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

have  the  full  benefit  of  the  cooperation  of  the  navy.  The 
principal  works  were  Spanish  Fort,  commanding  the  mouth, 
and  Blakely,  commanding  the  head  of  the  Appalachee. 
The  movement  was  in  two  columns  —  one  from  Dauphin 
Island  under  Canby  in  person,  and  the  other  from  Pensa- 
cola.  There  were  about  32,000  men  with  Canby,  and 
about  13,000  in  the  other  column.  Wm.  P.  Benton,  Mary 
land,  commanded  a  division  in  the  campaign. 

In  the  Nashville  campaign,  from  September  7th,  1864, 
to  January  20th,  1865,  Thomas  captured  11,857  men, 
and  1,332  were  exchanged,  and  took  72  guns  and  3,079 
small  arms.  He  received  the  oath  of  submission  of  2,207 
deserters. 

Seven  brigades  of  Hood's  army  and  some  artillery  were 
sent  to  Mobile.  5,000  of  the  soldiers  joined  Johnston 
in  North  Carolina.  About  9,000  are  said  to  have  left  the 
ranks  between  Tupelo  and  North  Carolina.  Forrest's  cav 
alry  went  to  Mississippi. 

January  22d  the  Confederates  sent  a  party  down  the 
James  River  to  examine  the  river  obstructions.  January 
23d  the  Confederate  fleet  proceeded  down  the  river  to 
Trent's  Reach.  The  Frederick sburg  passed  the  obstruc 
tions,  but  the  Virginia  and  Richmond  ran  aground.  They 
were  discovered  at  daybreak,  and  the  Federal  Battery,  Fort 
Parsons,  opened  on  them.  The  Onandaga,  which  on  the 
approach  of  the  Confederate  vessels  had  retired  down 
the  river,  now  returned  and  joined  in  the  attack.  With 
the  flood-tide  the  Virginia  and  Richmond  were  floated  off, 
and  withdrew  up  the  river.  Confederate  gunboat  Drewry, 
and  a  torpedo  launch,  were  destroyed.  The  armor  of  the 
Virginia  was  penetrated.  That  night  the  Confederate 
fleet  came  down  again,  but  retired  after  hot  firing  from  the 
batteries  on  the  banks.  They  started  down  at  6  P.  M. 
The  Frederick  sburg  passed  obstructions  at  1 :15  A.  M. 
She  returned  and  anchored  above  the  Virginia.  The  land 
batteries  began  firing  before  day.  On  the  second  trip  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     253 

exhaust  pipe  of  the  Virginia  and  smoke-stack  were  found 
so  riddled  as  to  fill  the  gundeck  with  smoke  and  steam, 
which  was  the  cause  of  the  Confederates  returning.  The 
pilots  of  the  Virginia  were  blamed. 

H.  G.  Gibson  was  in  command  of  Knoxville  and  a  bri 
gade  from  January  28th,  1865,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 

January  28th,  1865,  the  vessel  of  Wm.  Radford,  Vir 
ginia,  did  more  execution  than  any  other  vessel  in  the  fleet. 

Pope  was  in  command  of  the  Military  Division  of  the 
Missouri  from  January  30th,  1865,  to  the  end. 

The  Federal  army  started  on  the  march  through  the 
Carolinas  February  1st. 

From  February,  1865,  to  the  close,  Benj.  F.  Sands, 
Maryland,  commanded  the  division  blockading  the  Texas 
coast. 

Lee  was  made  commander-in-chief  of  the  Confederate 
forces  February  2d,  1865. 

Battle  of  Dabney's  Mills,  Hatcher's  Run,  Va.,  February 
5th  to  7th,  1865.  The  Federals  had  some  severe  fighting 
with  the  troops  of  A.  P.  Hill  and  Gordon,  extending  in- 
trenchments.  Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  was  gallant 
and  of  service.  He  was  severely  wounded  while  bearing 
colors  of  a  regiment  in  rallying  troops.  By  February  7th 
the  Federal  lines  were  extended  to  Hatcher's  Run. 

The  16th  corps  was  started  from  Eastport  February 
6th  against  Mobile. 

The  designation  of  the  Department  of  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina  was  changed  to  the  Department  of  Vir 
ginia  February  8th. 

The  23d  corps  arrived  at  Fort  Fisher  February  9th. 

February  9th,  Balch,  Tennessee,  with  the  Pawnee,  So 
noma  and  Daffodil,  ascended  Tagodo  Creek,  North  Edisto, 
S.  C.,  and  engaged  three  batteries  of  11  or  12  guns,  driving 
Confederates  from  their  earthworks.  The  Pawnee  was  hit 
ten  times,  Sonoma  twice  and  Daffodil  twice.  T.  S.  Fille- 
broun,  District  of  Columbia,  commanded  the  Sonoma. 


254      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

James  Island,  S.  C,  February  10th.  From  2,000  to 
3,000  of  the  Federal  right  column  effected  a  landing  on 
James  Island,  two  miles  from  Charleston. 

February  10th  Palmer,  Kentucky,  was  given  command 
of  the  Military  Department  of  Kentucky,  relieving  S.  G. 
Burbridge,  Kentucky. 

Bull's  Bay  Expedition,  February  llth.  Fabius  Stanly, 
North  Carolina,  commanded  the  naval  forces,  mounting  68 
guns  and  13  field-pieces.  Its  success  was  followed  by  the 
fall  of  Charleston.  Balch,  Ridgely,  Fillebroun,  A.  A. 
Semmes,  District  of  Columbia,  and  A.  W.  Johnson,  District 
of  Columbia,  were  in  it. 

Rousseau,  Kentucky,  was  given  command  of  the  District 
of  Middle  Tennessee,  headquarters  Nashville,  February 
12th. 

Lee  assumed  supreme  command  of  the  Confederate 
forces  February  17th. 

Columbia,  S.  C.,  was  captured  and  destroyed  the  night 
of  February  17th. 

Charleston,  S.  C.,  was  evacuated  February  17th.  Gus- 
tavus  H.  Scott,  Virginia,  took  part,  with  the  Canandaigua, 
in  the  reduction  of  Charleston.  He  was  senior  officer  at 
its  surrender.  Weaver  was  on  advanced  picket  at  Charles 
ton  when  it  was  entered  the  18th.  A.  A.  Semmes  was  en 
gaged  in  the  fall  of  Charleston.  Jos.  M.  Bradford, 
Tennessee,  was  concerned.  Wm.  K.  Mayo,  Virginia,  was 
present. 

Fort  Anderson,  Cape  Fear  River,  N.  C.,  was  attacked 
by  water  February  18th.  It  was  abandoned  the  19th. 
It  was  half  way  between  Fort  Fisher  and  Wilmington.  Ed 
ward  E.  Stone,  Georgia,  commanded  the  Monitor  Montauk, 
foremost  vessel  at  the  capture.  He  was  slightly  wounded. 
The  Montauk  bore  the  fire  some  hours.  The  squadron 
captured  Forts  Strong  and  Lee  near  Wilmington.  F.  M. 
Ramsay,  Unadilla,  and  Spotts,  Patvtucket,  were  in  several 
engagements  with  Fort  Anderson  and  other  forts  on  Cape 
Fear  River.  Wm.  C.  Wise,  Virginia,  commanded  the  flag- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     255 

ship  Malvern  in  attacks  on  Forts  Strong  and  Anderson, 
and  various  operations  on  the  Cape  Fear  River. 

The  Confederates  abandoned  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  Feb 
ruary  22d.  The  23d  corps  and  other  forces  occupied  it 
the  same  day.  Some  of  the  corps  were  sent  to  New  Bern, 
and  moved  thence  via  Kinston  to  Goldsboro  to  open  the 
railway.  The  main  forces  moved  directly  on  Goldsboro. 
Communication  with  the  army  marching  up  from  Savan 
nah  was  instituted  via  river  from  Wilmington  to  Fayette- 
ville  about  the  23d. 

February  23d  Thomas  arrived  at  Eastport  with  instruc 
tions  to  fit  out  an  expedition  of  5,000  or  6,000  cavalry 
to  demonstrate  upon  Tuscaloosa  and  Selma  in  favor  of 
Canby's  operations  against  Mobile  and  central  Alabama. 

February  25th  Johnston  succeeded  Beauregard  in  com 
mand  of  the  forces  in  North  Carolina. 

February  27th  Thomas  was  actuated  to  have  cavalry 
again  raid  into  Virginia,  and  destroy  the  railroad  as  far 
toward  Lynchburg  as  possible. 

Federal  cavalry  marched  south  in  the  Shenandoah  Val 
ley  February  27th  to  Staunton,  Va. 

T.  S.  Fillebroun,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  engage 
ment  with  batteries  in  Tagodo  River,  February,  1865. 

S.  S.  Carroll,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  temporary 
command  of  the  Department  of  West  Virginia,  February- 
March,  1865. 

Cornelius  K.  Stribling,  South  Carolina,  commanded  the 
Eastern  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron,  February,  1865,  to 
the  close  of  the  War. 

Combat  of  Waynesboro,  Va.,  March  2d,  1865.  Fed 
erals  overcame  Early  with  weak  resistance,  capturing  the 
supplies,  ammunition  and  a  great  part  of  the  force.  Geo. 
L.  Gillespie,  Tennessee,  was  among  those  engaged.  The 
Federals  proceeded  to  destroy  the  Virginia  Central  Rail 
road,  and  the  James  River  canal. 

Cheraw,  S.  C.,  March  3d.  F.  P.  Blair,  Kentucky,  cap 
tured  25  guns. 


256      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

John  Newton,  Virginia,  fought  an  action  at  National 
Bridge,  near  St.  Marks,  Fla.,  March  6th. 

Battle  of  Kinston,  N.  C.,  March  8th  to  10th,  1865. 
Jackson's  Mills,  Wilcox's  Bridge,  Wise's  Fork.  Sam.  P. 
Carter,  Tennessee,  commanded  the  left  wing.  Hoke's  divi 
sion  was  engaged.  Bragg  fought  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Neuse  River,  8th  to  10th.  The  night  of  the  10th  he 
crossed  the  Neuse,  and  retired  toward  Goldsboro,  leaving  a 
detachment  at  Kinston. 

Federals  occupied  Fayetteville,  N.  C.,  March  llth,  and 
Kinston  March  14th. 

March  14th  Jenkins,  Virginia,  was  ordered  to  the  James 
River.  He  remained  there  until  after  Lee's  surrender. 

Geo.  L.  Gillespie,  Tennessee,  was  engaged  in  the  action 
at  Ashland,  Va.,  March  14th-15th,  1865. 

Combat  of  Averysboro,  N.  C.,  March  16th,  1865.  The 
division  of  W.  T.  Ward,  Virginia,  and  another  division 
of  the  20th  corps  were  deployed  in  front  of  the  Confeder 
ate  line.  Ward's  skirmishers  soon  developed  the  Confed 
erates.  He  was  engaged  in  the  general  battle.  A  brigade 
was  sent  to  the  left  and  got  in  the  rear  of  the  Confederate 
intrenchments.  The  Confederates  lost  a  battery  and  some 
men,  and  retreated  to  another  line  of  works  a  short  way 
back,  and  the  Federals  took  position  in  front  of  them. 
Ward  captured  three  guns  and  217  men.  Hardee  re 
treated  during  the  night.  Ward  pursued  him  through 
Averysboro.  Johnston  had  Hardee  fight  at  Averysboro  to 
gain  time  to  concentrate  his  army.  Johnston  was  uniting 
all  his  available  infantry  at  Smithfield,  and  Hardee's  re 
treat  was  toward  Raleigh  to  make  it  appear  that  the  way 
to  Goldsboro  was  clear. 

March  18th  Thomas'  cavalry  crossed  the  Tennessee 
River  near  Eastport,  and  started  toward  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 
The  force  was  largely  mounted  infantry. 

Battle  of  Bentonville,  N.  C.,  March  19th  to  21st,  1865. 
Hampton's  cavalry  moved  out  the  morning  of  the  18th 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     257 

to  meet  the  Federals.  He  skirmished  until  afternoon,  when 
he  was  pressed  back  to  the  crest  of  a  wooded  hill,  which 
overlooked  a  very  large  field,  which  he  favored  as  a  proper 
place  for  the  battle.  He  dismounted  his  men  and  held  the 
position  against  a  slight  attack. 

Hampton  moved  out  the  morning  of  the  19th,  and  again 
occupied  his  position  of  the  previous  evening,  while  the 
infantry  took  position,  then  he  fell  back.  The  Federals 
struck  Bragg's  left  vigorously.  Hardee  sent  one  division 
to  its  support,  and  his  other  to  the  extreme  right.  The 
attack  upon  Bragg  was  repulsed  with  heavy  loss,  and  an 
other  upon  Stewart.  The  Federal  left  wing  was  separated 
from  and  ahead  of  the  right  wing.  A  deserter  (a  Federal 
prisoner  induced  to  enlist  with  the  Confederates)  gave  in 
formation  that  Johnston  was  commanding  in  front,  intend 
ing  to  strike  this  wing  before  the  other  could  support  it. 
He  reported  a  very  large  force  immediately  in  front. 
Johnston  struck  Thomas'  old  corps,  the  14th,  which  fought 
with  determination.  It  was  badly  battered,  but  managed 
to  present  a  front.  Johnston  had  come  down  stealthily 
from  Smithfield.  A  mile  in  rear  the  14th  corps  rallied 
on  the  20th  in  a  dense  growth  of  young  pines.  Johnston 
continued  to  press  the  Federals  back,  except  on  the  Fed 
eral  right,  resting  on  a  swamp,  and  covered  by  intrench- 
ments.  Vandever,  Maryland,  was  bravely  engaged  on  the 
right,  which  held  fast.  About  the  time  Hardee's  corps 
arrived  in  the  morning,  a  heavy  attack  was  made  on  Hoke's 
division,  and  Bragg  applied  for  reinforcements.  Johnston 
complied.  This  prevented  the  full  weight  of  Hardee's 
corps  from  being  thrown  on  the  Federal  left  with  the  other 
troops.  The  Federal  assault  was  repelled  early  in  the 
forenoon  and  Johnston's  counter  attack  was  in  the  after 
noon.  A  messenger  with  the  tidings  of  Johnston's  pres 
ence  reached  the  separated  right  wing  about  sundown. 
About  6  P.  M.  the  Federals  made  an  aggressive  showing, 
but  with  little  effect.  They  were  able  to  hold  their  ground 


258      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

then  until  night.  The  Confederates  returned  to  their  first 
position  after  night  fell,  carrying  three  guns  and  the 
Federal  wounded. 

The  Federal  wings  were  in  touch  by  noon  20th  and  made 
repeated  attacks  during  the  day. 

Mobile  Campaign.  Canby's  easterly  column  left  Pensa- 
cola  March  20th.  It  feinted  toward  Montgomery,  moving 
to  Pollard,  then  turned  toward  Mobile. 

Thomas'  other  cavalry  expedition  left  Knoxville  about 
March  20th,  on  the  raid  toward  Lynchburg.  The  force 
was  the  division  of  A.  C.  Gillem,  Tennessee.  It  came  to 
Wilkesboro,  N.  C.  The  troops  were  about  10,000  in  num 
ber.  They  destroyed  the  Virginia  &  Tennessee  Railroad 
from  Wytheville  nearly  to  Lynchburg,  captured  more  than 
6,000  prisoners,  and  destroyed  many  stores. 

S.  P.  Carter,  Tennessee,  drove  out  the  Confederates  and 
occupied  Goldsboro,  N.  C.,  March  20th. 

Bentonville,  March  21st.  The  armies  from  Wilmington 
and  Savannah  were  virtually  united.  The  right  wing  was 
up.  The  day  was  spent  in  light  fighting.  There  was 
active  skirmishing  on  the  Confederate  left.  A  small  Con 
federate  force  was  hurried  to  meet  the  flanking  troops  and 
charged  successfully.  Johnston's  left  flank  was  endan 
gered,  threatening  his  retreat  by  bridge,  and  he  retreated 
during  the  night  toward  Raleigh.  The  Federals  pressed 
him  hard,  but  were  repulsed. 

From  Bentonville  the  22d  the  army  marched  to  Golds 
boro. 

In  the  Campaign  in  the  Carolinas  Blair  commanded  the 
17th  corps.  Force  and  Vandever  commanded  divisions. 
Theo.  Jones,  District  of  Columbia,  was  in  the  march.  In 
the  army  from  Wilmington  Carter  and  T.  J.  Henderson, 
Tennessee,  commanded  divisions  from  Beaufort.  Jos.  A. 
Cooper,  Kentucky,  commanded  a  division. 

Both  of  Thomas'  cavalry  expeditions  moved  March  22d. 
The  one  headed  on  Lynchburg  was  to  go  later  into  North 
Carolina. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     259 

Wood's  corps  was  ordered  by  Thomas  to  advance  from 
Huntsville  as  far  into  east  Tennessee  as  it  could  supply 
itself,  repairing  the  railroad,  and  form,  if  necessary,  a 
support  to  the  North  Carolina  cavalry  expedition,  which 
did  go  into  North  Carolina,  and  a  detachment  into  Vir 
ginia.  A  detachment  struck  Salem,  Va. 

M.  C.  Meigs,  Georgia,  was  at  Goldsboro  March  22d  to 
April  13th,  1865,  directing  the  opening  of  communica 
tions  for  supplying  the  armies  in  North  Carolina. 

Thomas'  Alabama  cavalry  expedition  moved  south. 
Forrest  was  150  miles  southwest  of  Eastport.  The  move 
ment  in  Alabama  was  under  Thomas'  direction.  John  T. 
Croxton  and  Eli  Long,  both  of  Kentucky,  commanded 
divisions.  A.  J.  Alexander,  Kentucky,  was  engaged. 
There  were  13,500  men.  This  was  a  unique  expedition  — 
in  some  measure  the  campaign  of  a  mounted  army.  It 
fought  in  the  field  and  against  fortified  places.  It  was  di 
rected  by  Thomas  up  to  Selma. 

The  North  Carolina  and  Lynchburg  expedition  was  ef 
fective.  It  swept  through  southwest  Virginia,  blocking 
Lee's  communications  with  that  region,  and  diminishing 
his  supplies,  and,  turning  into  North  Carolina,  it  captured 
the  military  prison  at  Salisbury,  and  interrupted  Lee's 
railroad  communications  through  that  fertile  region.  It 
was  a  factor  in  the  needy  condition  which  was  dictating 
the  abandonment  of  Richmond. 

The  Federal  cavalry  from  the  Valley  of  Virginia  had 
destroyed  the  Virginia  Central  Railroad  for  miles,  and  the 
James  River  canal.  It  arrived  at  White  House,  Va., 
March  19th.  It  moved  from  White  House  March  24th 
for  the  James.  During  this  move  Ord  sent  forces  to 
cover  the  crossings  of  the  Chickahominy. 

Battle  of  Fort  Stedman,  Va.,  March  25th,  1865.  About 
3  A.  M.  Fort  Stedman  was  aroused,  unusual  commotion  on 
the  Confederate  side  having  been  noticed.  The  Confed 
erates  advanced  to  surprise  the  Fort  in  the  darkness  of 
the  early  hours.  They  assaulted  the  line  in  front  of  the 


260      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

9th  corps.  The  attack  first  fell  on  Battery  X  and  the 
works  to  the  right.  Some  Confederates  were  captured 
there.  The  Confederates  attacked  the  rear  of  Fort  Sted- 
man,  having  entered  by  the  breach  of  Battery  X,  and  took 
possession  of  the  Fort.  They  took  a  part  of  the  line  to 
the  right  and  left,  established  themselves,  and  turned  the 
guns  of  Fort  Stedman  against  the  Federals.  Confederates 
passing  to  the  left  of  Fort  Stedman  marched  between  Fort 
Haskell  and  its  pickets.  They  were  seen  and  howitzers  were 
trained  on  them,  and  fired  on  the  head  of  the  Confederate 
column.  Confederates  attacked  Fort  Haskell  unsuccess 
fully.  Other  Confederates  from  Fort  Stedman  advanced 
along  the  trenches  to  the  right.  Some  of  the  3d  Maryland 
regiment  came  into  Fort  Haskell,  assisting  it.  The  Con 
federates  captured  concealed  batteries  XI  and  XII,  to  the 
left  of  Fort  Stedman.  The  Confederates  could  not  easily 
deploy  to  advance  upon  the  military  road  east,  because  of 
enfilading  fire  of  Battery  IX  and  Fort  Haskell.  The  tel 
egraph  line  to  City  Point  was  cut  early.  Some  of  the 
Confederates,  accordingly,  reached  the  military  road.  The 
field  artillery,  directed  by  John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  com 
manding  the  artillery  brigade  of  the  9th  corps,  took  po 
sition  on  the  hills  in  rear  of  Fort  Stedman,  and  opened 
on  the  captured  works  and  space  around.  He  gathered 
a  large  number  of  pieces  of  artillery,  and  so  planted  them, 
in  rear  of  the  captured  works,  as  to  sweep  the  space  be 
tween  the  lines.  The  guns  drove  the  Confederates  to  bomb- 
proofs,  materially  interfering  with  the  deployment  of  a 
line  of  battle.  Tidball  was  courageous  and  serviceable. 
Federal  reserves  were  brought  up.  The  Federal  line  was 
formed  in  a  semi-circle.  At  7 :30  an  advance  on  the  Fort 
Stedman  line  was  made.  Fort  Stedman  and  the  whole 
intrenched  line  were  retaken.  Nearly  2,000  Confederates 
were  captured,  and  the  others  lost  heavily  in  getting  back. 
They  met  a  fire  from  Fort  Haskell,  and  batteries  IX  and 
McGilvery.  3d  Maryland  and  other  troops  charged  along 
the  breastworks  and  helped  reoccupy  Fort  Stedman. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Assault  on  Petersburg  Lines.  The  2d  and  6th  corps 
were  ordered  to  advance  at  once  and  feel  the  Confederates. 
Pushing  forward,  they  captured  an  intrenched  picket  line 
in  their  front,  taking  prisoners.  The  Confederates  failed 
in  hard  efforts  to  regain  this  line.  Getty,  with  bravery, 
contributed. 

The  Federal  cavalry  from  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  via 
White  House,  crossed  James  River,  and  joined  the  army 
in  front  of  Petersburg  March  27th. 

Canby,  Kentucky,  laid  siege  to  Spanish  Fort  March 
27th.  Wm.  P.  Benton,  Maryland,  commanding  a  division, 
was  on  the  left. 

March  28th  Federal  Monitor  Milwaukee  was  blown  up 
by  a  torpedo  in  Mobile  Bay.  Next  day  the  Osage  was 
blown  up. 

Action  of  Gravelly  Run,  or  Quaker  Road,  Va.,  March 
29th.  Federals  started  at  8  A.  M.  Cavalry  had  been  in 
structed  to  move  in  the  direction  of  Dinwiddie  C.  H.,  and 
to  be  ready  to  strike  the  Confederate  right  and  rear.  The 
intention  was  to  reenforce  it  with  a  corps  of  infantry, 
and  cut  Lee  off  from  the  route  toward  Dan-ville,  in  case 
the  Federals  should  be  successful.  Ord  had  drawn  three 
divisions  from  north  of  the  James  and  transferred  them  to 
the  Federal  left.  The  remainder  of  Ord's  army  was  left 
to  hold  the  Federal  lines.  He  extended  from  the  works  in 
front  of  Petersburg  to  the  intersection  of  Hatcher's  Run 
and  the  Vaughan  road.  There  was  a  heavy  rain  March 
29th  and  30th,  and  most  of  the  cavalry  was  ordered  back. 

The  2d  and  5th  corps  moved  on  parallel  lines  against 
Lee's  flank,  and  encountered  his  line  of  battle.  A  sharp 
fight  occurred.  The  2d  corps  was  opposite  Lee's  extreme 
right. 

Battle  of  Boydtown  and  White  Oak  Roads,  Va.,  March 
31st.  The  cavalry  reported  Confederates  intrenching  at 
Five  Forks  and  westward  a  mile.  Lee  had  sent  Pickett 
there,  with  infantry  and  cavalry.  The  5th  corps  ad 
vanced  to  find  out  how  large  a  Confederate  force  held  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

White  Oak  Road  and  to  dislodge  it.  It  assaulted  vig 
orously.  The  Confederates  drove  two  of  the  divisions 
back  upon  the  third.  Reinforcements  came  from  the  2d 
corps,  and  by  noon  the  Confederates  were  checked.  The 
Federals  took  the  offensive  and  a  flank  attack  was  made 
on  the  Confederate  troops  facing  the  5th  corps.  The 
Confederates  soon  fell  back.  There  was  a  forward  move 
ment  by  the  5th  corps  later  in  the  afternoon,  the  Confed 
erates  receding.  The  5th  corps  had  been  sent  forward  this 
day  by  two  roads,  in  the  hope  of  catching  the  Confed 
erates  between  them. 

Action  of  Dinwiddie  C.  H.,  Va.,  March  31st.  Federal 
cavalry  a  little  north  of  Dinwiddie  C.  H.  were  driven  back 
east.  The  cavalry  had  struck  the  Confederate  right  and 
rear,  but,  after  some  success,  had  been  driven.  The  cav 
alry  made  a  stand  on  high  ground  just  north  of  Din 
widdie.  They  held  their  position  there  after  fighting. 
Gillespie,  Tennessee,  was  engaged. 

Montevallo,  Ala.,  March  31st.  The  brigade  of  A.  J. 
Alexander,  Kentucky,  leading  Thomas'  Alabama  cavalry 
expedition,  struck  the  Confederates,  driving  them  in  con 
fusion  by  a  charge.  Fred.  W.  Benteen,  Virginia,  with 
the  10th  Missouri  cavalry,  swept  over  the  bridge,  and, 
swinging  into  a  thicket  bordering  the  creek,  dismounted 
his  men.  He  advanced  against  the  Confederate  position. 
Forrest  was  ousted  and  pursued  to  Randolph. 

Big  Mulberry  Creek,  April  1st.  Forrest  presented  bat 
tle  front.  Eli  Long,  Kentucky,  formed,  and  broke  For 
rest's  line.  The  brigade  of  A.  J.  Alexander  hurried  up 
and  formed  on  Long's  left.  They  advanced  and  Forrest 
was  routed.  Alexander  captured  two  guns  and  Long  one. 

The  brigade  of  J.  T.  Croxton,  Kentucky,  was  detached 
at  Elyton  to  move  on  Tuscaloosa,  while  the  main  command 
marched  toward  Selma.  A  Confederate  division  marching 
from  Tuscaloosa  toward  the  Federal  main  force  had  its 
rear-guard  struck  by  Croxton,  who  interposed  between  it 
and  its  train.  The  main  force  learned  this  by  an  inter- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     263 

cepted  dispatch,  and  that  the  Confederates  intended  at 
tacking  Croxton  at  daylight,  April  1st,  and  other 
important  information.  The  main  force  pushed  on  to 
ward  Selma.  Long  was  ordered  to  help  push  Forrest 
toward  Selma. 

Ebenezer  Church,  April  1st.  Federals  struck  Forrest's 
right  wing.  Long's  division  attacked,  and,  with  the  aid 
of  A.  J.  Alexander's  brigade,  carried  the  position  in  a 
short  while.  Alexander  fought  with  skill  and  spirit.  The 
Confederates  retreated  toward  Selma. 

Canby's  column  from  Pensacola  deployed  before  Fort 
Blakely  April  1st. 

John  C.  Tidball,  Virginia,  was  engaged  in  assault  from 
Fort  Sedgwick  on  Confederate  works  April  1st. 

Battle  of  Five  Forks,  Va.,  April  1st,  1865.  The  force 
facing  the  Federal  cavalry  fell  back  in  the  early  morning. 
The  5th  corps  joined  the  cavalry  in  the  morning.  The 
cavalry  followed  up  the  Confederates,  and  about  1  p.  M. 
reported  that  they  were  retiring  behind  their  intrenched 
position  at  Five  Forks. 

About  3  P.  M.  reports  reached  Fitzhugh  Lee  of  a  large 
body  of  infantry  marching  around  and  menacing  the  Con 
federate  left  flank.  Cavalry  dismounted  demonstrated 
against  the  Confederate  front,  the  Confederates  facing 
south.  At  4  o'clock  the  Federal  infantry  formation 
against  the  Confederate  left  flank  was  complete,  and  the 
Federals  attacked  Pickett.  The  dismounted  cavalry  as 
saulted  as  soon  as  the  Confederate  left  flank  was  struck. 
A  portion  of  the  5th  corps  line  gave  way  at  one  time. 
Pickett's  left  flank  was  crushed.  The  Confederates  main 
tained  the  right  of  their  line,  confronting  the  cavalry,  after 
the  left  and  center  had  given  way.  The  5th  corps  then 
swept  down  the  line.  The  Federal  advance  toward  the 
railroad  was  repulsed  by  Rosser's  cavalry.  Pickett  had 
7,000  men,  and  was  driven  westward  rapidly.  He  was 
driven  back  several  miles,  the  retreat  becoming  a  rout,  fol 
lowed  principally  by  the  cavalry.  Fitzhugh  Lee  remained 


264      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

in  position  on  Hatcher's  Run  near  Five  Forks  during  the 
night.  Pickett  had  five  brigades  and  R.  H.  Anderson  was 
bringing  three  brigades  by  a  circuitous  route.  Thus  eight 
brigades  were  missing  in  the  Petersburg  contest  next  day. 
Richard  N.  Bowerman,  Maryland,  fought  with  bravery 
and  good  conduct.  David  L.  Stanton,  Maryland,  was  con 
spicuous.  Gillespie,  Tennessee,  was  engaged. 

Battle  of  Petersburg,—  Grand  Assault,  April  2d,  1865. 
The  turning  of  Lee's  right  exposed  his  communications 
and  necessitated  his  movement  to  cover  them.  A  successful 
assault  might  hold  him.  The  assault  was  ordered  on  the 
Petersburg  lines  at  4 :45  A.  M.  The  Confederate  line  was 
broken  by  5 :15  A.  M.  The  lines  were  broken  in  various 
places.  Ord  was  engaged  early.  He  broke  through  in- 
trenchments  and  carried  the  line  on  Hatcher's  Run.  At 
8  A.  M.  the  division  of  Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  carried  an 
important  earthwork,  with  3  guns  and  most  of  the  garri 
son.  About  8 :30  A.  M.  a  report  came  from  Ord  of  the 
capture  of  works  south  of  Hatcher's  Run.  Ord  car 
ried  a  considerable  part  of  the  works,  taking  many  pris 
oners.  Lee's  right  having  been  struck,  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  troops  there  and  Ord  were  both  directed  to  face 
eastward,  and  close  up  toward  the  inner  lines  which  cov 
ered  Petersburg.  They  swung  to  the  right,  closing  all 
Confederates  on  that  side  in  Petersburg.  Lee  then  made 
a  determined  fight  against  the  9th  corps,  which  was  threat 
ening  his  inner  line  on  his  extreme  left,  and  the  bridge 
across  the  Appomattox.  Lee  assaulted  it  repeatedly,  but 
did  not  force  it  back.  Lee  had  ordered  Longstreet  up 
from  the  north  side  of  the  James,  and  with  Longstreet  re- 
enforced  his  extreme  right.  By  noon  nearly  all  of  the 
outer  works  were  in  the  Federal  hands  except  two  strong 
redoubts  —  Forts  Gregg  and  Whitworth.  About  1  p.  M. 
three  of  Ord's  brigades  swept  down  upon  Fort  Gregg,  which 
surrendered  after  a  fierce  fight.  Geo.  B.  Dandy,  Georgia, 
commanded  one  of  the  brigades  and  took  a  prominent  part. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     265 

Win.  B.  Curtis,  Maryland,  performed  striking  and  efficient 
service  in  its  capture.  Fort  Whitworth  was  then  aban 
doned.  One  of  Ord's  divisions  took  Fort  Alexander, 
shortening  besieging  lines  and  weakening  the  defenses  of 
Petersburg.  The  evacuation  of  Petersburg  began  at  10 
p.  M.,  April  2d.  That  day,  under  orders,  Admiral  Semmes 
blew  up  the  Confederate  vessels  in  the  James  River. 

In  the  campaign  against  Petersburg,  Getty,  Wm.  Bir- 
ney  and  Thos.  M.  Harris,  Virginia,  commanded  divisions. 
Harris  was  valiant  in  the  assault  on  Petersburg.  John  S. 
Witcher,  Virginia,  showed  bravery  and  merit.  Tompkins, 
Virginia,  commanded  the  artillery  brigade  of  the  6th  corps. 
Fred  T.  Dent,  Missouri,  obtained  mention.  Hawley, 
North  Carolina,  and  Andrew  W.  Evans,  Maryland,  were 
engaged. 

Bache  commanded  the  flag-ship  on  the  James  in  the  final 
operations.  Jas.  H.  Spotts,  North  Carolina,  was  engaged 
in  the  bombardment  of  batteries  above  Dutch  Gap  in  April, 
1865. 

Combat  of  Selma,  Ala.,  April  2d.  An  Englishman  who 
had  been  employed  by  the  Confederates  in  planning  and 
constructing  the  fortifications  of  Selma  was  arrested.  He 
made  a  topographical  sketch  of  them,  and  explained  them 
and  the  surrounding  country.  Long's  division  took  the 
advance  to  Selma.  Arriving,  he  dismounted  his  men,  and 
formed  on  the  left  of  the  road.  His  division,  A.  J.  Alex 
ander's  and  another  brigade,  carried  the  works  at  a  single 
charge  dismounted.  He  drove  the  Confederates  to  the 
city.  His  rear  had  been  threatened,  but  he  merely 
strengthened  it  with  a  regiment.  The  charge  was  a  fine 
one,  the  line  being  completely  exposed.  Long  was  se 
verely  wounded.  Alexander  fought  with  valor.  Selma 
was  captured  with  32  guns  and  2,700  prisoners,  and  large 
stores.  The  arsenal,  powder-works,  etc.,  were  destroyed. 

The  Siege  of  Fort  Blakely,  Mobile  Harbor,  began 
April  2d.  K.  Garrard's  division  was  on  the  left. 


2G6      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Petersburg  surrendered  at  4 :28  A.  M.,  April  3d.  Fed 
eral  troops  were  pushed  west  early  with  all  haste.  The 
cavalry  were  pressing  the  Confederates. 

Richmond,  having  been  evacuated,  was  entered  at  8:15 
A.  M.  Many  guns  were  captured  in  it.  6,000  Confed 
erates  were  taken. 

Farragut  had  temporary  command  in  the  James  River, 
wThere  he  was  stationed  at  the  time  of  the  fall  of  Richmond. 
Wm.  Radford,  Virginia,  commanded  the  James  River  Di 
vision  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  until  its  fall.  F. 
M.  Ramsay  and  A.  A.  Semmes,  District  of  Columbia,  were 
present.  A.  W.  Weaver,  District  of  Columbia,  took  the 
Mahopac  up  James  River,  and  participated  in  night  bom 
bardment  of  Confederate  works  near  Richmond  just  previ 
ous  to  their  evacuation.  He,  too,  was  present  at  its  fall. 
Wm.  C.  Wise,  Virginia,  commanded  the  flag-ship  Malvern 
on  James  River  during  the  final  movements  against  Rich 
mond,  and  it  carried  President  Lincoln  up  to  Richmond 
April  4th,  it  being  the  first  Federal  vessel  to  reach  the  city. 

April  4th  Ord  marched  toward  Burkeville  to  head  Lee 
off  from  Danville.  Lee,  arriving  at  Amelia  C.  H.  4th  A.  M., 
found  the  army  supplies  ordered  not  there.  He  lost  nearly 
24  hours  trying  to  collect  subsistence  in  the  country.  He 
might  have  worked  around  the  Federals  and  kept  down  the 
railroad  but  for  this  delay. 

Croxton,  Kentucky,  had  an  engagement  with  Wirt 
Adams  near  Bridgeville  April  4th.  Croxton  captured 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  destroying  military  stores. 

Amelia  Springs,  Va.,  April  5th.  The  cavalry  inter 
cepted  Lee's  advance  down  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Rail 
road  toward  Burkeville.  Lee  was  then  at  Amelia  C.  H. 
He  marched  west  therefrom  during  the  night.  He  had 
learned  of  the  approach  of  infantry  and  general  advance 
of  the  Federal  army  toward  Burkeville.  This  defeated 
his  design  of  moving  down  the  railroad.  His  march  was 
directed  upon  Farmville,  where  supplies  were  ordered  from 
Lynchburg.  The  change  of  route  threw  troops  over  roads 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     267 

traveled  by  artillery  and  wagon  trains,  impeding  the  ad 
vance  and  embarrassing  movements. 

High  Bridge,  April  6th.  Ord  had  sent  a  force  to  de 
stroy  High  Bridge,  beyond  Sailor's  Creek,  over  the  Appo- 
mattox.  It  .struck  the  head  of  Lee's  marching  column, 
while  preparing  to  cross  the  Appomattox,  and  attacked, 
causing  the  loss  of  precious  time.  The  Confederates  were 
between  Ord  and  this  force  of  less  than  600  infantry  and 
cavalry.  They  charged  Lee's  advancing  columns  repeat 
edly.  Most  of  the  men  were  killed  or  wounded,  and  the 
rest  finally  surrendered.  The  delay  was  damaging  to  Lee. 
The  Federals  captured  a  large  part  of  his  wagon  trains. 
The  affair  contributed  greatly  to  the  day's  success  at 
Sailor's  Creek. 

Battle  of  Sailor's  Creek,  Deatonville,  or  Harper's  Farm, 
Va.,  April  6th.  Longstreet's  corps  reached  Rice's  Station. 
Anderson,  commanding  Pickett's  and  B.  R.  Johnson's  di 
visions,  became  disconnected  from  the  rear  of  Longstreet. 
Federal  cavalry  penetrated  the  interval  and  attacked  the 
wagon  train.  This  seriously  delayed  the  march  of  the 
center  and  rear,  enabling  the  Federals  to  mass  upon  their 
flank.  Anderson  found  a  heavy  force  of  cavalry  posted 
strongly  in  his  front.  Ewell  was  behind  Anderson,  and  the 
Federals  came  up  on  Ewell  from  the  east.  Anderson  at 
tacked  in  front  and  was  repulsed,  while  Ewell,  without 
artillery,  held  the  force  in  rear  in  check.  Before  the  ad 
vancing  Federals  reached  the  crest  of  the  heights  occupied 
by  Ewell,  his  troops  in  heavy  column  charged  impetuously 
upon  and  through  the  center  of  the  assaulting  line.  The 
Federal  center  was  completely  broken  and  a  disaster  was 
imminent.  The  Confederate  piercing  column  now  became 
exposed  to  a  renewed  fire  of  Federal  artillery  east  of 
Sailor's  Creek.  The  right  and  left  wings  of  the  Federals 
each  forced  Swell's  flanks  back,  and,  wheeling  toward  the 
center,  poured  infantry  fire  upon  his  flanks.  Anderson  was 
broken  and  dispersed  and  the  Federals  came  up  through 
Anderson's  position  from  the  rear,  completing  the  encom- 


268      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

passmeiit  of  Ewell  on  his  rear  and  right.  Confederate 
officers  tried  to  form  lines  to  the  right  and  left  to  repel 
the  flank  attacks.  Federal  troops  on  the  flanks  were 
pushed  up  to  within  a  few  feet  of  the  massed  Confederates, 
rendering  impossible  any  re-formation  or  change  of  direc 
tion.  A  few  were  bayoneted  on  each  side.  Ewell's  force, 
including  Commodore  Tucker  and  his  marine  brigade, 
which,  under  cover  of  a  dense  forest,  had  been  passed  by, 
surrendered. 

Gordon  was  behind  Ewell.  All  the  morning,  aided  by 
W.  H.  F.  Lee's  cavalry,  he  had  been  checking  the  Federal 
advance  on  the  road  from  Amelia  Springs,  and  protecting 
the  trains.  He  became  exposed  to  combined  assaults, 
bravely  resisted,  and  twice  repulsed  them.  The  cavalry 
having  been  withdrawn  to  another  part  of  the  line  of 
march,  Federals  massing  heavily  on  Gordon's  front  and 
both  flanks  renewed  the  attack  about  6  P.  M.  and  drove  him 
from  the  field  in  much  confusion.  Ord  pushed  out  to 
Rice's  Station.  The  march  of  the  Confederates  continued 
during  the  night.  Getty  and  Gillespie  were  among  those 
engaged  at  Sailor's  Creek.  Ord  hurried  along  a  more 
southerly  road,  while  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  followed 
Lee's  steps. 

Wm.  Hays,  Virginia,  was  assigned  to  command  of  the 
artillery  reserve  April  6th. 

Combat  of  Farmville,  Va.,  April  7th.  Lee  crossed  the 
Appomattox  at  High  Bridge  and  set  the  bridge  afire.  The 
Federals  managed  to  extinguish  the  flames  ere  they  had 
made  much  progress.  At  Farmville  some  of  the  Confed 
erate  troops  missed  their  food  supply.  The  train  was  re 
moved  on  the  approach  of  the  Federals.  Lee,  marching 
toward  Appomattox  C.  H.,  intended  to  march  thence  by 
Campbell  C.  H.,  through  Pittsylvania  to  Danville.  The 
roads  were  very  bad  and  progress  was  slow.  Troops  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Appomattox  River  near  Farmville 
were  driven  back  by  Fitz  Lee.  The  second  corps  was  also 
on  the  north  side,  isolated  from  the  rest  of  the  infantry. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     269 

It  was  heavily  engaged.  The  6th  corps  was  ordered  to 
cross  the  river  and  move  rapidly  to  its  support.  Getty 
was  engaged. 

The  head  of  Lee's  column  reached  Appomattox  C.  H. 
in  the  evening,  April  8th.  March  was  ordered  to  be  re 
sumed  at  1  A.  M.  the  9th.  In  the  early  part  of  the  night 
Federals  attacked  Walker's  artillery  train  near  Appomat 
tox  Station  and  were  repelled.  Shortly  after,  Federal  cav 
alry  dashed  toward  Appomattox  C.  H.  till  halted  by  the 
Confederate  line.  During  the  night  there  were  indications 
of  a  large  force  massing  on  Lee's  left  and  front.  Fitzhugh 
Lee  was  directed  to  ascertain  its  strength  and  delay  his 
advance  till  daylight,  if  necessary.  Geo.  L.  Gillespie,  Ten 
nessee,  was  engaged  in  an  action  at  Appomattox  Station, 
April  8th.  Lee's  vanguard  was  pushed  back  to  Appo 
mattox  C.  H.,  losing  guns  and  men. 

Spanish  Fort,  Mobile  Harbor,  April  8th.  There  was 
bombardment  by  90  land  guns  and  all  vessels  within  range. 
Lodgment  was  effected  in  the  evening  on  the  right.  Dur 
ing  the  night  the  garrison  retreated.  The  Federals  cap 
tured  500  men  and  nearly  50  guns.  Canby,  Kentucky, 
commanded  the  army,  assaulting  and  occupying  the  Fort 
that  night.  Wm.  R.  Marshall,  Missouri,  led  his  brigade 
in  the  advance  on  Spanish  Fort.  He  was  wounded  in  the 
neck,  but  continued  in  command. 

Fort  Blakely,  Mobile  Harbor,  April  9th.  Canby,  com 
manding  the  army,  took  Fort  Blakely  by  a  general  assault 
of  16,000  men.  He  captured  3,423  men  and  more  than 
40  guns.  Kenner  Garrard,  Kentucky,  led  the  storming 
column  which  captured  the  Fort.  Jas.  I.  Gilbert,  Ken 
tucky,  performed  faithful  and  good  service  in  the  cam 
paign  against  Mobile  and  its  defenses.  Canby  accom 
plished  an  important  and  valuable  service  in  the  reduction 
of  the  defenses  of  Mobile. 

Appomattox  Station,  Lee's  Surrender,  April  9th,  1865. 
Ord  marched  with  two  corps  from  daylight  April  8th  until 
the  morning  of  the  9th  with  a  rest  of  only  three  hours. 


270      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

About  5  A.  M.  9th,  with  Gordon  on  the  left,  Fitzhugh  Lee's 
cavalry  moved  forward  and  opened  the  way.  A  heavy 
force  was  discovered  opposite  Gordon's  right,  which,  mov 
ing  toward  Appomattox  C.  H.,  drove  back  the  left  of  the 
cavalry  and  threatened  to  cut  off  Gordon  from  Longstreet, 
Federal  cavalry  at  the  same  time  threatening  to  envelope 
Gordon's  left  flank.  Ord's  force  and  a  division  of  the 
5th  corps  reached  Appomattox  Station  about  daylight. 
Gordon  withdrew  across  the  Appomattox  River  and  Con 
federate  cavalry  advanced  on  the  Lynchburg  road  and 
became  separated  from  the  army.  Ord's  men  and  the  5th 
corps  troops  took  position  on  the  high  ground  to  the  south 
and  southwest  of  Lee,  supporting  the  cavalry,  heading  Lee 
off.  Ord  was  present.  The  ground  was  open  to  Lee  on 
the  northwest  and  thickly  wooded.  Thos.  M.  Harris,  Vir 
ginia,  sent  out  a  detachment  which  silenced  the  last  Con 
federate  guns  at  Appomattox.  Lee's  army  wanted  sub 
sistence  and  a  supply  could  not  be  gathered  in  the  country. 
Supplies  ordered  to  Pamplin's  Station  from  Lynchburg 
could  not  reach  the  army.  The  men  were  worn  out  and 
exhausted.  Lee  was  led  to  surrender  the  army  on  parole. 
An  essential  contributing  cause  to  this  result  was  Ord's 
skillful,  hard  march  the  night  before.  In  Lee's  army  there 
remained  7,892  organized  infantry  with  arms.  In  all, 
26,000  men  were  surrendered.  Getty,  Gillespie  and  Geo. 
B.  Dandy,  Georgia,  were  engaged  at  Appomattox. 

In  the  Appomattox  campaign  Ord  commanded  the 
Army  of  the  James,  with  the  defenses  of  Bermuda  Hun 
dred,  etc.,  the  24th  and  25th  corps  and  cavalry.  Wm. 
Hays,  Virginia,  commanded  the  artillery  reserve.  Hays, 
Getty  and  Wm.  Birney  commanded  divisions.  Tidball 
commanded  the  artillery  brigade  of  the  9th  corps.  A.  W. 
Denison,  Maryland;  R.  N.  Bowerman,  Maryland;  David 
L.  Stanton,  Maryland ;  Dandy ;  Wm.  B.  Curtis,  Maryland ; 
Harris;  and  Henry  A.  Morrow,  Virginia,  participated. 
Morrow  commanded  the  "  Iron  Brigade  "  from  Petersburg 
to  the  close  of  the  War. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

April  9th  Thomas'  cavalry  expedition  which  had  been  in 
Virginia  moved  into  North  Carolina  again.  At  German- 
ton,  N.  C.,  the  force  divided,  part  going  to  Salem  and  the 
main  body  to  Salisbury.  The  railroad  was  destroyed  to 
Danville. 

Getty  was  in  the  march  from  Appomattox  to  Danville, 
and  to  and  about  Washington,  from  April  10th  to  the  close 
of  the  War. 

The  combined  army  in  North  Carolina  started  from 
Goldsboro  for  Raleigh  April  10th.  It  reached  Smithfield 
the  llth.  Johnston  had  fallen  back  to  Raleigh. 

The  fleet  gained  the  rear  of  Mobile  by  the  Blakely  and 
Tensas,  and  Canby's  men  crossed  the  Bay  under  convoy. 
Forts  Huger  and  Tracy  were  captured  April  llth. 
Maury,  in  command  at  Mobile,  marched  out  April  llth, 
and  Canby  entered  next  day.  Maury  withdrew  to  Merid 
ian,  Miss. 

Near  Salisbury,  N.  C.,  April  12th,  Thomas'  cavalry 
defeated  3,000  Confederates,  Gillem,  Tennessee,  partici 
pating  with  good  conduct.  18  guns  and  over  1,200  pris 
oners  were  captured,  and  the  Confederates  were  disorgan 
ized.  The  Federals  entered  Salisbury  that  day.  The 
railroad  south  of  Salisbury  was  destroyed. 

Montgomery,  Ala.,  surrendered  to  Thomas'  Alabama 
cavalry  expedition  April  12th. 

Federal  cavalry  occupied  Raleigh  April  14th. 

The  night  of  April  14th  President  Lincoln  was  shot. 
He  died  in  the  morning,  and  Andrew  Johnson,  North  Caro 
lina,  was  sworn  in  as  President  that  day,  thereby  becoming 
commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy. 

Action  of  Columbus,  Ga.,  April  16th.  Part  of  the  bri 
gade  of  A.  J.  Alexander,  Kentucky,  in  Thomas'  Alabama 
cavalry  expedition,  struck  the  Confederate  pickets  and 
drove  them  through  Girard.  Alexander  showed  skill  and 
daring.  The  Confederates  destroyed  the  bridge  across  the 
River  to  Columbus,  Ga.  The  Federals  attacked  at  another 
point  and  secured  a  bridge.  Benteen's  Missourians  crossed 


272      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

the  bridge.  Columbus  was  captured.  It  was  a  night  at 
tack.  1,200  prisoners,  52  field-guns,  and  large  quantities 
of  arms  and  stores  were  taken.  The  Confederate  ram 
Jackson,  nearly  finished,  was  destroyed. 

April  16th,  West  Point,  Ga.,  was  taken  by  a  brigade 
moving  separately  from  the  main  force  at  Columbus. 
Three  guns  were  captured. 

April  17th  negotiations  were  had  for  the  surrender  of 
Johnston's  army. 

Macon,  Ga.,  was  occupied  April  20th  by  Thomas'  cav 
alry.  After  the  20th  Croxton  commanded  a  division. 

Thomas  made  dispositions  for  the  capture  of  Jefferson 
Davis  and  his  party,  with  the  result  that  he  was  captured. 

A.  C.  Gillem,  Tennessee,  was  engaged  in  an  action  near 
Asheville,  N.  C.,  April  22d. 

April  26th  Johnston  surrendered  29,924  men  on  parole. 

J.  T.  Croxton,  Kentucky,  marched  653  miles  to  get  up 
with  the  main  cavalry  force,  joining  at  Macon  May  1st. 
He  destroyed  five  large  iron-works  and  large  supplies  and 
captured  four  guns. 

The  old  command  of  General  Morgan  surrendered  to 
Hobson,  Kentucky,  at  Mt.  Sterling,  May  1st. 

May  4th,  1865,  Richard  Taylor  surrendered  to  Canby 
at  Citronelle  all  remaining  Confederate  forces  east  of  the 
Mississippi.  The  naval  forces  surrendered  also. 

Croxton,  Kentucky,  was  given  the  instructions  under 
which  Jefferson  Davis  was  captured.  Under  the  theory 
that  he  would  attempt  to  escape  toward  the  Florida  coast, 
detachments  were  sent  out.  He  was  captured  by  the  cav 
alry  near  Irwinsville,  Ga.,  May  10th. 

May  10th  Sam  Jones'  command  of  8,000  men  surren 
dered  at  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

May  llth  Jeff  Thompson's  command  of  7,454  men  sur 
rendered  at  Chalk  Bluff,  Ark. 

Kirby  Smith  surrendered  to  Canby  all  of  the  trans- 
Mississippi  forces,  20,000,  May  26th. 

June  2d,  1865,  Benj.  F.  Sands,  Maryland,  with  his  gun- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     273 

boats,  took  possession  of  Galveston,  Texas  —  the  last  city 
to  surrender. 

June  3d  Lieut.  J.  H.  Carter  and  the  Confederate  naval 
forces  under  his  command  surrendered. 

S.  A.  Hurlbut,  South  Carolina,  commanded  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  Gulf  the  last  year  of  the  War. 

Sol.  Meredith,  North  Carolina,  was  in  command  of 
Paducah  at  the  close  of  the  War. 

S.  P.  Lee,  Virginia,  commanding  the  Mississippi  Squad 
ron,  occupied  the  last  months  of  the  War  in  convoy  duty, 
maintaining  communication  on  the  Mississippi,  blockading 
the  Red  River,  and  in  active  operations  with  the  army  by 
the  fleets  in  the  Tennessee  River  and  the  Cumberland  River. 
This  was  an  exacting  and  difficult  service.  There  were  hot 
engagements  with  the  Confederate  batteries  and  troops  on 
the  banks.  Lee  received  the  surrender  of  the  last  of  the 
Confederate  fleet  on  the  western  waters. 

Any  reader  whose  view  of  the  deeds  of  northern  Federals 
may  have  been  obscured  by  the  foregoing  recital  can  bring 
them  clearly  before  him  by  the  perusal  of  special  works 
devoted  to  them  and  general  histories. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  SOUTHERN  OFFICERS 
COMMANDING  BRIGADES,  OR  ABOVE ;  COM 
MANDING  A  VESSEL,  OR  MORE,  WITH 
THEIR  RANK  AND  RECORD,  SHOW 
ING    WHERE    THEY    FOUGHT; 
AND  SOME  OTHER  SOUTH 
ERNERS  WHO  NOTABLY 
AIDED    THE     FED 
ERAL  CAUSE. 


THE  RANK  GIVEN   is  THE  HIGHEST   HELD  IN  BATTLE. 

MANY  OFFICERS  RECEIVED  PROMOTION  TO  DATE  FROM 

MARCH  13TH,  1865,  AND  OTHER  DATES,  WHO 

APPEAR  NOT  TO  HAVE  BEEN  ENGAGED  IN 

BATTLE    THEREAFTER,    TO    COMMAND 

COMMENSURATELY. 

Abercrombie,  John  J.,  Tennessee.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Falling  Waters.  Shenandoah  campaign, 
1861—62.  At  Fair  Oaks  his  brigade  was  cut  off  and  sus 
tained  a  severe  attack.  He  was  wounded.  Seven  Days' 
Battles.  At  Malvern  Hill  he  pushed  after  the  repelled 
Confederates  and  helped  advance  the  right  of  the  line. 
He  commanded  troops  before  Washington.  In  its  defense, 
was  in  command  of  works  about  Chain  Bridge,  September, 
1862,  to  April,  1863.  In  command  of  a  division  at  Cen- 
treville,  April  to  August,  1863.  In  command  of  depots 
about  Fredericksburg  for  the  distribution  of  troops,  etc., 
May,  1864,  and  at  White  House,  June,  1864,  being  en 
gaged  in  its  defense  against  Hampton's  Legion. 

Abert,  John  J.,  Maryland.  Commander  corps  of 
Topo graphical  Engineers. 

275 


276     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Alexander,  A.  J.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Peninsula  campaign.  Gettysburg  campaign. 
Atlanta  campaign.  At  Montevallo  his  brigade,  leading, 
struck  the  Confederates,  driving  them  in  confusion  by  a 
charge.  At  Mulberry  Creek,  he  hurried  his  brigade  up 
and  helped  defeat  Forrest.  He  captured  two  guns.  At 
Ebenezer  Church,  skillful  and  bold,  he  aided  in  taking  the 
Confederate  position.  He  was  conspicuous  in  the  noted 
charge  which  captured  Selma.  At  Columbus,  Ga.,  part  of 
his  brigade  struck  the  Confederate  pickets  and  drove  them 
through  Girard. 

Alexander,  Barton  S.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General. 
Blackburn's  Ford.  Bull  Run.  Before  Yorktown.  West 
Point,  landing  the  leading  division.  Fair  Oaks.  Games' 
Mill.  Golding's  Farm.  Chief  Engineer  of  defenses  of 
Washington,  June  1st,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 

Ammen,  Jacob,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  West  Virginia  campaign  of  1861.  Cheat  Moun 
tain.  Greenbrier.  At  Pittsburg  Landing  his  brigade  was 
the  arriving  reenforcement  which,  with  some  assistance,  pre 
vented  the  Confederates  from  reaching  the  landing  in  their 
final  charge  on  the  6th,  handling  his  brigade  finely.  Next 
day  resisted  Confederate  attempts  to  turn  the  left,  occu 
pied  by  his  brigade.  Advance  upon  and  fighting  before 
Corinth.  Commanded  a  division  in  the  fall  of  1862.  In 
command  of  Covington,  Ky.,  Camp  Denison,  O.,  and 
Camp  Douglas,  111.,  October  30th,  1862,  to  April  14th, 
1863.  In  command  of  District  of  Illinois,  April  14th  to 
December  17th,  1863;  of  districts  of  Middle  Tennessee 
and  Kentucky,  January  2d  to  26th,  1864,  and  of  District 
of  East  Tennessee,  April  10th,  1864,  to  January  14th, 
1865.  Commanded  force  of  4,200  sent  by  Thomas  against 
Breckenridge,  December,  1864.  In  command  of  camps  of 
instruction  in  several  districts  of  Illinois,  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee. 

Anderson,  Robert,  Kentucky.  Major  General  U.  S. 
Army.  He  was  commended  for  his  defense  of  Fort 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     277 

Sumter.  Commanded  militia  of  Kentucky  during  the  period 
of  neutrality  and  for  a  few  weeks  thereafter.  In  com 
mand  of  Department  of  Kentucky,  May  28th  to  August 
15th,  1861.  Opened  a  recruiting  office  in  Cincinnati  for 
volunteers  from  Kentucky  and  western  Virginia.  He 
thwarted  Buckner's  advance  on  Louisville.  He  had  the 
privilege  of  selecting  four  brigadier  generals  to  serve  under 
him.  He  chose  Thomas  as  one.  In  command  of  the  De 
partment  of  the  Cumberland,  or  Department  of  the  Ohio, 
August  15th  to  October  13th,  1861. 

Bache,  Geo.  M.,  District  of  Columbia.  Lieutenant 
Commanding.  Commanded  iron-clad  Cincinnati,  Missis 
sippi  Squadron,  1862-63.  He  was  in  the  attack  on 
Haines'  Bluff.  Arkansas  Post,  silencing  guns  with  the 
Cincinnati.  He  went  up  the  White  River  directly  after 
the  capture  of  Fort  Hindman.  Capture  of  St.  Charles. 
Expedition  through  Steele's  Bayou  and  Deer  Creek  in  the 
Cincinnati.  Engagement  with  Vicksburg  batteries  May 
27th,  1863,  where  the  Cincinnati  was  sunk.  He  fought 
with  courage.  At  Milliken's  Bend  the  Lexington  under 
Bache  reached  the  scene  of  action  as  the  Confederates 
were  making  off  and  shelled  them.  He  commanded  steam 
gunboat  Lexington,  1863—64*.  He  made  a  successful  raid 
in  the  White  River,  with  the  Lexington,  Cricket  and  Mar 
mora.  He  sent  the  Cricket  up  the  Little  Red  River  and 
proceeded  to  Augusta.  Expedition  via  Red  up  Black  and 
Ouachita  Rivers.  Red  River  Expedition,  commanding  the 
Lexington.  Osage  aground  was  attacked.  Bache  was 
visiting  on  board.  A  Confederate  brigade  fought  the 
Osage  and  Lexington.  Bache,  in  the  Lexington,  enfiladed 
the  Confederates,  disabling  their  battery  and  driving  them 
off.  Lexington  was  the  first  to  sweep  through  the  weir, 
after  the  fleet  was  stopped  by  low  water,  and  a  dam  had 
been  built  to  store  the  water  and  float  it  down.  He  com 
manded  four  vessels  in  the  army  and  navy  expedition  up 
the  Arkansas  River.  At  Clarendon,  Ark.,  he  defeated  bat 
teries  and  troops.  Powhatan  both  assaults  on  Fort  Fisher. 


278      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

He  commanded  the  right  wing  in  the  sailors'  assault  and 
was  wounded  severely.  In  command  of  flag-ship  on  James 
River. 

Bainbridge,  Edmund  C.,  Virginia.  Chief  of  Artillery 
12th  army  corps,  December,  1863,  to  April,  1864. 

Balch,  George  B.,  Tennessee.  Commander.  As  a  vol 
unteer,  he  led  the  force  which  landed  in  boats  and  took 
possession  of  Tybee  Island.  He  ascended  the  Black  River 
25  miles,  drove  a  Confederate  battery  from  earthworks  and 
engaged  infantry  on  the  bluffs.  In  command  of  Poca- 
hontas,  later  of  the  Pawnee,  1862-65.  He  was  engaged 
in  operations  of  the  South  Atlantic  Squadron  between  Jan 
uary  and  July,  1863.  He  landed  troops  on  Folly  Island 
at  night  during  the  Morris  Island  operations.  He  was 
attacked  July  16th,  1863,  by  two  batteries,  Confederates 
making  a  simultaneous  attack  on  the  soldiers.  He  repulsed 
the  attack  and  is  credited  with  having  saved  the  troops. 
Balch  was  senior  officer  on  the  Stono  River.  The  Pawnee 
helped  in  making  the  landing  on  James  Island.  On  the 
Stono  River,  December  25th,  1863,  the  Pawnee  was  struck 
46  times.  The  Marblehead  was  opened  on  by  batteries. 
The  Pawnee  took  an  enfilading  position  and  caused  the 
retreat  of  the  Confederates,  afterward  capturing  two  guns. 
Gunboat  expedition  up  St.  John's  River,  occupying  Jack 
sonville.  Operations  in  Stono  River  in  1864,  particularly 
bombardment  of  Battery  Pringle.  Balch  was  in  the  at 
tempt  to  cut  the  railroad  between  Charleston  and  Savan 
nah.  Honey  Hill.  Attack  on  Fort  Fisher.  Tagodo 
Creek,  North  Edisto,  with  Pawnee,  Sonoma  and  Daffodil,  he 
ascended  and  engaged  three  batteries,  driving  the  Confed 
erates  from  their  earthworks.  Pawnee  was  hit  10  times, 
Sonoma  and  Daffodil  twice  each.  Bull's  Bay. 

Ball,  William  H.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  He  fought  bravely  and  well  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley  campaign,  1864,  being  heavily  engaged  at  Cedar 
Creek.  Won  honor  in  the  campaign  .before  Richmond. 

Bankhead,     John     P.,     South     Carolina.     Commander. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     279 

Susquehanna.  He  commanded  the  Pembina  at  Port  Royal, 
Seabrook  and  Port  Royal  Ferry.  In  command  of  the 
Florida  at  the  capture  of  Fernandina,  Fla.,  Fort  Clinch 
and  St.  Mary,  Ga.  When  the  Monitor  foundered  he  was 
in  command,  and  was  among  the  last  to  leave  her. 

Barrett,  Edward,  Louisiana.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
In  command  of  the  Catskill  blockading  Charleston.  He 
captured  the  Deer,  the  only  blockade-runner  captured  by  a 
monitor.  Commanded  gunboat  Massasoit. 

Barriger,  John  W.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  In  command  of  Fort  Ellsworth.  Fought 
with  valor  at  Bull  Run.  Chief  Commissary,  Army  of  the 
Ohio. 

Bates,  Edward,  Virginia.  Attorney  General  of  the 
United  States.  Led  in  pointing  out  the  necessity  of  cre 
ating  a  naval  force  in  the  west  to  get  possession  of  the 
tributaries  of  the  Mississippi  River,  then  of  the  Mississippi 
itself. 

Bell,  George,  Maryland.  Chief  of  Commissariat,  De 
partments  of  Washington  and  the  Potomac.  Brigadier 
General. 

Bell,  Henry  H.,  North  Carolina.  Commodore.  Went 
up  the  Mississippi  River  preliminary  to  the  bombardment  of 
Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip  to  obtain  information.  He 
was  under  a  heavy  fire  finding  a  way  past  the  cable  ob 
structing  the  river.  Commanded  the  last  of  the  three 
divisions  in  the  passage  of  the  forts,  capturing  one  vessel, 
and  destroying  two.  He  was  fleet  captain.  He  was  active 
in  the  capture  of  New  Orleans,  and  restored  the  U.  S. 
flag  on  the  New  Orleans  custom  house.  In  passage  of  the 
Vicksburg  batteries  June  28th,  1862.  Siege  of  Vicksburg. 
For  a  time  in  1863,  Bell  was  in  command  of  the  West  Gulf 
Squadron.  He  rendered  essential  service  in  the  blockade. 
Capture  of  Port  Hudson.  Bell  was  a  good  organizer  and 
administrator  of  details. 

Benteen,  Fred.  W.,  Virginia.  Did  good  service  at  Pea 
Ridge.  Commanded  a  brigade  at  Big  Blue.  Bold  and 


280      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

helpful  at  Osage.  At  Montevallo,  with  the  10th  Missouri 
cavalry,  he  swept  over  the  bridge,  and,  swinging  into  the 
thicket  bordering  the  creek,  dismounted  his  men  and  ad 
vanced  against  the  Confederate  position,  contributing  to 
the  victory.  At  Columbus,  Ga.,  his  Missourians  crossed 
the  bridge  into  the  city,  which  then  fell. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.,  Jr.,  Tennessee.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Commanded  a  brigade  at  the  seizure  of 
Little  Rock. 

Benton,  William  P.,  Maryland.  Major  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Organized  the  first  company  offered  by  Indiana. 
He  had  a  command  at  Rich  Mountain,  where  he  displayed 
bravery.  Pea  Ridge,  conspicuous.  Port  Gibson.  Jack 
son.  Champion's  Hill.  Black  River.  Planted  colors  on 
the  slope  of  the  earthwork  at  Vicksburg  May  2&d,  1863. 
He  commanded  a  division  in  the  campaign  against  Mobile 
and  its  defenses. 

Berrien,  John  M.,  Georgia.  Naval  Captain.  Com 
manded  at  Norfolk  in  1865. 

Birney,  David  B.,  Alabama.  Major  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Raised  a  regiment  in  Pennsylvania.  Was  con 
spicuous  at  Yorktown  and  Williamsburg.  At  Seven  Pines 
he  delayed  the  Confederate  advance  east  June  1st.  He 
had  moved  forward  and  struck  the  right  flank  of  Confed 
erates  there.  Birney  and  French  pushed  Confederates 
back.  Seven  Days'  Battles.  Glendale.  Fought  ably  at 
Second  Manassas.  During  the  battle  of  Chantilly,  com 
mand  of  a  division  devolved  on  Birney,  who  ordered  a 
bayonet  charge  by  his  own  brigade,  which  gained  some 
ground.  At  Fredericksburg  some  of  his  troops  were 
thrown  forward  in  support  of  the  troops  who  had  pierced 
Jackson's  line.  The  arrival  of  his  division  at  a  critical 
moment  during  the  Confederate  pursuit  occupied  the  line 
of  battle  and  aided  in  saving  a  battery.  At  Chancellors- 
ville  he  reported  continuous  movement  of  Confederates 
toward  Federal  right.  He  had  a  rifled  battery  open  on 
the  Confederates  with  effect,  causing  them  to  withdraw 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     281 

to  another  road.  At  midnight  his  division  was  advanced, 
charging  down  the  plank  road,  driving  back  Confederates, 
and  recovering  a  part  of  the  ground  lost  by  the  llth  corps, 
bringing  away  several  of  the  abandoned  guns.  He  occu 
pied  the  rear  in  the  retreat  on  Chancellorsville  next  day. 
At  Gettysburg  July  2d,  Birney  disclosed  by  reconnois- 
sances  the  presence  of  Confederates  flanking  the  left.  Be 
fore  Longstreet's  attack  his  division  was  posted  from  the 
Devil's  Den  to  the  Peach  Orchard  and  along  the  Emmits- 
burg  road.  Birney  repulsed  the  first  assault.  Toward 
six  the  angle  at  the  Peach  Orchard  was  broken  in.  He 
commanded  the  3d  corps  from  soon  after  6  P.  M.  One  of 
his  brigades  got  in  the  interval  between  two  Confederate 
regiments  about  the  wheatfield,  forcing  the  flanks  back. 
At  the  Wilderness  his  division  was  placed  on  the  left  of 
Getty  in  two  lines  of  battle  along  the  Brock  road.  He 
advanced  to  the  attack.  There  was  fierce  fighting.  With 
his  own  and  another  division,  he  pushed  forward  on  the 
left  of  the  Orange  plank  road,  and  drove  Confederates 
from  their  rifle-pits.  He  was  used  with  two  other  divi 
sions  to  strike  Hill's  right  heavily,  preventing  Hill  from 
interposing  between  the  2d  and  5th  corps.  At  Spotsyl- 
vania,  May  10th,  while  withdrawing  from  the  Confederate 
left,  he  was  attacked.  His  division  participated  in  the  7 
p.  M.  assault.  Birney's  and  another  division  formed  the 
first  line  in  the  attack  on  the  Bloody  Angle,  Lee's  center, 
at  Spotsylvania,  dashing  over  the  front  and  flank  of  the 
works,  surprising  and  overwhelming  the  Confederates  in 
their  trenches.  In  the  hand-to-hand  conflict  guns  were 
used  as  clubs.  Ed.  Johnson  and  most  of  his  division, 
Brigadier  General  Geo.  H.  Steuart  and  part  of  two  bri 
gades  and  30  guns  were  captured.  At  Spotsylvania  May 
18th  with  another  division  he  supported  the  assault  on  the 
line  nearly  in  front  of  the  work  they  had  captured.  At 
North  Anna  two  brigades  of  Birney's  division  attacked 
fortification  on  the  north  side  of  the  stream,  stormed  and 
carried  it.  The  Confederates  were  unable  to  burn  the 


282      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

bridge  and  fell  back  during  the  night.  Cold  Harbor. 
Jerusalem  plank  road.  In  the  general  assault  on  Peters 
burg  June  16th,  1864,  he  carried  the  ridge  in  his  front. 
After  July,  1864,  he  commanded  the  10th  corps,  Army  of 
the  James.  Deep  Bottom  August  12th,  gained  some  ad 
vantage,  taking  four  guns.  He  participated  on  the  left 
of  the  force  threatening  Richmond  August  14th.  Six 
guns  and  several  hundred  prisoners  were  taken.  In  the 
fighting  near  there,  August  16th  to  19th,  he  was  on  the 
right.  September  29th  Birney  and  Ord  took  Fort  Harri 
son,  with  15  guns,  and  a  considerable  portion  of  the  in- 
trenchments.  Fort  Harrison  was  strong.  Fort  Gilmer. 
Confederates  assaulted  Fort  Harrison  several  times  unsuc 
cessfully,  with  loss. 

Birney,  William,  Alabama.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Conspicuous  at  Second  Bull  Run.  Chantilly. 
He  was  wounded  at  Fredericksburg.  Chancellorsville. 
Fort  Gilmer.  Commanded  a  division  in  the  campaign 
against  Petersburg  and  the  Appomattox  campaign. 

Bishop,  Joshua,  Missouri.  Lieutenant  Commanding. 
General  Bragg,  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  at  Helena,  July 
4th,  1863. 

Black,  John  C.,  Mississippi.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Wounded  at  Pea  Ridge.  Won  honor  at  Prairie 
Grove.  He  helped  menace  the  Confederate  left  flank,  hav 
ing  been  moved  across  the  creek.  He  fearlessly  charged 
the  position  of  the  Confederates  and  captured  a  battery, 
being  severely  wounded.  He  was  gallant  in  the  assault  on 
Fort  Blakely. 

Blair,  Francis  P.,  Jr.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of 
Volunteers.  Raised  a  full  regiment  in  Missouri  within  ten 
days  from  the  issue  of  the  President's  call.  To  the  cour 
age,  moderation  and  tact  of  Blair  it  was  greatly  due  that 
not  one  member  of  the  Missouri  Convention  elected  Feb 
ruary  18th,  1861,  would  say  he  was  in  favor  of  the  seces 
sion  of  Missouri.  He  organized  Home  Guards,  who 
guarded  the  St.  Louis  arsenal,  containing  65,000  stand  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     283 

anus.  Arms  in  the  arsenal  were  distributed  to  the  Guards. 
He  suggested  capture  of  the  State  troops  under  General 
Frost.  With  his  volunteers  and  regulars  the  State  Guard 
at  Camp  Jackson  was  surrounded,  and  he  received  its 
surrender.  This  prompt  action  was  a  large  factor  in  the 
prevention  of  the  secession  of  Missouri  and  Kentucky.  At 
Johnston's  Landing  Blair  took  two  lines  of  rifle-pits. 
At  Chickasaw  Bayou  his  men  crossed  the  Bayou  and 
reached  the  foot  of  the  hills.  He  was  prominent  in  the 
assault  at  Arkansas  Post.  He  led  in  the  assault  on  Vicks- 
burg  May  19th,  1863.  It  was  his  division  which  planted 
its  colors  on  the  works.  Blair  made  attack  at  Vicksburg 
May  22d.  Occupied  Tuscumbia  after  fight  at  Cane  Creek. 
He  commanded  the  15th  corps  at  Missionary  Ridge.  In 
the  march  to  the  relief  of  Knoxville,  he  commanded  the 
right  column,  there  being  three  divisions  acting  independ 
ently.  Commanded  the  force  marching  from  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  on  Rome  and  Kingston,  joining  the  main  army  June 
8th.  Carried  Bald  Hill,  which  gave  him  a  full  view  of 
the  heart  of  Atlanta.  Atlanta,  July  22d,  1864,  the  first 
blow  against  the  main  line  struck  Blair,  whom  the  Confed 
erates  were  unable  to  drive.  Repulsed  a  front  attack,  then 
had  his  men  spring  over  their  parapets  and  fight  other  as 
sailants  from  the  reverse.  During  the  day  his  corps  was 
attacked  first  from  the  rear,  then  flank,  then  front.  At 
Ezra  Church  Blair  was  watchful  and  helpful  to  the  assailed 
right  wing.  In  command  of  the  17th  corps  in  Atlanta 
campaign,  March  to  the  Sea,  and  Campaign  in  the  Caro- 
linas.  He  menaced  Charleston  from  Pocotaligo.  He 
forced  the  Confederates  to  give  way  at  Orangeburg.  Cap 
tured  25  guns  at  Cheraw. 

Blair,  Montgomery,  Kentucky.  Postmaster  General. 
Interested  the  President  in  the  idea  of  provisioning  and 
reen  forcing  Fort  Sumter.  Opposed  its  surrender.  Re 
fused  to  remain  in  the  cabinet  if  done. 

Boarman,  Chas.,  Maryland.  Naval  Captain.  Special 
service. 


284     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Bowerman,  Richard  N.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Brave  and  good  conduct  at  Five  Forks. 
Appomattox  campaign. 

Boyle,  Junius  J.,  Maryland.  Commodore.  Com 
manded  naval  asylum  at  Philadelphia,  1863-65. 

Boyle,  Jeremiah  T.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  He  organized  troops  in  Kentucky,  and  pre 
pared  defenses  against  invasion,  displaying  ability  therein. 
Shiloh.  Kentucky  troops  under  him  met  Morgan,  actively 
opposing,  on  his  first  raid.  U.  S.  Military  Commandant 
of  Kentucky,  headquarters  Louisville,  June  1st,  1862,  to 
January  12th,  1864. 

Bradford,  Jos.  M.,  Tennessee.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  Nipsic.  Was  under  fire  a  number  of  times 
at  Charleston  and  Stono  Inlet.  Fleet  captain  South  At 
lantic  Blockading  Squadron,  November,  1863,  till  the  end 
of  the  War.  Fall  of  Charleston. 

Bramlette,  Thos.  E.,  Kentucky.  Raised  a  Kentucky 
infantry  regiment.  Governor  of  Kentucky,  elected  in 
1863. 

Brannan,  J.  M.,  District  of  Columbia.  Major  General 
of  Volunteers.  Defenses  of  Washington,  November— De 
cember,  1861.  In  command  of  Department  of  Key  West, 
January  10th  to  March,  1862.  In  command  of  Port 
Royal,  June  to  September,  1862.  In  command  of  Depart 
ment  of  the  South,  September  6th-17th,  1862.  In  com 
mand  of  Expedition  to  St.  John's  River,  Fla.,  resulting  in 
reduction  of  batteries  on  St.  John's  Bluff  and  evacuation 
of  Jacksonville,  performing  daring  and  useful  service. 
Distinction  at  the  Battle  of  Jacksonville.  Combat  of 
Pocotaligo,  driving  Confederates  to  Pocotaligo  Bridge. 
Successfully  retreated  to  Broad  River  before  a  large  force. 
St.  John's  Bluff.  In  command  of  the  Department  of  the 
South,  October  30th,  1862,  to  January  24th,  1863.  In 
command  of  a  division  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland 
in  the  Tennessee  campaign,  April  to  September,  1863. 
Hoover's  Gap.  He  helped  drive  the  Confederates  from 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     285 

heights  north  of  Garrison  Creek.  Evacuation  of  Tulla- 
homa.  Passage  of  Elk  River.  At  Chickamauga  recon- 
noitering,  he  brought  on  the  battle.  He  posted  Croxton 
to  the  left,  and  helped  press  the  assailing  Confederates 
back.  Transferred  to  another  part  of  the  field,  he  made 
a  striking  charge  upon  the  victorious  Confederates,  driv 
ing  back  the  Confederates  after  the  line  of  battle  had  been 
pierced.  The  second  day,  when  Brannan  was  struck,  after 
the  Confederates  had  poured  into  a  gap  and  separated  the 
two  wings  of  the  army,  his  right,  in  swinging  back  under 
fire,  was  thrown  into  temporary  confusion.  Order  was 
soon  restored ;  he  gathered  his  division  on  Snodgrass  Hill, 
a  strong  position,  which  enabled  Thomas  to  form  a  line 
at  right  angles  to  the  front  line.  Brannan  resisted  furious 
attacks,  fighting  intrepidly.  Chief  of  Artillery,  Depart 
ment  of  the  Cumberland,  October  10th,  1863,  to  the  end 
of  the  War.  He  arranged  defenses  of  Chattanooga:  was 
charged  with  preparing  the  fortifications  for  heavier  guns 
and  obtaining  the  guns  and  ammunition.  In  charge  of  the 
artillery  of  the  combined  armies  of  the  Tennessee  and 
Cumberland,  Battle  of  Chattanooga.  He  placed  guns  to 
protect  the  crossing  of  the  Tennessee  River  by  the  left 
wring,  and  aided  the  taking  of  Lookout  Mountain  by  a 
direct  artillery  fire  on  the  mountain  front  from  across  the 
river,  on  Moccasin  Point.  His  guns  supported  the  center 
in  the  charge  on  Missionary  Ridge.  Invasion  of  Georgia. 
Operations  around  Dalton.  Resaca.  Dallas.  Sustained 
his  reputation  at  Kenesaw  Mountain.  Passage  of  the 
Chattahoochee.  Combat  of  Peach  Tree  Creek.  Com 
manded  artillery  forces  in  the  investment  of  Atlanta.  As 
sault  of  intrenchments  at  Jonesboro.  He  made  a  hand 
some  showing  in  the  Atlanta  campaign.  Occupation  of 
Atlanta,  arranging  the  artillery  for  its  defense.  He  was 
at  Chattanooga,  Nashville  and  on  inspection  tours  of  the 
Department  of  the  Cumberland,  from  October,  1864,  to 
the  end  of  the  War.  His  record  for  the  War  is  honor 
able. 


286      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Brice,  Benj.  W.,  Virginia.  Major  General  U.  S.  Army. 
Paymaster  General. 

Brown,  Bcnj.  G.,  Kentucky.  Consulted  in  the  project 
against  Camp  Jackson,  Mo.,  and  was  in  the  march  against 
it.  He  commanded  a  brigade. 

Brownlow,  J.  P.,  Tennessee.  Commanded  a  brigade  in 
the  Atlanta  campaign  with  credit. 

Bruce,  S.  D.,  Kentucky.  Recruited  a  regiment.  In 
spector  General  of  Home  Guard.  He  had  a  part  in 
having  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland  established. 
Commanded  Smithland,  Ky.,  and  built  fortifications  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Cumberland  River.  Commanded  and  forti 
fied  Bowling  Green.  At  Pittsburg  Landing  his  brigade 
was  in  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  crossing  the  river  under 
fire  to  take  part.  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  clearing  the  Cum 
berland  River  of  obstructions.  He  forwarded  supplies 
and  troops  to  Thomas  in  the  Nashville  campaign. 

Buchanan,  Robert  C.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Defenses  of  Washington,  November  27th, 
1861,  to  March  10th,  1862.  Engaged  in  the  Peninsula 
campaign.  Before  Yorktown.  Seven  Days'  Battles.  At 
Games'  Mill  he  fought  fiercely  and  with  effect,  ground 
being  lost  and  regained.  Glendale.  Brave  at  Malvern 
Hill,  where  he  helped  drive  a  portion  of  the  Confederates 
from  the  battle-ground.  Main  infantry  rear-guard  leav 
ing  there.  At  Second  Bull  Run  he  rendered  stout  service 
on  the  left.  He  fought  hard  to  preserve  the  line  of  re 
treat.  Maryland  campaign.  At  Antietam  his  brigade  of 
regulars  reenforced  Pleasanton,  who  had  crossed  some  cav 
alry  and  batteries  over  Boonsboro  bridge.  Rappahannock 
campaign.  Showed  valor  and  merit  at  Fredericksburg. 
In  command  of  Fort  Delaware,  March  16th  to  April  14th, 
1863.  New  Orleans,  in  command  of  1st  Infantry,  De 
cember,  1864,  till  close  of  the  War.  An  accomplished 
infantry  officer. 

Buford,  John,  Jr.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Chief  of  artillery  to  a  corps.  Attached  to 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     287 

the  staff  of  Pope.  Kelly's  Ford,  August,  1862.  Thor 
oughfare  Gap,  August  28th,  1862.  Commanded  Pope's 
cavalry  in  Second  Bull  Run  campaign.  Wounded  at 
Second  Bull  Run.  Chief  of  cavalry  in  the  Maryland  cam 
paign.  South  Mountain.  Antietam.  Conspicuous  at 
Fredericksburg.  Raid  against  Richmond,  May,  1863. 
Beverly  Ford,  where  his  brigade  attacked  Confederates 
and  gained  ground.  Aldie.  Middleburg.  Upperville. 
Entered  Gettysburg  June  30th  and  Confederate  infantry 
withdrew.  He  took  possession  of  Gettysburg,  occupied 
Seminary  Ridge,  and  placed  cavalry  to  the  north  of 
Gettysburg.  July  1st,  he  took  position  on  McPherson's 
Ridge;  met  Hill's  advance,  and  sustained  the  fight,  using 
his  horse  artillery,  until  infantry  came.  Reported  massing 
of  Confederates  north  of  Gettysburg  and  approach  of 
others.  After  Federals  retreated  to  Seminary  Ridge,  he 
threw  cavalry  south  of  the  Fairfield  road.  He  held  Lane's 
brigade  on  Confederate  right  in  check  for  some  time. 
Covered  retreat  to  Cemetery  Hill.  Moving  out  and  form 
ing  for  the  charge,  he  delayed"  Confederates  to  form 
squares  in  echelon,  and  aided  the  escape  of  the  1st  corps. 
He  materially  assisted  in  forming  infantry  lines  on  Ceme 
tery  Hill.  Supported  the  center  and  about  4  p.  M.  was 
required  to  make  a  show  of  force  opposite  Confederate 
right.  His  services  at  Wolf's  hill  and  Round  Top  were 
conspicuous.  At  Williamsport  attacked  Imboden,  car 
rying  wounded  and  prisoners  to  Virginia.  Followed  Con 
federates  to  Warrenton,  Va.  He  covered  retrograde 
movement  of  the  army  to  Bull  Run,  October,  1863.  Bu- 
f ord  was  brave  and  made  a  name  as  a  cavalry  officer. 

Buford,  Napoleon  B.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  In  command  of  Cairo,  1861—2.  In  com 
mand  of  division  at  Jacinto,  June  to  September,  1862. 
Belmont.  Island  No.  10.  Commanded  its  garrison.  He 
captured  Union  City  by  surprise  after  a  forced  march. 
Fort  Pillow.  Advance  upon  Corinth.  Corinth,  October 
3d,  1862.  Operations  against  Vicksburg,  February,  1863. 


288      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

In  command  at  Columbus,  Ky.  Cairo,  March  to  Septem 
ber,  1863.  Helena,  September  12th,  1863,  to  March  9th, 
1865. 

Burbridge,  Stephen  G.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of 
Volunteers.  Raised  a  regiment.  Routed  Confederates  at 
Woodbury,  Ky.  Distinction  at  Shiloh.  Expedition 
against  Vicksburg.  Chickasaw  Bluffs.  At  Arkansas  Post 
his  men  were  swarming  over  the  intrenchments  when  the 
white  flag  was  raised.  He  was  among  the  first  to  enter 
Port  Gibson.  Champion's  Hill.  Big  Black  River. 
Vicksburg  assault,  May  19th,  1863.  Planted  colors  on 
the  slope  of  the  earthwork  at  Vicksburg  May  22d,  1863. 
During  the  Atlanta  campaign,  Kentucky  was  protected 
against  raiders  by  Burbridge.  In  May,  1864,  he  started 
for  Virginia  with  a  large  mounted  force.  On  Morgan's 
5th  raid  Burbridge  fell  upon  him  heavily  at  Cynthiana. 
Morgan,  defeated,  lost  half  his  command,  and  marched 
back  to  Virginia.  In  September,  1864,  Burbridge  ad 
vanced  through  eastern  Kentucky,  and  up  the  Big  Sandy 
River  upon  King's  salt  works.  He  was  opposed  at  Lib 
erty  Hall  by  Giltner,  and  Breckenridge  reached  Saltville 
works  first.  Burbridge  attacked,  was  repulsed,  and  fol 
lowed  to  the  Louisa  fork  of  the  Big  Sandy.  He  held  com 
mand  in  Thomas'  force  sent  against  Breckenridge  in  De 
cember,  1864.  In  command  of  District  of  Kentucky  un 
til  February  10th,  1865. 

Canby,  E.  R.  S.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Made  acting  brigadier  general  of  U.  S.  forces 
in  New  Mexico,  May,  1861.  In  command  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  New  Mexico,  November  9th,  1861,  to  September 
18th,  1862.  Defended  New  Mexico  against  Sibley's 
formidable  inroad  from  Texas,  at  Fort  Craig,  Valverde  and 
Peralta,  exhibiting  judgment,  courage  and  generalship. 
Apache  Canon,  Glorietta.  Canby  advanced  to  Albu 
querque,  and  the  Confederates  having  lost  their  wagon 
train  retreated  over  a  difficult  region,  suffering  privation, 
and  finally  moved  into  Texas,  His  courage,  skill  and 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     289 

judgment  did  much  to  successfully  suppress  the  draft  riots 
in  New  York.  In  command  of  the  City  and  Harbor  of 
New  York  to  November  15th,  1863.  In  command  of  the 
Military  Division  of  West  Mississippi,  extending  from 
Missouri  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  and  from  Texas 
to  Florida,  May  llth,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the  War.  He 
took  charge  of  the  Red  River  army  at  Atchafalaya  on  re 
treat  and  conducted  it  safely  to  New  Orleans.  The  latter 
part  of  July,  1864,  he  made  arrangements  to  cooperate 
with  Farragut  against  Mobile.  With  administrative  talent, 
he  well  organized  and  equipped  his  forces.  He  landed  a 
division  on  the  west  end  of  Dauphin  Island,  Mobile  Bay, 
August  3d,  and  prepared  to  besiege  Fort  Gaines.  His 
vigilance  prevented  trans-Mississippi  troops  from  joining 
Hood  during  the  Atlanta  campaign.  After  the  fall  of 
Atlanta,  he  intercepted  a  dispatch  from  President  Davis 
to  Kirby  Smith  and  Magruder  to  cross  the  Mississippi 
River  to  join  in  the  Tennessee  campaign.  He  prevented 
the  armies  west  of  the  river  from  crossing,  as  ordered,  first 
to  aid  Johnston  in  Georgia,  and  then  Hood  against 
Thomas,  by  holding  the  best  crossings  with  strong  detach 
ments,  and  keeping  a  floating  army,  in  conjunction  with 
the  gunboat  fleet,  in  constant  motion  up  and  down  the 
river.  Canby  moved  on  Mobile  in  two  columns.  He  was 
with  the  one  from  Dauphin  Island.  The  other  was  from 
Pensacola.  Laid  siege  to  Spanish  Fort  March  27th,  1865. 
Bombardment  of  Spanish  Fort,  April  8th,  by  90  land 
guns  and  all  vessels  within  range.  Lodgment  was  ef 
fected  in  the  evening  on  the  Confederate  right.  During 
the  night  the  garrison  retreated.  Canby  captured  500 
men  and  nearly  50  guns.  Fort  Blakely  was  taken  by  a 
general  assault  April  9th,  with  3,423  prisoners  and  more 
than  40  guns.  The  fleet  gained  the  rear  of  Mobile  by  the 
Blakely  and  Tensas  and  Canby's  men  crossed  the  Bay  un 
der  convoy.  Forts  Huger  and  Tracy  were  reduced  with 
the  aid  of  the  navy.  Canby  entered  Mobile  April  12th. 
The  capture  of  Mobile  was  a  signal  event.  Occupation  of 


290      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Mobile  and  of  Montgomery.  May  4th  he  received  the 
surrender  of  all  remaining  forces  east  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  May  26th  of  all  west  of  the  river. 

Candy,  Chas.,  Kentucky.  Cedar  Mountain.  Chancel- 
lorsville  campaign.  Gettysburg,  recapture  of  Gulp's 
Hill.  Chattanooga.  His  brigade,  with  other  troops,  as 
cended  the  mountain  at  Dug  Gap,  pushing  back  the  Con 
federates,  May  8th,  1864.  At  New  Hope  Church  his  bri 
gade  repulsed  its  antagonists ;  then,  with  other  troops, 
pushed  them  back  a  half  mile. 

Carr,  Overton,  District  of  Columbia.  Commanded 
Quaker  City,  South  Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron,  1861. 
Commanded  navy  yard,  Washington,  1864—5. 

Carroll,  S.  S.,  District  of  Columbia.  Brigadier  Gen 
eral  of  Volunteers.  Operations  in  West  Virginia,  Decem 
ber  7th,  1861,  to  May  23d,  1862.  Following  Jackson 
south  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  May— June,  1862.  At 
Kernstown  he  helped  cause  the  retirement  of  Jackson's 
advance  force  in  the  morning,  prior  to  the  regular  battle. 
It  was  Carroll's  brigade  which  reached  Port  Republic  June 
8th  and  had  encounter  with  Jackson's  vanguard.  At 
Port  Republic,  June  9th,  the  first  assault  was  repulsed  by 
Carroll.  Cedar  Mountain.  Wounded  in  skirmish  near 
the  Rapidan  River,  August  14th,  1862.  Fredericksburg. 
Rappahannock  campaign.  At  Chancellorsville  his  bri 
gade  and  another  attacked  Stuart's  flank  hard.  At  Get 
tysburg,  when  Early  carried  east  Cemetery  Hill,  he  was 
just  in  time  to  save  it.  He  was  dauntless  and  highly  use 
ful.  Bristoe  Station.  Mine  Run  operations,  November 
26th  to  December  3d,  1863.  Wilderness,  May  5th,  sup 
ported  Getty  on  the  plank  road.  Wounded,  he  stayed  on 
the  field.  Next  day  Anderson's  division  took  possession 
of  the  Federal  line  of  intrenchments,  but  Carroll's  bri 
gade,  at  a  double-quick,  drove  them  out.  He  struck  them 
in  flank.  Spotsylvania,  May  10th,  participating  in  as 
sault  upon  the  Confederate  line  northeast  of  the  Po.  He 
was  twice  wounded  in  the  battles  of  Spotsylvania,  and  dis- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

abled  for  further  active  service  in  the  field.  In  temporary 
command  of  the  Department  of  West  Virginia,  February- 
March,  1865.  Carroll's  merit  during  the  War  was  recog 
nized. 

Carter,  John  C.,  Virginia.  Commodore.  Commanded 
steamer  Michigan  on  the  Great  Lakes  in  1862-1864. 

Carter,  Samuel  P.,  Tennessee.  Major  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Organized  a  Tennessee  brigade.  He  fought  well 
at  Wild  Cat,  Ky.  Mill  Spring.  Occupation  of  Cumber 
land  Gap,  June  18th,  1862.  He  commanded  a  brigade  in 
the  successful  retirement  therefrom  to  the  Ohio  River.  In 
December,  1862,  he  crossed  the  mountains  from  Kentucky 
into  east  Tennessee,  and  destroyed  the  railroad  and 
bridges  between  the  Virginia  line  and  Knoxville.  This  raid 
was  attended  with  valuable  results,  from  the  relief  it  af 
forded  the  army  pressed  at  Murfreesboro,  and  it  stimu 
lated  cavalry  commands  generally.  Dutton's  Hill.  At 
Monticello  he  attacked  Pegram's  men,  and  drove  them  with 
heavy  loss.  Holston.  Carter's  Station.  Beaver  Dam. 
West's.  Had  advance  cavalry  division  when  east  Tennes 
see  was  occupied,  August  and  September,  1863.  He  de 
feated  Morgan's  forces  near  Emory  and  Smith's  at  Loudon. 
At  Big  Creek  he  was  attacked  and  most  of  his  command 
was  captured.  Siege  and  Battle  of  Knoxville.  Defeated 
Confederates  at  Jonesville.  He  commanded  a  division  in 
the  march  through  the  Carolinas.  Assigned  to  command 
of  a  division  in  the  district  of  New  Bern.  Commanded 
left  wing  at  Kinston,  baffling  Bragg.  Commanded  23d 
corps.  Occupied  Goldsboro,  driving  out  the  Confederates. 

Chambliss,  William  P.,  Virginia.  Bull  Run  and 
Peninsula  campaigns.  Daring  at  Hanover  C.  H.  At 
Games'  Mill  he  led  the  cavalry  charge  after  the  rout, 
which  stopped  the  Confederate  rush.  He  was  struck  by 
seven  balls. 

Chapman,  William,  Maryland.  Defenses  of  Washing 
ton.  Peninsula  campaign.  Before  Yorktown.  He  com 
manded  a  brigade  of  regulars  in  the  Seven  Days'  Battles. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Malvern  Hill.  He  fought  bravely  and  well  at  Second  Bull 
Run. 

Chetlain,  A.  L.,  Missouri.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Occupation  of  Paducah.  Commanded  post  and 
forces  of  Smithland,  Ky.  Participated  in  the  movement 
on  Fort  Henry.  Fort  Donelson.  Shiloh.  Prominent  at 
Corinth.  He  commanded  the  post  of  Corinth.  In  com 
mand  of  post  and  forces  of  Memphis  from  October,  1864. 
He  recruited  and  organized  colored  troops  of  Tennessee 
and  Kentucky,  raising  a  force  of  17,000  of  them. 

Clay,  Cassius  M.,  Kentucky.  Volunteers  under  him 
added  to  the  small  force  of  regulars  under  Scott  constituted 
the  defensive  force  at  Washington  during  the  week  it  was 
cut  off  from  the  North.  He  enrolled  them  with  dispatch 
and  caution.  Minister  to  Russia,  serving  in  influence  to 
ward  the  support  of  the  Russian  government  for  the  Lin 
coln  administration. 

Cockerill,  Jos.  R.,  Virginia.  Commanded  a  detached 
brigade  during  the  Vicksburg  campaign.  Chattanooga. 

Colwell,  Stephen,  Virginia.  Strong  Federal  supporter 
during  the  War. 

Con  way,  Moncure  D.,  Virginia.  Delivered  beneficial  ad 
dresses  in  England. 

Cooke,  P.  St.  George,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  U. 
S.  Army.  Commanded  the  regular  cavalry  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  during  the  Peninsula  campaign.  Before 
Yorktown.  Williamsburg,  May  4—5.  Just  before  the 
Seven  Days'  Battles,  he  reported  Jackson's  advance. 
Commanding  the  cavalry  north  of  the  Chickahominy  he 
reported,  June  26th,  that  Jackson  was  coming  against  the 
flank.  At  Games'  Mill,  when  the  army  fled  from  the  field, 
Cooke  instantly  advanced  to  support  three  reserve  batter 
ies.  He  charged  to  bring  them  off  safe.  He  directed  their 
effective  firing.  The  Confederates  halted,  and  that  wing 
of  the  army,  with  the  flooded  river  and  swamp  close  in  its 
rear,  was  extricated.  He  guarded  the  rear  while  the  right 
wing  crossed.  Cooke  destroyed  the  Chickahominy  bridge. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     293 

He  was  the  last  general  officer  to  leave  the  field.  In  com 
mand  of  the  remnant  of  the  cavalry  division  present  in 
the  retreat  from  Savage  Station  to  Harrison's  Landing. 
Glendale.  In  command  of  Baton  Rouge  District,  October 
13th,  1863,  to  May,  1864.  General  superintendent  of  the 
recruiting  service  of  the  army,  May  24th,  1864,  to  the 
end  of  the  War. 

Cooper,  James,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Took  command  of  all  the  volunteers  in  Maryland 
and  organized  them  into  regiments.  Defense  of  Harper's 
Ferry,  May  26th  to  30th,  1862.  In  command  of  Camp 
Chase. 

Cooper,  Joseph  A.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Was  in  the  march  through  Georgia.  After 
the  battle  of  Franklin,  his  brigade  reached  Nashville  after  a 
narrow  escape.  At  Nashville,  his  brigade  lost  more  than 
the  losses  of  the  rest  of  the  23rd  corps  during  the  two 
days'  battle,  when  he  made  a  charge  on  the  Federal  right 
and  met  a  force  intended  for  a  counter-blow.  In  com 
mand  of  a  division  in  the  Carolina  campaign. 

Corbin,  Thos.  G.,  Virginia.  Commander.  Attached  to 
the  steamer  Wabash  of  the  South  Atlantic  Blockading 
Squadron,  1861—3.  Port  Royal,  ably  aiding  in  the  cap 
ture  of  Forts  Beauregard  and  Walker.  In  command  of 
flag-ship  W abash,  1862-3.  Steamer  Augusta  North  At 
lantic  Blockading  Squadron,  1864-5. 

Corwin,  Thos.,  Kentucky.  Minister  to  Mexico,  1861— 
1864. 

Craven,  Thomas  T.,  District  of  Columbia.  Commodore. 
In  command  of  Potomac  flotilla  from  June  27th,  1861. 
Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip.  Finding  the  Hartford 
hard  aground,  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  forts,  he  kept 
alongside  in  the  Brooklyn  to  divert  the  fire  until  the  Hart 
ford  could  get  away.  Silenced  Fort  St.  Philip  in  pass 
ing  it.  Passed  Fort  Jackson.  Became  entangled,  and 
when  attacked  by  ram  Manassas  and  a  steamer,  he  used 
up  the  steamer.  He  passed  up  the  river,  engaging  sev- 


294      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

eral  gunboats.  Cool  and  indifferent  to  danger.  Chalmette 
batteries.  Capture  of  New  Orleans  and  subsequent  op 
erations  on  the  Mississippi.  Engagement  with  Vicksburg 
batteries  June  28th,  1862,  and  other  engagements  along 
the  Mississippi  up  to  and  including  Vicksburg,  July,  1863. 
In  1862  placed  in  command  of  the  Niagara,,  and  served 
along  the  coasts  of  England  and  France  the  latter  part  of 
the  War.  Commanding  Niagara,  he  followed  iron-screw 
steamer  Georgia,  commerce-destroyer,  out  of  Liverpool, 
and  seized  her  outside  of  Lisbon. 

Crittenden,  E.  W.,  Kentucky.  Commanded  a  brigade  in 
the  Atlanta  campaign. 

Crittenden,  Thos.  L.,  Kentucky,  Major  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  In  command  of  the  5th  division,  Army  of  the 
Ohio,  from  December  3d,  1861.  Gallant  and  effective 
at  Shiloh  the  second  day,  commanding  left  wing  of  the 
Army  of  the  Ohio.  In  September,  1862,  given  command 
of  one  of  the  three  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio.  Perry- 
ville.  He  suspended  movement  to  occupy  Murfreesboro 
after  finding,  through  prisoners,  that  Breckenridge's  corps 
was  present.  Stone  River  —  moved  early  toward  Bragg' s 
right  wing,  which  kept  Breckenridge  from  adding  to  the 
mass  which  later  bore  back  the  right  and  center.  His 
corps  maintained  its  position.  He  rode  heroically  for 
hours  along  his  lines  under  deadly  fire.  Held  the  ford  to 
keep  Bragg  from  flanking  the  left.  He  sent  supports  to 
Thomas  and  aligned  with  him  in  the  last  position.  Ex 
erted  himself  in  placing  troops  to  hold  the  key-point.  At 
night,  he  was  opposed  to  retreat.  January  2d,  when  Con 
federates  had  driven  Federals  who  were  east  of  Stone 
River,  he  ordered  artillery  to  cover  the  retreat,  which  they 
did  effectually.  Hoover's  Gap.  Occupied  Chattanooga, 
September  9th,  1863.  He  made  dispositions  for  defense 
September  13th :  reconnoitered  toward  Lafayette  and  drove 
Confederates  three  miles,  which  disconcerted  Polk  and  pre 
vented  him  from  an  attack  which  would  have  caught  the 
army  at  great  disadvantage.  Chickamauga,  September 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     295 

19th  —  he  sent  supports  to  Thomas.  Moved  troops  to  fill 
a  gap  between  him  and  Thomas.  In  command  of  a  di 
vision,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  1864.  North  Anna.  Cold 
Harbor. 

Crittenden,  Thomas  T.,  Alabama.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Philippi.  Arriving  only  the  day  before  to 
take  command,  he  faced  Forrest  and  was  defeated  at  Mur- 
freesboro  July  13th,  1862,  being  captured.  Released  in 
October,  he  was  in  the  War  till  May  5th,  1863. 

Crosman,  A.  F.,  Missouri.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  Somerset  in  1862,  and  Wabash,  1863-4. 
Two  engagements  with  battery  Marshall  on  the  east  end 
of  Sullivan's  Island.  Engagement  with  Fort  Pringle  on 
Stono  River.  Cooperated  with  the  army  on  Stono 
River  several  times,  engaging  Fort  Lamar  once.  He  was 
with  naval  brigade  on  expedition  to  sever  the  railroad 
from  Charleston  to  Savannah.  Honey  Hill.  Deveaux 
Creek. 

Cross,  Osborne,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Chief  Quartermaster,  Army  of  the  Mississippi, 
Pittsburg  Landing,  April  13th  to  June  13th,  1862. 
Deputy  Quartermaster  General,  February  26th,  1863. 

Croxton,  John  T.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  At  Chickamauga,  19th,  posted  to  the  left, 
he  advanced  and  encountered  Forrest's  cavalry,  who  called 
up  infantry.  Drove  Confederates  about  a  half  mile.  He 
was  heavily  engaged,  but  stood  fast.  Efficacious  in  de 
feat  of  effort  to  turn  Reynolds'  right  and  rear,  arriving 
just  in  time.  On  the  20th,  he  was  wounded  and  his  bri 
gade  suffered  greatly.  In  the  fall  of  1864,  Croxton  com 
manded  one  of  the  four  columns  converged  against  For 
rest,  who  was  moving  against  posts  and  communications 
in  Tennessee  of  the  combined  armies  around  Atlanta.  He 
reported  Hood's  crossing  of  the  Tennessee  River  in  ad 
vance  on  Nashville.  He  led  his  brigade  of  only  1,000 
against  Confederates,  and  then  posted  it  for  observation. 
Helped  drive  cavalry  back  upon  infantry  at  Florence. 


296      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

He  was  driven  across  Shoal  Creek  by  Hood's  advance. 
Helped  cover  the  retirement  from  Pulaski  to  Columbia, 
having  a  severe  fight  at  the  junction  of  the  roads  to 
Pulaski  and  Campbellsville,  maintaining  his  position.  Re 
ported  appearance  of  Confederate  cavalry  on  the  Duck 
River,  east  of  Columbia.  With  cavalry,  he  covered  the 
retreat  from  Spring  Hill  with  skill.  Franklin  —  pushed 
back  by  infantry  on  the  Lewisburg  pike,  he  resisted  until 
£  P.  M.,  then  crossed  the  river  and  resisted  Forrest. 
Helped  force  Chalmers  back  across  the  river.  Forrest  was 
held  in  check  during  the  day  and  night.  He  exhibited 
valor  and  merit.  At  Nashville,  December  15th,  he  was 
valiant,  covering  and  relieving  the  right  and  rear.  In  pur 
suit  of  the  routed  army  next  evening,  having  an  encounter. 
At  Buford  Station,  while  the  Confederate  rear-guard,  in 
fantry  and  cavalry,  were  confronted  and  engaged,  Crox- 
ton  struck  the  flank,  captured  a  number  of  prisoners,  and 
drove  the  cavalry.  December  25th,  after  Forrest  had 
driven  back  skirmishers  and  captured  a  gun,  Croxton  and 
others  fell  upon  his  flank  and  drove  him.  He  won  honor 
in  the  campaign  from  the  Tennessee  River  to  Macon,  Ga. 
His  brigade  was  detached  at  Elyton  to  move  on  Tusca- 
loosa.  He  struck  the  rear-guard  of  a  division  marching 
from  Tuscaloosa  toward  the  main  Federal  force  and  in 
terposed  between  it  and  its  train.  Bridgeville.  Captured 
Tuscaloosa.  He  marched  separately  653  miles,  and  joined 
the  main  force  safely  at  Macon.  He  had  destroyed  five 
large  iron-works  and  large  supplies,  and  had  taken  four 
guns.  He  was  given  the  instructions  under  which  Presi 
dent  Davis  was  captured. 

Curtis,  William  B.,  Maryland.  Shenandoah  campaign, 
1864.  Commanded  a  brigade  at  Cedar  Creek.  Cam 
paign  against  Petersburg.  Did  valiant  work  in  the  cap 
ture  of  Fort  Gregg.  Commanded  a  brigade  in  the  Ap- 
pomattox  campaign.  He  performed  faithful  and  efficient 
service  during  the  War. 

Cuyler,  John  M.,  Georgia.     Brigadier  General  U.   S. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     297 

Army.  Lieutenant  Colonel  medical  inspector.  As  senior 
medical  officer  at  Fort  Henry  during  the  first  years  of  the 
War,  his  services  were  of  much  value  in  organizing  the 
medical  department  of  the  armies  congregated  there. 

Dandy,  George  B.,  Georgia.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Captures  of  Folly  Island,  Morris  Island  and 
Fort  Wagner.  Port  Walthall  Junction.  Drewry's 
Bluff.  Deep  Bottom.  Deep  Run.  Fussell's  Mills. 
Operations  around  Petersburg.  In  command  of  a  brigade 
taking  a  prominent  part  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Gregg. 
Appomattox  C.  H. 

Davenport,  Henry  K.,  Georgia.  Commander.  At 
tached  to  the  Cumberland.  From  1861  to  1864  he  com 
manded  steamer  Hetzel.  Engaged  in  naval  fight  on  James 
River  in  1861.  Commanded  one  of  the  three  divisions  at 
Hatteras  Inlet.  Commanded  the  Hetzel  and  five  gun 
boats  at  Roanoke  Island.  New  Bern.  Senior  officer  in 
command  of  the  Sounds  of  North  Carolina,  June,  1862, 
to  June,  1864,  and  accompanied  the  army  on  expeditions 
wherever  gunboats  could  go.  Elizabeth  City.  Destruc 
tion  of  Confederate  naval  force  in  the  Sounds.  Defense  of 
Fort  Anderson,  and  repulse  of  Pettigrew.  Investment  of 
Washington,  N.  C.  Defense  of  New  Bern  and  repulse 
of  Hoke. 

Davidson,  John  W.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Defenses  of  Washington  from  beginning  of 
the  War  to  February,  1862.  Williamsburg.  Lee's 
Mills.  Mechanicsville  occupation  May  24th,  1862. 
Brave  at  Games'  Mills.  Savage  Station.  White  Oak 
Bridge.  Glendale.  Courageous  at  Golding's  Farm.  In 
command  of  St.  Louis,  District  of  Missouri,  February  23d 
to  June  6th,  1863,  directing  the  movement  of  the  troops 
of  the  District  at  Pilot  Knob,  Fredericktown  and  Cape 
Girardeau,  and  pursuit  of  Confederates  during  Marma- 
duke's  raid  into  Missouri  in  April,  1863.  In  command  at 
Brownsville,  Ark.  In  command  at  assault  and  capture  of 
Bayou  Metre,  Ark.  In  command  at  Ashley's  Mills.  He 


298      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

moved  south  from  Missouri  and  joined  the  troops  at 
White  River,  Ark.,  in  the  campaign  against  Little  Rock. 
His  6,000  cavalry  had  been  taught  as  dragoons.  Fought 
at  Bayou  Fourches,  5  miles  from  Little  Rock.  Batteries 
on  the  north  bank  aided  him.  After  a  sharp  struggle  of 
two  hours  the  Confederates  fell  back.  His  crossing  of  the 
Arkansas  River  had  been  resisted.  Price  evacuated  Lit 
tle  Rock,  on  account  of  Davidson's  turning  his  position, 
and  Federals  captured  the  city.  In  charge  of  Western 
Division  Cavalry  Bureau  March  llth  to  June,  1864. 
Chief  of  Cavalry,  Military  Division  of  West  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  River,  June  26th,  1864.  In  command  of  cavalry 
expedition  from  Baton  Rouge  to  Pascagoula,  November 
24th,  1864.  He  moved  from  Baton  Rouge  to  Tan- 
gipahoa,  where  he  broke  up  the  railroad,  destroying 
bridges,  etc. ;  pushed  on  to  Franklinton  and  West  Pas 
cagoula,  taking  some  prisoners,  and  creating  alarm  for 
the  safety  of  Mobile.  In  command  of  Second  Cavalry, 
March  6th,  1865,  to  the  end. 

Davis,  B.  F.,  Alabama.  Engaged  before  Yorktown. 
Williamsburg.  Defense  of  Harper's  Ferry,  from  which 
he  cut  his  way  through  Confederate  lines,  and  reached 
Greencastle,  Pa.  Commanded  a  brigade  at  Antietam. 
Belle  Plain  and  vicinity.  He  was  killed  while  command 
ing  a  brigade  at  Beverly  Ford. 

De  Krafft,  J.  C.  P.,  District  of  Columbia.  Commanded 
Niagara  in  assault  on  Fort  McRae.  Commanded  Cone- 
maugh,  Fort  Powell,  Mobile  Bay. 

Denison,  A.  W.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Recruited  a  Maryland  regiment.  Laurel  Hill. 
Daring  at  White  Oak  Ridge,  where  he  was  wounded. 
Fought  with  merit  at  the  Wilderness  and  Spotsylvania. 
Campaign  against  Petersburg  and  Richmond.  He  com 
manded  a  brigade  in  the  Appomattox  campaign. 

Dent,  Fred  T.,  Missouri.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  His  services  were  of  merit  at  the  Wilderness  and 
in  front  of  Petersburg. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     299 

Denver,  J.  W.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Served  in  the  western  States,  August  14th,  1861, 
to  March  5th,  1863. 

Donaldson,  Edward,  Maryland.  Commander.  Com 
manded  the  Sciota  in  the  bombardment  and  passage  of 
Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  setting  fire  to  two  steam 
boats.  Passed  Vicksburg  June  28th,  1862.  Attack  on 
Vicksburg.  Commanded  Keystone  State,  North  Atlantic 
Squadron,  1864.  Commanded  Seminole  in  the  battle  of 
Mobile  Bay. 

Donaldson,  Jas.  L.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  U. 
S.  Army.  Commanded  District  of  Santa  Fe,  December 
26th,  1861,  to  March  9th,  1862.  At  Valverde  saved  his 
trains,  indispensable  to  the  security  of  New  Mexico.  No 
vember  10th,  1863,  he  became  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the 
Department  of  the  Cumberland,  and  had  to  provide  the 
army  besieged  at  Chattanooga  with  supplies  to  maintain  its 
position.  Upon  him  depended  the  forwarding  from 
Nashville  of  nearly  all  of  the  material  for  the  Atlanta 
campaign  and  March  to  the  Sea.  He  thoroughly 
drilled,  organized  and  disciplined  his  quartermaster  and 
commissary  forces  as  soldiers,  with  which,  as  a  division,  he 
did  valiant  service  at  Nashville. 

Douglass,  Jos.  B.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Enrolled  Missouri  State  Militia,  September  1st,  1863,  to 
March  12th,  1865. 

Drayton,  Percival,  South  Carolina.  Commander.  Com 
manded  the  PocaTiontas  in  the  capture  of  Port  Royal.  Ex 
pedition  in  St.  Helena  Sound.  Reconnoissance  of  North 
Edisto  River.  Engaged  in  the  passage  of  Forts  Jackson 
and  St.  Philip.  Pawnee.  With  the  Passaic,  Patapsco  and 
Xahant  he  engaged  Fort  McAllister.  Fernandina.  He 
took  possession  of  Fort  Clinch,  the  first  United  States  fort 
retaken.  Bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter,  April  7th,  1863, 
and  other  operations  of  the  South  Atlantic  Squadron  be 
tween  January  and  July,  1863.  Fleet  commander  of  the 
West  Gulf  Squadron.  Commanded  Hartford  and  fleet 


300      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

captain  at  the  Battle  of  Mobile  Bay,  with  high  service. 
He  was  brave  and  able,  and  a  good  organizer  and  admin 
istrator  of  detail.  He  fought  with  energy,  devotion  and 
zeal. 

Duval,  I.  H.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Fought  at  Opequon  with  valor  and  merit.  He 
performed  courageous  and  worthy  service  in  the  War. 

Dyer,  A.  B.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Army. 
Chief  of  Ordnance,  U.  S.  Army.  In  command  of  Spring 
field  armory,  August  22d,  1861,  to  September  12th,  1864, 
he  largely  extended  its  machinery  for  increasing  the  manu 
facture  of  small  arms.  He  invented  a  projectile  for  can 
non. 

Easton,  L.  C.,  Missouri.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Chief  Quartermaster  Army  of  the  Cumberland  in 
the  field  December  15th,  1863,  to  May  4th,  1864.  Pres 
ent  at  the  operations  of  the  campaign  from  Chattanooga 
to  Atlanta,  and  to  the  end  of  the  War.  Chief  quarter 
master  of  the  armies  in  the  Atlanta  campaign. 

Edwards,  John,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Commanded  a  brigade  in  the  march  from  Lit 
tle  Rock  to  join  the  Red  River  expedition,  the  march  be 
ing  opposed  by  Price  with  cavalry. 

Ellet,  Chas.  R.,  District  of  Columbia.  In  command  of 
steam  ram  expedition,  1862.  Commanded  Queen  of  the 
West  in  Red  River  cruise.  He  burnt  three  steamers,  re 
turned  and  captured  two.  Commanded  the  Monarch  at 
Arkansas  Post,  January  10th— llth,  1863,  and  helped  cut 
off  retreat  by  the  ferry.  Passed  Vicksburg  batteries  south 
the  night  of  February  3d,  1863.  Commanded  Queen  of 
the  West  in  movement  toward  Vicksburg.  Commanded 
Switzerland  in  passage  of  Port  Hudson,  March  14th  and 
15th,  1863 ;  passage  of  Vicksburg,  March  25th,  1863,  and 
siege  of  Vicksburg.  He  was  in  the  passage  of  Grand 
Gulf. 

Emory,  W.  H.,  Maryland.  Major  General  of  Volun 
teers.  In  command  of  the  troops  at  Forts  Cobb,  Smith, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      801 

Washita  and  Arbuckle,  I.  T.,  at  the  beginning  of  the  War, 
which  he  concentrated  at  Arbuckle.  He  captured  advance 
guard  of  Confederate  Texas  forces,  and  safely  reached 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  May  31st.  Defenses  of  Wash 
ington,  August  16th,  1861,  to  March  10th,  1862.  Be 
fore  Yorktown.  Williamsburg.  At  Hanover  C.  H.  he 
commanded  cavalry  with  some  artillery,  participating  in 
dislodging  Confederates,  and  clearing  the  army's  right 
flank,  Confederates  suffering  loss.  He  fought  with 
bravery  and  credit.  Seven  Days'  Battles.  Harrison's 
Landing.  In  command  of  the  defenses  of  Yorktown, 
August— September,  1862.  Organized  infantry  division 
at  Baltimore,  October— November,  1862.  With  the  army 
in  Louisiana  in  1863.  Attack  on  Port  Hudson,  March 
13th,  1863,  reaching  the  rear  of  Port  Hudson.  Camp 
Bisland.  Irish  Bend.  Emory's  division  and  another  were 
left  to  hold  Taylor  in  position,  while  a  third  tried  to  gain 
Taylor's  rear.  Taylor  fell  back,  was  attacked  next  day, 
and  1,800  Confederates  were  captured.  Defense  of  New 
Orleans.  In  June  Taylor  created  alarm  for  the  safety 
of  New  Orleans,  appearing  near  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Mississippi.  Emory,  in  command  at  New  Orleans,  as 
sured  its  safety.  Donaldsonville.  Red  River  campaign, 
December,  1863,  to  July,  1864.  Pleasant  Grove  - 
when  troops  ahead  were  driven  back  from  Sabine  Cross 
Roads,  Emory  was  advancing.  He  met  the  routed  troops 
at  Pleasant  Grove.  His  men  forced  their  way  through 
the  fugitives  and  formed.  He  was  attacked  quickly,  Tay 
lor  pressing  heavily  on  his  right,  but  McMillan  was 
brought  up  and  the  pursuit  was  checked  about  night.  His 
skill  and  the  valor  and  discipline  of  his  troops  were  ef 
ficacious.  He  displayed  unwonted  bravery.  He  fell  back 
at  midnight,  and  covered  the  retreat  of  fifteen  miles  next 
day  to  Pleasant  Hill.  He  took  position  there.  Confed 
erates  attempted  to  turn  the  Federal  right,  and  his  third 
brigade  was  moved  to  that  flank,  which  later  was  heavily 
struck.  Taylor  attacked  the  Federal  left.  Emory's 


302      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

other  brigades  were  forced  back.  The  Confederates  were 
driven  in  turn.  Emory  ordered  a  charge  of  McMillan's 
brigade  which  was  of  vital  consequence.  Emory  was  in 
command  of  the  troops  engaged.  The  Federals  held  the 
field  till  night,  then  fell  back.  At  Cane  River,  Emory, 
commanding  the  army,  sent  a  force  to  ford  the  river  three 
miles  above  the  ferry  and  turn  Bee's  left  flank,  while 
Emory  engaged  him  in  front.  This  was  successfully  done, 
carrying  the  position,  and  Bee  was  driven  off,  clearing  the 
way  for  the  army  to  march  back  to  Alexandria.  In  com 
mand  of  the  19th  corps.  Marksville.  In  command  of 
U.  S.  Federal  forces  at  Morganzia,  June,  1864.  Defense 
of  Washington,  Early  appearing  before  the  works  there 
July  llth,  1864.  Some  of  Emory's  division  arrived  in 
defense  before  2  p.  M.  He  defended  the  city  that  day 
and  the  next,  Early  retiring  at  night.  Following  Early 
from  Washington  to  the  Shenandoah,  August,  1864. 
Commanding  the  19th  corps,  he  fought  with  bravery  and 
merit  in  the  Shenandoah  campaign,  August— November, 
1864.  Opequon  —  Emory  crossed,  broke  the  first  line  of 
Early's  left,  and  threw  it  into  confusion.  Fisher's  Hill  — 
by  night  he  and  others  were  on  the  heights  of  Strasburg. 
At  Cedar  Creek  he  held  the  center.  When  the  left  wing 
was  quickly  routed,  he  attempted  unsuccessfully  to  form 
a  line.  His  corps  repulsed  the  first  appearance  in  their 
front.  When  the  Confederates  reached  their  rear,  they 
broke  to  the  west,  and  retreated  north  a  mile  and  a  half. 
Then  he  formed  a  line.  Under  orders  he  fell  back  an 
other  mile  and  prepared  for  action.  The  Confederates 
charged  him  unsuccessfully.  In  the  afternoon  the  Fed 
erals  took  the  offensive,  and  Emory's  corps  broke  Gordon's 
line  on  the  extreme  Confederate  left.  Early's  end  brigade 
was  not  in  touch  with  the  next.  Emory's  troops  envel 
oped  the  Confederate  left,  drove  it  back,  and  the  Federals 
reached  their  morning  camp.  In  permanent  command  of 
the  19th  corps,  November  7th,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      303 

War.  Emory  was  a  thorough  soldier,  resourceful  and 
dauntless.  He  had  the  capacity  to  command. 

Evans,  Andrew  W.,  Maryland.  Was  brave  and  useful 
at  Valverde.  He  commanded  a  cavalry  brigade  in  the 
campaign  around  Petersburg.  Cavalry  action  at  Ap- 
pomattox  C.  H. 

Fairfax,  Donald  McN.,  Virginia.  Commander.  Board 
ing  of  Trent  and  taking  Mason  and  Slidell  therefrom. 
Commanded  Cciyuga,  Nantucket  and  Montauk.  In  com 
mand  of  naval  forces  between  New  Orleans  and  Port  Hud 
son  in  1862,  cooperating  with  the  army  at  Donaldsonville. 
Pursuing  the  Arkansas  was  in  sight  when  she  was  set  on 
fire.  Operations  of  South  Atlantic  Squadron  between 
January  and  July,  1863.  Commanded  Nantucket  in  the 
attack  on  the  outer  forts  of  Charleston  Harbor,  April  7th, 
1863.  He  commanded  the  Montauk  in  the  attack  on  Fort 
Wagner,  July  10th,  1863.  Operations  before  Charles 
ton  until  August  25th,  1863. 

Farragut,  David  G.,  Tennessee.  Vice  Admiral.  Sailed 
from  Fortress  Monroe  carrying  an  army  for  New  Orleans, 
February  25th,  1862.  He  assumed  command  of  the 
West  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron.  Passage  of  Forts 
Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  above  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi, 
in  wooden  ships.  A  fire  raft  was  pushed  against  his  flag 
ship,  the  Hartford,  and  she  struck  a  shoal.  Eleven  Con 
federate  vessels  were  destroyed.  Hartford  was  in  the  first 
brunt  in  the  passage  of  the  Chalmette  batteries.  Farragut 
captured  New  Orleans.  Took  Forts  Jackson  and  St. 
Philip.  He  captured  Baton  Rouge  and  Natchez.  Vicks- 
burg  was  beset,  and  the  Vicksburg  batteries  were  passed. 
He  bombarded  Vicksburg  from  June  26th,  1862.  June 
28th  in  the  Hartford,  with  six  other  vessels,  he  ran  the 
batteries  and  joined  the  other  fleet  above  Vicksburg.  He 
repassed  the  batteries,  attacking  the  Arkansas  in  passing. 
He  was  blockading  in  the  Gulf  during  1862.  Captured 
Corpus  Christi,  Sabine  Pass  and  Galveston.  After  Ma- 


304      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

gruder  recaptured  Galveston  and  captured  the  Harriet 
Lane,  Farragut  reestablished  the  blockade  before  the  Har 
riet  Lane  could  be  converted  into  a  Confederate  cruiser. 
From  January,  1863,  he  was  employed  in  conjunction  with 
the  army  in  forcing  a  way  into  the  interior  of  Louisiana. 
Ran  by  Port  Hudson,  the  Hartford  leading,  and  estab 
lished  communication  with  the  upper  Mississippi  fleet  and 
with  the  army  operating  against  Vicksburg.  He  reached 
the  mouth  of  the  Red  River,  and  blockaded  it  till  May  2d. 
He  gave  the  navy  command  of  Red  River,  and  enabled  the 
Federals  to  turn  Port  Hudson  from  the  west  by  the 
Atchafalaya.  Engaged  the  batteries  at  Port  Hudson. 
He  passed  Grand  Gulf  with  three  gunboats.  Destroyed 
Confederate  gunboats  and  prevented  supplies  from  reach 
ing  Port  Hudson  during  its  investment.  Maintained  com 
munications  for  the  army  operating  against  Port  Hudson. 
Farragut's  command  up  to  May,  1863,  included  the  Mis 
sissippi  River  as  far  as  Vicksburg,  and  all  its  tributaries 
below,  and  the  coasts  from  Pensacola  to  the  west  boundary 
of  Texas.  He  sent  expedition  up  the  Red  River,  co 
operating  with  the  army,  in  the  spring  of  1863.  Captured 
Alexandria.  After  May  7th  he  operated  against  Port 
Hudson  from  below.  Participated  from  the  river  in  the 
army  assaults  on  Port  Hudson  May  27th  and  June  14th, 
1863.  Assisted  in  investment  of  Port  Hudson,  bombard 
ing  daily,  and  in  its  capture.  Attack  on  Donaldsonville 
was  repulsed  by  Farragut's  gunboats,  which  fought  hard. 
He  kept  before  Mobile  from  the  beginning  of  1864  to  its 
capture.  Made  a  reconnoissance  of  Forts  Gaines  and 
Morgan,  Mobile  Harbor.  Attacked  Fort  Powell,  Mobile 
Harbor,  from  February  22d  to  March  2d,  1864.  At  the 
Battle  of  Mobile  Bay,  Farragut  had  the  forts,  torpedoes, 
formidable  iron-clad  Tennessee  and  three  gunboats  to  con 
tend  with.  The  Confederate  vessels,  in  position  across  the 
entrance  to  the  Bay,  raked  fore  and  aft,  doing  great  dam 
age.  A  monitor  having  been  sunk  by  a  torpedo,  Far 
ragut  passed  to  the  head  of  the  wooden  vessels,  going  over 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      305 

torpedo  ground.  He  passed  Forts  Gaines  and  Morgan. 
The  Selma  raked  his  flag-ship,  the  Hartford,  fore  and  aft. 
The  Gaines  was  crippled  by  the  Hartford,  ran  aground 
and  was  set  on  fire.  The  Selma  was  captured.  The  fleet 
passed  the  forts  and  anchored  in  the  deep  water  of  the 
Bay.  Later  the  Tennessee  attacked  the  fleet.  Vessels  of 
the  fleet  fired  broadsides  and  attempted  to  ram  her.  She 
made  for  the  Hartford.  The  two  slid  against  each  other. 
A  shot  cut  the  Tennessee's  rudder  and  she  could  be  steered 
no  longer.  She  surrendered.  280  prisoners  were  taken 
with  the  Tennessee  and  Selma.  Fort  Powell  was  evacuated 
that  night.  He  attacked  Fort  Morgan  after  that,  bom 
barding  daily.  Heavily  bombarded  it  August  22d,  dis 
abling  all  but  two  of  its  guns.  The  garrison  of  400  men 
surrendered  with  the  Fort  next  day.  Farragut's  entrance 
into  Mobile  Harbor  obviated  having  the  army  around  At 
lanta  move  against  Mobile.  104  guns  and  1,464  men  were 
taken  in  the  operations.  The  battle  stopped  blockade-run 
ning  into  Mobile.  The  victory  served  especially  in  the 
critical  campaign  for  the  presidency  then  waging.  Far- 
ragut  had  a  temporary  command  in  James  River,  where 
he  was  stationed  at  the  time  of  the  fall  of  Richmond. 
Farragut  had  quickness  of  perception  and  resolution  in  the 
midst  of  conflict.  His  work  on  the  water  was  of  permeat 
ing  value.  His  victories  have  place  among  the  great  naval 
exploits  of  the  world. 

Farrar,  Bernard  G.,  Missouri.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Commanded  a  brigade  in  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg. 

Fillebroun,  T.  Scott,  District  of  Columbia.  Lieutenant 
Commander.  Commanded  Chenango.  Commanded  Pas- 
saic  against  Fort  Sumter  in  May,  1864.  Mont  auk,  op 
erating  against  Battery  Pringle  in  Stono  River,  July, 
1864.  Sonoma,  Tagodo  River,  engagement  with  batter 
ies,  February,  1865.  Bull's  Bay  expedition,  followed  by 
the  fall  of  Charleston. 

Fletcher,    Thos.    C.,   Missouri.     Brigadier    General    of 


306      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Volunteers.  Recruited  one  Missouri  regiment  and  or 
ganized  two  more.  Wounded  at  Chickasaw  Bayou. 
Lookout  Mountain.  Commanded  a  brigade  in  the  Atlanta 
campaign.  At  Pilot  Knob  he  commanded  infantry 
forces  with  address.  Elected  governor  of  Missouri,  No 
vember,  1864. 

Flusser,  Chas.  W.,  Maryland.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  Commodore  Perry  at  Roanoke  Island.  At 
Cobb's  Point  he  sunk  the  Confederate  flag-ship  Seabird. 
The  Confederate  fleet  was  destroyed.  Vessels  went  up  to 
Elizabeth  City  and  took  it.  He  took  possession  of  Ply 
mouth,  and  held  it.  Was  in  command  of  expedition  sent 
by  Goldsborough  to  the  North  Carolina  rivers  leading  into 
the  sounds,  capturing  Hamilton.  Shelling  of  Franklin, 
Va.,  commanding  three  vessels  in  the  expedition.  The 
Commodore  Perry  was  fired  on  by  soldiers.  She  ran 
ashore;  then  fought  hard.  Fort  Macon.  South  Mills. 
Confederates  assaulted  Fort  Gray,  Plymouth,  April  18th, 
and  were  driven  back  by  Flusser  with  the  Miami  and 
Southfield.  The  Confederate  ram  Albemarle  came  down 
the  river  toward  Plymouth.  Flusser,  with  the  Miami  and 
Southfteld  lashed  together,  hoped  to  run  his  vessels  so  as 
to  get  the  Albemarle  between  them.  The  Albemarle  ran 
her  prow  into  the  side  of  the  Southfield,  sinking  her.  The 
Albemarle' 's  chain  plates  were  entangled,  and  she  was 
borne  partly  down  with  the  Southfield.  Flusser  person 
ally  fired  the  first  three  shots  into  her  from  the  Miami 
alongside.  He  was  killed  by  a  fragment  of  a  shell.  An 
attempt  to  board  the  Albemarle  was  defeated.  Flusser 
was  fearless  and  of  conspicuous  efficiency. 

Force,  M.  F.,  District  of  Columbia.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Fort  Donelson.  Shiloh.  Port  Gibson. 
Raymond.  Champion's  Hill.  Vicksburg  assault,  May 
22d,  1863.  Siege  of  Vicksburg.  Charged  Bald  Hill,  at 
Atlanta,  with  support,  and  carried  it,  losing  heavily. 
Conspicuous  before  Atlanta,  charging  upon  Confederate 
works,  and,  after  their  capture,  defending  his  position  un- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      307 

til  severely  wounded,  July  2d,  1864.     March  to  the  Sea. 
He  commanded  a  division  in  the  Carolina  campaign. 

Foster,  James  P.,  Kentucky.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  Neosho.  Commanded  the  Chillicothe  in  ex 
pedition  down  the  Yazoo,  performing  valuable  services. 
The  Chillicothe  and  another  vessel  attacked  Fort  Pember- 
ton  on  three  different  days.  The  Chillicothe  was  dam 
aged.  The  command  of  the  expedition,  which  included  a 
large  number  of  troops,  devolved  on  Foster.  He  did  ef 
fective  work  during  the  bombardment  and  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg.  He  commanded  the  Lafayette  from  January  1st, 
1864,  and  in  the  Red  River  campaign. 

Frailey,  J.  M.,  Maryland.  Commander.  Commanded 
the  Quaker  City.  Engaged  in  operations  of  South  At 
lantic  Squadron  between  January  and  July,  1863.  He 
helped  resist  the  Confederate  rams  Chicora  and  Palmetto 
State  off  Charleston,  going  with  others  to  the  aid  of  the 
Keystone  State  when  she  was  rendered  helpless,  and  she  was 
saved.  His  vessel  was  partly  disabled.  He  commanded  the 
Quaker  City,  North  Atlantic  Squadron,  in  1864.  Com 
manded  the  Tuscarora  in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher. 

Fremont,  J.  C.,  South  Carolina.  Major  General  U. 
S.  Army.  In  Europe  when  the  War  broke  out,  he  bought 
a  large  supply  of  arms  in  France.  He  returned  in  May. 
The  arms  arrived  at  Boston  June  £7th.  It  is  claimed  that 
he  conceived  the  idea  of  iron-clad  vessels  to  penetrate  the 
southern  country,  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  Forts 
Henry  and  Donelson  and  Nashville,  etc.  The  idea  was 
that,  if  the  boats  were  made  shot-proof  by  heavy  iron 
armor,  the  Confederate  country  could  be  pierced  by  every 
navigable  river.  In  command  of  "  The  Western  Depart 
ment  "  from  July  25th,  1861,  consisting  of  Illinois,  Mis 
souri,  and  all  the  other  States  and  Territories  lying  between 
the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Rocky  Mountains.  He  se 
cured  the  reenlistment  of  many  Home  Guards,  and  fortified 
St.  Louis.  With  nearly  4,000  troops  he  proceeded  to  Cairo, 
strengthening  Prentiss,  and  placing  it  in  security.  This 


308      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

caused  Polk  to  order  Pillow  to  evacuate  New  Madrid,  and 
hasten  to  Randolph  and  Fort  Pillow  on  the  Tennessee 
side.  The  Bent  on  was  a  wrecking  boat  bought  by  Fre 
mont  and  converted  into  a  strong  iron-clad.  He  ordered 
the  movement  on  Paducah,  which  was  occupied  in  conse 
quence.  He  proclaimed  martial  law  in  St.  Louis  upon 
news  of  the  defeat  at  Wilson's  Creek.  He  set  more  than 
20,000  soldiers  in  motion  southward  September  27th,  1861, 
under  Hunter,  Pope  and  others.  He  occupied  Springfield, 
Mo.  Commanding  the  Army  of  the  West  he  caused 
Price's  retirement  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Missouri. 
Relieved  of  command  of  the  Department  of  the  West,  No 
vember  2d,  1861.  March  29th,  1862,  he  assumed  com 
mand  of  the  Mountain  Department,  including  western  Vir 
ginia,  eastern  Kentucky  and  east  Tennessee  as  far  as 
Knoxville.  When  Jackson  appeared  against  the  Federal 
force  at  McDowell,  he  sent  forward  a  support.  Cross 
Keys. 

French,  William  H.,  Maryland.  Major  General  of 
Volunteers.  In  command  of  Key  West,  March  27th  to 
November,  1861.  Defenses  of  Washington,  November 
30th,  1861,  to  March,  1862.  Advance  upon  Manassas 
and  the  Rappahannock,  March,  1862.  Before  York- 
town,  April  5th  to  May  4th,  1862.  He  sustained  a  heavy 
attack  at  Fair  Oaks  and  led  a  bayonet  charge  in  person. 
He  and  D.  B.  Birney  pushed  the  Confederates  back.  His 
fighting  was  noted.  Oak  Grove.  At  Games'  Mill,  his  bri 
gade  and  another  prevented  a  rout  by  coming  up  as  the 
wing  north  of  the  Chickahominy  was  being  swept  from  the 
field.  He  advanced  boldly,  and  the  Confederate  pursuit 
was  arrested.  He  covered  the  retreat.  Peach  Orchard, 
acting  as  rear-guard.  Savage  Station.  White  Oak 
Bridge.  Glendale.  In  command  of  the  rear-guard  on 
retreat  to  Malvern  Hill.  Malvern  Hill.  South  Moun 
tain.  Antietam  —  drove  D.  II.  Hill's  division  from  about 
the  Roulette  and  Clipp  Farm  buildings.  He  made  some 
progress,  taking  prisoners.  His  division  and  another  took 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     509 

the  "  Bloody  Lane."  He  was  conspicuous.  At  Fred- 
ericksburg  his  division  made  the  first  attack  on  Marje's 
Heights.  His  services  were  important  at  Chancellors- 
ville.  After  the  Third  Corps  fell  back,  his  and  another  di 
vision  charged  the  Confederate  left,  which  somewhat  re 
lieved  the  Third  Corps.  In  command  of  the  Harper's 
Ferry  District,  June  27th-30th,  1863,  guarding  lines  of 
communication  and  threatening  those  of  Lee,  July  1st  to 
4th,  1863.  He  sent  a  raiding  party  from  Frederick 
which  destroyed  Lee's  pontoon  bridge  at  Falling  Waters, 
and  delayed  his  crossing  of  the  Potomac  after  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg.  In  command  of  the  3d  corps  from  July 
7th,  1863.  Joined  in  following  Lee  after  Gettysburg,  be 
ing  engaged  in  several  sharp  actions.  Manassas  Gap. 
Rapidan  campaign.  Auburn.  In  authority  over  the  2d 
and  3d  corps  he  forced  the  passage  of  the  Rappahannock 
at  Kelly's  Ford,  November  7th,  1863,  enabling  the  Fed 
eral  army  to  cross  and  move  south.  Commanded  the  3d 
corps  in  the  operations  at  Mine  Run,  November  26th— 
30th,  1863.  He  was  engaged  at  Payne's  Farm.  In  com 
mand  of  the  troops  assembled  at  Havre  de  Grace  during 
the  menace  of  Washington,  July,  1864.  In  garrison  at 
Fort  McHenry,  December  27th,  1864,  to  January  5th, 
1865.  Chief  and  Inspector  of  Artillery  of  the  Middle 
Department,  January  5th,  1865,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 
For  the  War,  his  services  were  of  merit. 

Fry,  C.  H.,  Kentucky.     Acting  paymaster  general. 

Fry,  S.  S.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  At  Mill  Springs  he  formed  his  men,  and  led  them 
in  at  the  double-quick.  He  was  attacked  hard.  He  and 
others  shot  at  Genl.  Zollicoffer,  who  fell  dead.  Perry- 
ville.  In  command  of  a  division  protecting  communica 
tions  at  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Murfreesboro. 

Gamble,  H.  R.,  Virginia.  As  Governor,  put  Missouri 
on  a  fighting  basis. 

Gardner,  W.  H.,  Maryland.  Naval  Captain.  Com 
mandant  at  Mare  Island.  On  special  service,  1862. 


310      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Garrard,  Kenner,  Kentucky.  Major  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg, — 
bold  and  useful.  He  held  Little  Round  Top.  Following 
Lee  to  Warrenton.  Rappahannock  Station.  Mine  Run 
operations.  Operations  around  Chattanooga.  Invasion 
of  Georgia.  Did  valiant  and  telling  work  in  expedition 
to  Covington,  Ga.  He  cut  the  railroad  east  of  Atlanta. 
He  was  constantly  engaged  on  detached  expeditions,  and 
was  in  frequent  engagements  during  campaigns.  In  1864 
he  commanded  a  cavalry  division  of  the  Army  of  the  Cum 
berland.  Dashing  and  efficient  in  the  battle  of  Nashville. 
Operations  against  Mobile,  March  10th  to  April  13th, 
1865.  He  led  the  storming  column  which  captured  Fort 
Blakely.  Movement  upon  Montgomery.  The  merit  of 
his  services  during  the  War  was  recognized. 

Garrard,  T.  T.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Was  with  S.  P.  Carter  in  his  raid  into  southwest 
Virginia  and  east  Tennessee,  December,  1862.  Port  Gib 
son.  Champion's  Hill.  Big  Black  River.  Vicksburg  as 
saults,  May  19th  and  22d,  1863. 

Gatling,  Richard  J.,  North  Carolina.  Inventor  of  the 
Gatling  gun,  used  by  the  Army  of  the  James  on  James 
River. 

Getty,  George  W.,  District  of  Columbia.  Major  Gen 
eral  U.  S.  Army.  An  able  artillerist,  he  was  in  command 
of  the  artillery  in  the  engagements  with  Confederate  bat 
teries  near  Budd's  Ferry,  November  and  December,  1861. 
Before  Yorktown.  Peninsula  campaign.  Games'  Mill. 
Malvern  Hill.  South  Mountain.  Antietam.  He  com 
manded  a  division  at  Fredericksburg.  Commanding  a 
division,  he  was  courageous  and  useful  in  the  operations 
about  Suffolk,  during  its  defense,  April  llth  to  May  3d, 
1863.  In  command  of  storming  column  in  assault  of 
Hill's  Point.  With  naval  help  the  works  and  battery  of 
5  guns  and  130  men  were  captured.  He  made  a  recon- 
noissance  and  commanded  in  an  engagement  at  Providence 
church  road.  In  command  of  expedition  from  White 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      311 

House  to  South  Anna  bridges,  July  lst-8th,  1863.  Act 
ing  Inspector  General,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  January 
27th  to  March  18th,  1864.  At  the  Wilderness,  Getty's 
division  was  moved  out  by  the  Brock  road  to  try  to 
drive  Hill  back.  He  advanced,  the  fighting  became  very 
fierce  and  his  bravery  was  marked.  He  was  severe 
ly  wounded.  Richmond  campaign.  March  from  White 
House  to  James  River,  June,  1864.  Movement  against 
Petersburg.  Expedition  to  Reams  Station  and  Wei- 
don  Railroad.  He  served  in  defense  of  Washing 
ton,  facing  Early,  July  llth  and  12th,  1864.  Fol 
lowing  of  Early  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  July  13th 
to  August  9th.  Shenandoah  campaign,  August  10th  to 
December  2d,  1864.  Charlestown.  Opequon  —  crossing 
the  stream,  he  fought  vigorously  and  well.  At  Fisher's 
Hill  his  division  did  good  work.  Cedar  Creek  —  command 
ing  the  6th  corps,  or  right  wing,  during  part  of  the  battle 
and  his  division  the  remainder.  He  made  a  show  of  re 
sistance  when  the  19th  corps  was  surprised,  with  Confed 
erates  in  their  rear,  the  left  wing  having  been  stampeded 
and  made  off  to  the  west  and  then  moved  north.  The 
6th  corps  fell  back  toward  the  19th  and  two  of  its  divi 
sions  lined  up  on  its  left  by  11  A.  M.  Then  the  two  di 
visions  marched  back  to  the  front.  Getty's  own  division 
was  at  the  front.  This  division  and  the  cavalry  had  been 
the  only  troops  resisting  the  Confederates  after  the  rout 
of  the  left  and  center.  With  Pegram  and  Ramseur  before 
the  front  of  the  6th  corps,  Wharton  had  advanced  against 
its  left,  but  fell  back  before  its  efforts.  Getty's  troops 
made  themselves  felt  against  the  Confederate  advance. 
Operations  against  Petersburg,  December  12th,  1864,  to 
April  2d,  1865.  His  fighting  in  the  assault  of  March 
25th,  1865,  was  soldierly.  Assault  of  April  2d  upon  the 
Petersburg  works.  Appomattox  campaign.  Sailor's 
Creek.  Farmville.  Present  at  the  capitulation  of  Lee. 
March  to  Danville  and  to  and  about  Washington  April 
10th  to  the  end  of  the  War. 


312     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Gherardi,  Bancroft,  Louisiana.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Fort  Macon.  Commanded  Chocura,  1863—4.  At  Mobile 
Bay,  commanding  the  Port  Royal,  he  showed  coolness  and 
courage.  He  joined  in  the  chase  of  the  Morgan,  Gaines 
and  Selma.  He  commanded  the  Pequot  and  Mohican. 

Gibson,  Charles,  Virginia.  Called  a  mass-meeting  in 
St.  Louis,  which  was  of  weight  in  determining  the  action 
of  the  convention  —  302  against  secession.  Wrote  to 
Washington  urging  removal  of  arms  from  St.  Louis  to 
Illinois. 

Gibson,  Horatio  G.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Defenses  of  Washington,  December  19th, 
1861,  to  March  10th,  1862.  Before  Yorktown.  Williams- 
burg.  Helped  guard  the  rear  on  the  retreat  to  Malvern 
Hill,  June  25th-29th,  1862.  South  Mountain.  Antietam. 
Fredericksburg.  Chief  of  Artillery,  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
April  20th,  1863,  to  January  22d,  1864.  In  command  of 
District  of  North  Central  Kentucky,  February  22d  to 
April  9th,  1864.  In  command  at  Loudon,  Tenn.,  October 
12th  to  November  18th,  1864.  Engaged  in  opening  com 
munication  from  Knoxville  with  troops  engaged  at  Straw 
berry  Plains,  November  18th— 20th,  1864.  Under  Ammen 
covering  raid  into  southwest  Virginia,  December  10th— 
20th,  1864.  In  command  of  Knoxville  and  a  brigade, 
January  28th,  1865,  to  the  end. 

Gibson,  William,  Maryland.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  steamer  Yankee,  Potomac  flotilla,  1862.  He 
was  present  during  the  various  operations  on  the  James 
River  while  the  army  occupied  Harrison's  Landing,  and 
guarded  with  three  gunboats  the  recrossing  of  the  Chicka- 
hominy.  He  captured  several  vessels  in  a  night  expedition 
up  Chip  Oaks  Creek.  Commanded  steam  gunboat  Seneca, 
South  Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron,  1862—3.  He  was 
senior  officer  on  the  Ogeechee,  January,  1863,  blockading 
Confederate  war  steamer  Nashville.  Engaged  in  operations 
of  the  South  Atlantic  Squadron  between  January  and  July, 
1863.  Commanded  Seneca  in  combined  attack  on  Fort 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      313 

Wagner,  July  18th,  1863.  Engaged  in  three  attacks  on 
Fort  McAllister  and  the  destruction  of  the  Nashville. 
Commanded  iron-clad  Catskill,  steam  gunboat  Nepsic, 
steamer  Sonoma  and  iron-clad  Lehigh,  1864.  In  frequent 
engagements  with  batteries  near  Charleston.  Commanded 
Mahaska,  1865. 

Gilbert,  Jas.  L,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Distinguished  gallantry  at  Franklin.  Nashville. 
Faithful  and  meritorious  service  during  the  campaign 
against  Mobile  and  its  defenses. 

Gillem,  Alvan  C.,  Tennessee.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Defense  of  Fort  Taylor,  Fla.,  from  the  begin 
ning  of  the  War  to  October,  1861.  Was  bold  and  efficient 
at  Mill  Springs.  In  command  of  siege  artillery  and  chief 
quartermaster,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  February  to  June,  1862. 
Shiloh.  Advance  upon  Corinth.  Operations  in  Tennes 
see  during  the  first  half  of  1863.  As  Adjutant  General  of 
Tennessee,  June  1st,  1863,  to  April  1st,  1865,  he  created 
a  creditable  body  of  soldiers.  April  llth,  1864,  he  took 
command  of  a  Tennessee  division  of  cavalry.  Surprise 
and  killing  of  Morgan  while  on  his  way  to  attack  Gillem. 
Drove  Vaughn  out  of  his  works  at  Carroll  Station.  De 
feated  Confederates  at  Morristown,  taking  500  prisoners 
and  13  guns.  At  Bull's  Gap,  after  repulsing  two  attacks, 
he  was  worsted.  Near  Wytheville.  At  Kingston  he 
badly  defeated  a  Confederate  force.  At  Marion  he  fought 
bravely  and  well,  routing  Vaughn  and  pursuing  to  Wythe 
ville.  The  lead  mines  there  were  destroyed.  Capture  of 
Saltville.  Gillem's  division  left  Knoxville,  March  20th, 
1865,  and  destroyed  the  Virginia  &  Tennessee  Railroad 
from  Wytheville  nearly  to  Lynchburg,  first  moving  into 
North  Carolina.  Defeat  of  Confederates  and  capture  of 
Salisbury.  Near  Asheville. 

Gillespie,  George  L.,  Tennessee.  Chief  Engineer  to 
cavalry  force.  Waynesboro.  Ashland.  Dinwiddie  C. 
H.  Five  Forks.  Sailor's  Creek.  Appomattox  Station. 
Capitulation. at  Appomattox  C.  H. 


314      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Glendy,  William  M.,  Virginia.     Commodore. 

Goldsborough,  John  R.,  District  of  Columbia.  Naval 
Captain.  Commanded  the  Union,  blockading  off  Charles 
ton,  Savannah,  Cape  Hatteras  and  in  the  Potomac  flotilla, 
1861.  He  captured  and  sunk  the  Confederate  schooner 
York.  Bombarded  the  fort  off  Point  Mathias  on  the  Po 
tomac.  Commanded  the  Florida  in  1862.  Capture  of 
City  and  forts  around  Fernandina, —  Forts  Clinch  and 
St.  Mary.  Commanded  the  Colorado  in  1863. 

Goldsborough,  L.  M.,  District  of  Columbia.  Rear  Ad 
miral.  Commanded  the  Minnesota,  September,  1861.  In 
command  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron,  which  included 
operations  in  the  Chesapeake  and  tributary  waters,  and 
in  the  North  Carolina  sounds  and  the  Wilmington  block 
ade.  He  planned  and  executed  the  joint  army  and  navy 
expedition  to  the  sounds  of  North  Carolina,  capturing 
Roanoke  Island.  He  was  present,  landed  troops,  passed 
obstructions,  and  afterwards  had  the  Confederate  fleet  cap 
tured  in  Pasquotank  River.  New  Bern  was  occupied  by  a 
detachment  of  his  flotilla  squadron.  Cooperating  with  the 
army's  advance  up  the  Peninsula  upon  Richmond,  he  sent 
seven  gunboats  into  the  York  River.  While  the  army  was 
fighting  May  1st,  1862,  his  fleet  shelled  Confederate  ar 
tillery  posted  on  a  hill  to  the  left,  and  forced  it  to  retire. 
Capture  of  Fort  Macon  and  garrison.  His  fleet  engaged 
and  silenced  batteries  at  Sewell's  Point,  leading  to  the 
evacuation  of  Norfolk,  and  he  passed  up  to  Norfolk.  His 
command  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  extended  from 
September,  1861,  to  September,  1862. 

Gorman,  W.  A.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Bull  Run.  He  led  a  bayonet  charge  at  Fair 
Oaks.  Exerted  himself  to  hold  the  line  when  an  attempt 
was  made  to  turn  the  Federal  right.  His  brigade  led  the 
division  coming  to  the  support  of  Abercrombie  when  about 
to  be  overwhelmed.  At  Savage  Station  his  line  gave,  then 
held,  and  the  Federals  made  a  stand  to  the  day's  end. 
South  Mountain.  Antietam.  He  rose  to  the  command 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      315 

of  a  division.  With  troops  in  transports,  he  was  in  the 
expedition  up  the  White  River,  January,  1863.  St. 
Charles  was  taken.  He  commanded  Helena,  Ark. 

Graham,  Lawrence  P.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  U. 
S.  Army.  Superintended  cavalry  recruiting  service  and 
commanded  depot,  Carlisle  Barracks,  Pa.,  to  September, 

1861.  He  organized  and  commanded  a  cavalry  brigade 
at    Washington,    D.    C.,    in   the    Army    of   the   Potomac 
to   April,   1862.     His   services   during  the  War   were   of 
merit. 

Graham,  Wm.  M.,  District  of  Columbia.  Peninsula 
campaign.  Antietam.  He  commanded  an  artillery  bri 
gade  at  Chancellorsville.  Gettysburg.  Commanded  a  bri 
gade  of  horse  artillery  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  Au 
gust,  1863,  to  April,  1864.  He  was  courageous  and  capa 
ble. 

Greene,  S.  Dana,  Maryland.  Executive  officer  of  the 
Monitor  from  January  24th,  1862,  until  she  foundered. 
Fighting  the  Virginia,  he  had  charge  of  the  guns  in  the 
Monitor's  turret,  and  personally  fired  every  shot  until  near 
the  close  of  the  action,  when  he  took  command.  Engage 
ment  with  Confederate  batteries  at  Drewry's  Bluff,  May, 

1862.  James   River   flotilla,   June   to    September,    1862. 
On  the  Florida  in  1863.     Iroquois. 

Guest,  John,  Missouri.  Commander.  In  command  of 
the  boats  of  the  Niagara,  he  cut  out  the  steamer  Aid 
under  the  guns  of  Fort  Morgan,  Mobile  Bay,  in  August, 
1861.  He  commanded  the  Owosco  in  the  bombardment 
and  passage  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  and  capture 
of  New  Orleans.  Battles  on  the  Mississippi  up  to  and 
including  Vicksburg.  He  commanded  the  Owosco  at  the 
capture  of  the  forts  at  Galveston.  Commanded  the 
Sangamon,  the  first  U.  S.  vessel  fitted  with  a  spar  tor 
pedo —  his  invention.  In  command  of  the  Lehigh  and 
Galatea.  The  losco  was  effective  at  Fort  Fisher  Decem 
ber  24th,  1864.  He  commanded  her  at  both  of  the  Fort 
Fisher  engagements. 


316      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Guitar,  Odon,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  Missouri 
State  Militia. 

Guthrie,  Jas.  V.,  Kentucky.  Helped  establish  Camp 
Clay  and  raise  two  regiments  of  Kentucky  infantry. 

Hagner,  P.  V.,  District  of  Columbia.  Brigadier  Gen 
eral  U.  S.  Army.  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  Ordnance. 

Hall,  George  H.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  Missouri 
State  Militia.  At  Springfield,  Mo.,  January  8th,  1863, 
he  was  ordered  forth  with  his  cavalry  to  meet  Marmaduke's 
advance.  He  contested  it  and  fell  back.  In  the  battle, 
upon  an  advance  of  Shelby,  Hall  made  a  sortie.  He 
helped  repulse  an  attack  on  the  Federal  right. 

Hamilton,  Andrew  J.,  Alabama.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Military  Governor  of  Texas.  He  was  sent 
to  command  troops  at  Matamoras. 

Hammond,  William  A.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General 
U.  S.  Army.  Surgeon  General. 

Harlan,  John  M.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Morgan's  third  raid,  December,  1862,  was  met 
at  Rolling  Fork  by  Harlan,  a  great  part  of  whose  troops 
were  Kentuckians. 

Harney,  William  S.,  Tennessee.  Brigadier  General  U. 
S.  Army.  In  command  of  the  Department  of  the  West. 
He  reported  April  16th,  1861,  that  it  appeared  Governor 
Jackson  intended  erecting  batteries  on  hills  commanding 
the  arsenal  at  St.  Louis.  He  saved  Leavenworth  post  by 
moving  troops  there  from  several  forts.  He  issued  a 
proclamation  warning  the  people  of  Missouri  of  the  evils 
of  secession.  He  made  an  agreement  with  Price,  his  ob 
ject  being  to  prevent  Missouri  from  seceding.  Took  mili 
tary  possession  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  arrested  in  April, 
1861,  by  Confederates.  Resumed  his  command  May  llth, 
1861.  He  addressed  the  people  of  Missouri,  denouncing 
the  military  act  of  the  Legislature  as  indirect  secession  and 
unconstitutional. 

Harrell,  A.  Davis,  Virginia.  Commander.  Informed 
that  a  large  schooner  was  lying  in  Quantico  Creek,  and 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      317 

that  a  body  of  troops  had  assembled  there  to  cross  the 
Potomac,  he  boarded  her  and  set  her  on  fire,  destroying 
her  October  llth,  1861.  Participated  in  the  bombard 
ment  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  commanding  the 
Miami.  Commanded  the  Chickopee,  North  Atlantic  Block 
ading  Squadron,  1864—5. 

Harris,  Thomas  M.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Conspicuous  at  Middletown.  Commanded  a 
division  at  Cedar  Creek.  Operations  around  Petersburg. 
High  conduct  in  assault  on  Petersburg.  Appomattox 
campaign.  He  sent  out  the  detachment  that  silenced  the 
last  Confederate  guns  at  Appomattox. 

Harrison,  N.  B.,  Virginia.  Commander.  Commanding 
the  Cayuga  he  led  the  fleet  in  the  passage  of  Forts  Jackson 
and  St.  Philip.  The  Cayuga  was  beset  by  several  large 
vessels.  She  rid  herself  of  them  and  dashed  up  the  river, 
followed  by  the  division.  She  destroyed  three  vessels. 
He  and  Lee  finished  up  the  Confederate  fleet.  With  the 
Hartford,  Harrison  in  the  Cayuga  bore  the  first  brunt  of 
the  action  with  the  Chalmette  batteries.  Commanded  the 
Mahaska  in  the  operations  before  Richmond,  and  the  re 
treat  to  Harrison's  Landing.  He  commanded  Lee's  flag 
ship,  the  Minnesota,  1862—3.  He  took  part  in  attacks  on 
the  South  Carolina  coast  until  the  fall  of  Charleston. 

Harrison,  T.  J.,  Kentucky.  At  Chickamauga  when 
Longstreet  broke  through  the  Federal  line,  Harrison,  com 
ing  from  the  south,  charged  with  a  regiment  of  mounted 
infantry  armed  with  Spencer  repeating  rifles.  The  result 
was  important.  A  brigade  with  Spencer's  also  attacked, 
and  the  continuous  firing  deceived  Longstreet  into  thinking 
a  considerable  force  had  struck  his  left  flank.  The  Con 
federates  there  broke  and  fled.  They  charged  again  with 
the  same  result.  Three  more  times  the  Confederates 
charged  and  were  hurled  back.  Harrison  moved  off  under 
orders,  taking  200  prisoners  back  south.  Commanded  one 
of  Rousseau's  two  brigades  in  the  expedition  from  Decatur 
to  Opelika,  which  interrupted  railroad  communications  to 


318      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Atlanta  from  the  west,  and  which  successfully  marched  on 
to  a  junction  with  the  army  operating  against  Johnston. 
Franklin.  Nashville.  He  fought  Forrest  in  the  pursuit 
of  Hood. 

Harrow,  William,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Kernstown.  Antietam.  At  Gettysburg  he  com 
manded  a  brigade,  and,  during  Pickett's  charge,  the 
command  of  the  division  against  which  Pickett  struck  de 
volved  upon  him.  Harrow's  brigade  charged  from  the 
south  into  the  clump  of  trees  then  held  by  the  Confederates 
near  the  crest  of  the  ridge.  The  grove  was  jammed  with 
Pickett's  men.  Pickett  emerged  from  the  woods  and  it 
was  Harrow's  lot  to  repulse  him.  His  brigade  had  been 
behind  the  first  line,  but  joined  the  line  in  the  fight. 
Around  Pickett's  Mills,  May  28th,  1864,  troops  of  his 
division  repulsed  the  attack  of  the  Confederates  on  their 
position. 

Hawley,  J.  R.,  North  Carolina.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Good  conduct  at  Bull  Run.  Siege  opera 
tions  against  Charleston.  Fort  Morris.  Fort  Wagner, 
James  Island.  Pocotaligo.  Olustee.  His  command  and 
cavalry  moved  the  night  of  June  8th,  1864,  to  threaten 
Petersburg.  Drewry's  Bluff.  Deep  Run.  Darbytown 
Road.  New  Market.  Operations  around  Petersburg. 

Haynie,  I.  N.,  Tennessee.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Fort  Henry.  Fort  Donelson.  Shiloh. 

Hays,  William,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Defenses  of  Washington,  September  15th,  1861, 
to  March  10th,  1862.  He  served  well  in  command  of  a 
brigade  of  horse  artillery  in  the  Peninsula  campaign.  Be 
fore  Yorktown.  Williamsburg.  Mechanicsville.  Malvern 
Hill,  commanding  artillery  brigade.  In  command  of  re 
serve  artillery  in  the  Maryland  campaign.  Antietam. 
Fredericksburg,  commanding  artillery  reserve.  In  com 
mand  of  reserve  artillery  in  the  Rappahannock  campaign, 
December,  1862,  to  May,  1863.  He  was  wounded  and 
captured  at  Chancellorsville.  At  Gettysburg  he  succeeded 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      319 

to  the  command  of  the  2d  corps  the  evening  of  July  3d, 
and  retained  it  till  September  13th.  Following  up  of  Lee 
to  Warrenton.  In  command  of  a  division  in  the  Richmond 
campaign.  Operations  around  Petersburg.  In  the  Pe 
tersburg  assault,  April  2d,  1865,  his  division  carried  an 
important  earthwork,  with  three  guns  and  most  of  the 
garrison.  He  commanded  a  division  in  the  Appomattox 
campaign,  and  was  assigned  to  the  artillery  reserve  April 
6th.  He  was  an  able  artillerist,  and  performed  hardy 
and  significant  service  in  the  War. 

Henderson,  Alex.,  District  of  Columbia.  Chief  En 
gineer  of  the  steam-sloop  Adirondack  and  iron-clad  Onon- 
daga.  When  the  Confederate  fleet  came  down  James 
River,  January  23d,  1865,  he  signaled  its  approach  to  the 
Onondaga  from  the  army  signal  tower  on  shore. 

Henderson,  Thos.  J.,  Tennessee.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Performed  brave  and  worthy  service  during 
the  campaigns  in  Georgia  and  Tennessee,  especially  Frank 
lin.  He  commanded  a  division  from  Beaufort  in  the  cam 
paign  in  the  Carolinas. 

Henry,  Guy  V.,  Indian  Territory.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Commanded  a  battery  at  Key  West,  Fla., 
and  Hilton  Head,  S.  C.  Bull  Run.  In  defenses  of  Wash 
ington,  July  to  December,  1861.  Expedition  to  Florida, 
February  4th  to  April  24th,  1863.  Acting  Chief  of  Ar 
tillery,  Department  of  the  South,  June,  1863.  Opera 
tions  against  Charleston,  July— November,  1863.  Descent 
upon  Morris  Island.  Bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter,  Au 
gust  17th-23d,  1863.  Siege  of  Fort  Wagner.  Conspic 
uous  at  Pocotaligo,  serving  his  pieces  admirably.  He  had 
two  horses  shot  under  him.  He  captured  a  battery  at 
Camp  Finnegan  without  the  loss  of  a  man,  taking  about 
100  prisoners,  8  pieces  of  artillery  and  valuable  property. 
In  the  Florida  expedition  he  commanded  a  small  brigade 
of  cavalry  and  mounted  infantry,  marching  from  Jackson 
ville  to  within  three  miles  of  Lake  City.  In  the  main 
movement  he  was  in  the  advance.  Olustee  —  when  the 


320      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Federals  were  defeated  he  covered  the  retreat.  Operations 
before  Richmond,  Bermuda  Hundred,  May  6th  to  29th, 
1864.  Drewry's  Bluff,  May  12th  to  16th.  At  Cold  Har 
bor,  June  1st,  1864,  he  led  the  assault  of  his  brigade  upon 
the  Confederate  works,  and  had  two  horses  shot  under 
him  —  one  while  leaping  over  the  Confederate  breastworks. 
On  the  extreme  right,  he  carried  the  rifle-pits  in  front  thus, 
but  found  the  position  commanded  by  an  earthwork  on  the 
right  flank.  Operations  around  Petersburg,  June  to  Sep 
tember,  1864.  Mine  assault,  July  30th,  in  front  of  Fort 
Harrison.  The  value  of  his  brave  services  before  Peters 
burg  and  in  the  War  was  recognized. 

Hill,  Bennett  H.,  District  of  Columbia.  Brigadier  Gen 
eral  U.  S.  Army.  In  command  of  Key  West,  1861—2, 
and  of  the  Military  District  of  Michigan,  May  23d,  1864, 
to  the  end  of  the  War. 

Hobson,  E.  H.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Was  at  Camp  Hobson  till  February,  1862.  He 
organized  a  Kentucky  regiment.  Showed  skill  at  Shiloh. 
Movement  upon  Corinth.  Perryville.  He  commanded 
the  southern  division  of  Kentucky.  He  attacked  Morgan 
in  December,  1862,  six  miles  from  Munfordville.  He 
pursued  Morgan  through  Kentucky,  Indiana  and  Ohio. 
His  troops  were  the  ones  which  ran  Morgan  down  and 
captured  him.  The  head  of  his  column  struck  Morgan's 
rear  at  Buffington.  He  repelled  raids  at  Lexington,  Ky. 
June  llth,  1864,  he  tried  to  relieve  Lexington,  but  was 
attacked  in  front,  while  Morgan  assailed  his  rear,  and 
compelled  him  to  surrender.  The  old  command  of  Mor 
gan  surrendered  to  him  May  1st,  1865. 

Holland,  Colley  B.,  Tennessee.  Brigadier  General  En 
rolled  Missouri  State  Militia,  October  27th,  1862,  to  Jan 
uary  12th,  1865.  When  Marmaduke  moved  against 
Springfield  at  the  beginning  of  1863,  Holland,  command 
ing  enrolled  Missouri  militia  of  the  district,  took  steps  to 
collect  his  command  there.  Springfield  was  saved. 

Holt,    Joseph,    Kentucky.      Secretary    of    War    in    the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

months  just  preceding  Lincoln's  inauguration.  He  was 
appointed  Judge  Advocate  General  of  the  United  States, 
September  3d,  1862.  In  1864  he  was  placed  at  the  head 
of  the  Bureau  of  Military  Justice.  Major  General  U.  S. 
Army,  March,  1865. 

Hunter,  David,  District  of  Columbia.  Major  General 
of  Volunteers.  Was  charged  with  the  duty  of  protecting 
President  Lincoln's  house  and  person.  At  Bull  Run  his 
division  led  the  flank  movement  which  started  the  battle. 
He  was  severely  wounded  very  early  in  the  fight.  He 
served  under  Fremont  in  Missouri,  and  commanded  one  of 
his  divisions.  Placed  in  command  of  the  Department  of 
the  West,  November  2d,  1861.  In  command  of  the  De 
partment  of  Kansas  from  November  20th,  1861,  to  March 
llth,  1862.  He  contributed  to  the  fall  of  Fort  Donelson 
by  sending  reinforcements  promptly.  He  commanded  the 
Department  of  the  South,  March  31st,  1862,  to  June  3d, 
1863.  He  captured  Fort  Pulaski,  Ga.,  April  llth,  1862, 
with  naval  support,  closing  the  Savannah  River  to  block 
ade-runners.  Capture  of  Buffington.  Expedition  against 
Charleston.  In  command  of  the  Department  of  West 
Virginia,  May  19th  to  August  8th,  1864.  He  drove  Im- 
boden's  cavalry  out  of  New  Market,  June  1st,  1864,  and 
through  Harrisonburg  next  day.  At  Piedmont,  in  a  ten- 
hour  battle,  he  defeated  the  Confederates,  captured  1,500 
men  and  3  guns.  W.  E.  Jones,  commanding  the  Con 
federates,  was  killed.  He  occupied  Lexington  and  raided 
the  Shenandoah  Valley  south  to  Lynchburg.  Lee  was  im 
pelled  to  detach  a  strong  force  to  face  him.  He  invested 
Lynchburg.  Diamond  Hill.  Lynchburg. 

Hurlbut,  S.  A.,  South  Carolina.  Major  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  In  command  of  Fort  Donelson  in  1862.  He 
was  the  first  to  reach  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  held  it  for 
a  week  alone.  In  the  battle  there,  he  fell  back  only  when 
flanked.  He  withstood  superior  numbers  five  hours,  and 
charged  three  times.  He  accepted  the  offer  of  the  gun 
boat  Tyler's  assistance  and  indicated  the  proper  line  of 


322      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

fire.  The  Confederate  batteries  were  silenced.  Sidney 
Johnston,  commanding  the  Confederate  army,  fell  in  his 
front.  Hurlbut  gave  information  of  the  approach  of  Van 
Dorn  upon  Corinth.  After  the  battle  of  Corinth,  he  led 
the  pursuit.  Met  the  Confederates  at  Hatchie  Bridge, 
striking  the  head  of  the  column.  When  Ord  was  wounded 
the  command  devolved  on  him.  In  command  of  the  16th 
corps  from  December  18th,  1862.  He  planned  and  di 
rected  the  raid  down  Mississippi  from  Tennessee  to  Baton 
Rouge,  which  facilitated  the  clearing  of  the  way  for  the 
campaign  against  Jackson  and  Vicksburg  in  May,  1863. 
In  command  at  Memphis,  September,  1866.  He  com 
manded  one  of  the  two  columns  in  the  march  from  Vicks 
burg  to  Meridian  in  February,  1864.  In  command  of  the 
Department  of  the  Gulf  during  the  last  year  of  the  War. 

Jackson,  James  S.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Organized  a  cavalry  regiment.  Shiloh. 
luka.  Corinth.  Athens.  At  Perryville,  holding  the  left 
flank  with  a  raw  division,  he  was  killed  while  leading  his 
men.  The  battle  was  fought  in  great  part  by  his  and 
Rousseau's  divisions. 

Jacob,  R.  T.,  Kentucky.  Resisted  with  boldness  and 
efficiency  in  the  Legislature  and  before  the  people  the 
effort  to  have  Kentucky  secede.  He  rendered  active  and 
useful  service,  especially  to  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  in  Ken 
tucky.  He  helped  resist  Morgan's  raid,  following  until 
his  capture.  He  became  lieutenant  governor  of  Kentucky 
in  1863. 

Jameson,  William,  Virginia.     Commodore. 

Jenkins,  Thornton  A.,  Virginia.  Captain.  Cooperated 
in  preventing  the  forts  at  Key  West  and  Dry  Tortugas 
from  falling  into  the  hands  of  an  expedition  sent  from 
New  Orleans  before  the  War  was  started.  He  performed 
secret  service  at  the  request  of  President  Lincoln.  He 
commanded  the  steam-sloop  Wachusett  on  the  James  and 
Potomac  rivers  in  1862.  He  was  the  senior  officer  present 
at  the  repulse  of  the  Confederates  at  Coggin's  Point,  and 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      323 

at  the  attack  on  the  Federal  flotilla  off  City  Point.  In 
command  of  steam-sloop  Oneida,  autumn  of  1862.  He 
blockaded  Mobile.  Fleet  captain  and  chief  of  staff  of 
Farragut's  squadron.  Commanded  the  Hartford.  Led 
the  fleet  at  the  passage  of  Port  Hudson,  March  14th,  1863. 
Engaged  batteries  of  Grand  Gulf  and  Warrenton.  Com 
manded  the  Monongahela,  temporary  flag-ship,  in  the  at 
tack  on  Port  Hudson  ending  May  28th,  1863.  Surrender 
of  Port  Hudson,  being  in  chief  command  of  the  naval 
forces  below.  He  was  wounded  in  a  fight  with  Confed 
erate  batteries  at  College  Point,  Miss.  Commanded  divi 
sion  blockading  the  entrance  to  Mobile  Bay,  December, 
1863,  to  August,  1864.  Commanded  steam-sloop  Rich 
mond.  Mobile  Bay  —  following  the  Hartford,  he  ran 
half  a  mile  ahead  of  the  other  vessels  in  the  Richmond.  He 
gave  the  Tennessee  three  broadsides.  Surrender  of  Forts 
Morgan,  Powell  and  Gaines.  He  was  left  in  command  of 
the  Mobile  Bay  division  until  February,  1865.  March 
14th,  1865,  he  was  ordered  to  the  James  River  and  re 
mained  there  until  after  Lee's  surrender. 

Johnson,  Andrew,  North  Carolina.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Military  Governor  of  Tennessee.  His 
courage  helped  hold  Nashville  against  a  Confederate  force. 
As  military  governor,  he  raised  25  regiments  for  service 
in  Tennessee.  April  15th,  1865,  he  became  President  of 
the  United  States,  and,  thereby,  Commander-in-chief  of 
the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States. 

Johnson,  Andrew  W.,  District  of  Columbia.  Lieutenant 
Commander.  Commanded  the  Lehigh.  Commanded  the 
Montauk  in  Stono  River.  Bull's  Bay  expedition,  imme 
diately  before  the  fall  of  Charleston. 

Johnson,  R.  W.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  U.  S. 
Army.  At  the  beginning  of  the  War,  he  was  employed 
in  guarding  the  upper  Potomac.  First  Shenanadoah  cam 
paign.  Falling  Waters.  Bunker  Hill.  He  was  placed 
in  command  of  Kentucky  Home  Guards,  1,200  men.  He 
reached  Muldraugh's  Hill  and  helped  cause  Buckner  to 


324      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

desist  from  advance  of  September  17th,  1861,  on  Louis 
ville.  Pittsburg  Landing.  Routed  Confederates  in  his 
front,  May  28th,  1862.  Advance  upon  Corinth.  March 
through  northern  Alabama,  Tennessee  and  Kentucky.  He 
was  defeated  near  Gallatin  by  Morgan  and  captured. 
At  Murfreesboro  the  first  attack  on  the  Federal  right 
fell  on  his  and  another  division.  He  was  in  reserve  when 
Bragg  struck  and  broke  the  right  flank.  He  had  taken  all 
precautions  against  surprise.  His  outposts  were  driven 
in  and  cavalry  attacked  his  extreme  right.  He  formed  and 
made  a  slight  advance.  Ordered  up  his  reserve  brigade. 
All  were  forced  back.  A  part  of  his  division  later  formed 
on  Rousseau's  right  in  the  new  line.  His  soldierly  quali 
ties  shone  in  the  battle.  Advance  on  Tullahoma.  At  Lib 
erty  Gap  the  Confederates  attacked  him.  They  first 
attacked  his  center,  then  attempted  to  gain  the  hills  so 
as  to  command  his  flank,  but  failed,  losing  850  men,  and 
withdrew.  At  Chickamauga,  September  19th,  his  divi 
sion  hurried  up  from  Crawfish  Springs,  arriving  just  in 
time  to  prevent  the  rout  of  the  Federal  left.  It  moved 
forward  with  Palmer,  and,  after  an  hour's  fighting,  they 
drove  Cheatham  back.  It  behaved  handsomely,  driving 
the  Confederates  a  mile  and  a  half,  capturing  seven  guns 
and  a  large  number  of  prisoners.  In  the  evening,  before 
his  division  and  two  additional  brigades  could  be  withdrawn 
to  the  new  line,  they  were  attacked  by  Cleburne's  fresh 
division,  supported  by  Cheatham's.  After  a  heavy  night 
conflict  of  an  hour,  the  Confederates  were  repulsed.  On 
the  20th,  he  was  in  the  fierce  struggle.  When  Brecken- 
ridge  took  in  reverse  the  Federal  left,  Johnson's  reserve 
helped  oust  him.  Furious  attacks  upon  Johnson  failed. 
He  fought  with  heroism  and  force.  Defense  of  and  opera 
tions  around  Chattanooga,  September,  1863,  to  May,  1864. 
In  the  Missionary  Ridge  assault  his  division  moved  up  the 
hill  in  line  and  carried  his  part  of  the  ridge.  He  cap 
tured  many  troops  driven  north  by  the  right  wing.  He 
commanded  a  division  during  the  invasion  of  Georgia, 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     325 

May  and  June,  1864.  Operations  around  Dalton.  Dem 
onstrations  against  Resaca.  At  Resaca  May  14th,  his  and 
Newton's  divisions  plunged  into  the  thicket  and  worked 
their  way  into  the  reentrant  angle  in  Hardee's  front.  His 
division  was  the  first  to  engage  the  Confederates.  New 
Hope,  Pickett's  Mills,  assaulting  the  Confederate  position. 
He  was  struck  from  the  flank  by  cavalry.  He  was  se 
verely  wounded.  He  was  attacked  hard  at  Peach  Tree 
Creek.  Given  command  of  the  14th  corps  August  6th, 
1864.  He  advanced  the  7th,  carried  a  line  of  rifle-pits 
and  established  a  line  close  to  the  Confederate  works. 
Chief  of  cavalry  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  Au 
gust  22d  to  October  27th,  1864.  At  Jonesboro,  com 
manding  the  14th  corps,  he  carried  intrenchments.  One 
of  his  divisions  carried  its  entire  front.  He  was  dispatched 
to  Nashville  to  equip  and  forward  cavalry  from  that  sta 
tion.  During  Hood's  advance  he  was  assigned  by  Thomas 
to  command  a  division  of  cavalry.  At  Nashville  Decem 
ber  15th  his  cavalry,  with  the  cooperation  of  Lee's  gun 
boats,  drove  Confederates  from  their  established  batteries 
on  the  Cumberland  River  below  Nashville.  When  Hood 
was  routed,  December  16th,  Johnson  was  ordered  to  move 
rapidly  by  the  Hillsborough  pike,  and,  after  crossing  the 
Harpeth  River,  to  turn  up  its  south  bank  and  fall  upon 
the  Confederates  at  or  near  Franklin.  He  struck  the  Con 
federates  at  Franklin,  and  they  left  1,800  of  their  wounded 
and  200  Federal  wounded  to  fall  into  Federal  hands.  As^ 
signed  to  command  of  the  Middle  District  of  Tennessee. 
Johnson's  services  during  the  War  did  him  honor. 

Jones,  Roger,  District  of  Columbia.  Destroyed  the 
arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry,  April  18th,  1861,  preventing 
the  arms  from  falling  into  Confederate  hands. 

Jones,  Theodore,  District  of  Columbia.  Commanded  a 
brigade  with  spirit  and  credit  in  the  Atlanta  campaign. 
Campaign  in  the  Carolinas. 

Jouett,  J.  E.,  Kentucky.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  a  detachment  of  sailors  and  marines  from  the 


326      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Santee  who  boarded  and  destroyed  the  man-of-war  Royal 
Yacht  in  Galveston  Bay,  he  having  a  desperate  hand-to- 
hand  conflict  with  the  commander  of  the  Royal  Yacht,  and 
receiving  two  severe  wounds  in  the  right  arm  and  right 
side  and  lung  from  a  pike.  He  commanded  the  Montgom 
ery  and  R.  R.  Cuyler.  He  captured  eight  blockade-run 
ners  in  1863.  In  the  battle  of  Mobile  Bay,  in  the 
Metacomet,  lashed  to  the  Hartford,  he  passed  the  forts. 
Having  been  permitted  to  cut  loose,  he  closed  with  and 
captured  the  Selma.  He  captured  the  Games.  Coolness, 
promptness  and  good  conduct  were  displayed  by  him. 

Judah,  Henry  M.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Defenses  of  Washington,  December  19th, 
1861,  to  March  10th,  1862.  In  command  of  a  division 
in  the  advance  upon  Corinth.  In  command  of  Fort  Deni- 
son,  August  23d  to  September  5th,  1862 ;  of  Covington, 
Ky.,  September  5th-8th,  1862,  when  threatened  by  Kirby 
Smith.  In  command  of  the  District  of  Western  Kentucky, 
February  25th  to  March  1st,  1863;  and  of  the  forces  at 
Bowling  Green  and  Russellville,  Ky.,  March  to  May,  1863. 
He  commanded  troops  chasing  Morgan  to  Buffington  Is 
land.  Judah  went  up  the  Ohio  River  in  steamboats  to 
head  Morgan  off,  and  struck  his  flank  at  Buffington  Island. 
In  command  of  a  division  from  May,  1863.  At  Resaca 
his  division  had  a  fierce  struggle.  Others  coming  to  its 
help,  a  part  of  the  Confederate  intrenchments  was  taken. 

Kenly,  John  R.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  At  Front  Royal  his  losing  fight  against  Jackson 
saved  the  Shenandoah  army.  Hagerstown.  Harper's 
Ferry.  Recapture  of  Maryland  Heights.  He  helped  fol 
low  Early  when  Early  recrossed  the  Potomac  into  Virginia, 
July  14th,  1864. 

Kilty,  A.  H.,  Maryland.  Naval  Captain.  Ordered  to 
St.  Louis  in  1861,  he  helped  organize  the  Mississippi  flo 
tilla.  He  commanded  the  Mound  City  at  Island  No.  10; 
also  at  Fort  Pillow,  where  she  was  sunk.  In  command  of 
expedition  to  the  White  River,  Ark.  The  steam-chest  of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      327 

the  Mound  City  was  struck.  Kilty  was  scalded  with  steam 
which  filled  the  vessel.  Troops  with  the  vessels  captured 
St.  Charles.  He  commanded  the  Roanoke. 

Kirkland,  William  A.,  North  Carolina.  Lieutenant  Com 
mander.  Movement  against  Mobile,  resulting  in  its  cap 
ture.  He  commanded  the  Winnebago,  1864-5. 

Kirkwood,  S.  J.,  Maryland.  Governor  of  Iowa  during 
the  War.  As  such  he  sent  about  fifty  regiments  to  the 
War  —  nearly  all  for  three  years,  the  result  being  that 
Iowa  was  one  of  the  few  States  in  which  there  was  no  draft. 

Kurtz,  J.  D.,  District  of  Columbia.  Chief  Engineer, 
Department  of  Annapolis,  June— July,  1861 ;  and  of  the 
Shenandoah,  August,  1861.  Assistant  Engineer  in  de 
fense  of  Washington  against  Early,  July  12th-15th,  1864. 

Laidley,  T.  T.  S.,  Virginia.  Commander  of  Frankfort 
arsenal  in  1863-4.  Inspector  of  ordnance. 

Landram,  J.  J.,  Kentucky.  Cynthiana, —  Landram  es 
caping,  slightly  wounded,  to  Paris,  Ky.,  where  the  next 
day  he  rallied  and  united  several  detachments  and  harassed 
Morgan  in  his  retirement  from  Kentucky.  He  had  sev 
eral  horses  shot  under  him  at  Richmond,  Ky.  He  received 
a  severe  wound  in  the  head,  partly  blinding  and  incapaci 
tating  him  for  further  active  service. 

Landram,  William  J.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Chickasaw  Bluffs.  Capture  of  Arkansas 
Post.  Port  Gibson.  Champion's  Hill.  Vicksburg  assaults, 
May  19th  and  22d.  He  commanded  a  division  in  the 
Red  River  campaign.  Pleasant  Hill.  Sabine  Cross 
Roads. 

Lanier,  Edmund,  Virginia.  Commander.  In  command 
of  the  Alabama  in  Blockading  Squadron,  1861. 

Lauman,  J.  G.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Served  in  Missouri,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 
Belmont.  At  Fort  Donelson  he  was  one  of  the  first  to 
storm  and  enter  the  works,  encountering  an  abatis  on  the 
way.  Shiloh.  He  commanded  a  division  in  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg.  In  the  assault  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  July  12th, 


328     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

1863,  his  troops  were  pushed  close  to  the  Confederate 
works,  and  suffered  great  loss. 

Lee,  John  F.,  Virginia.  Grandson  of  Richard  Henry 
Lee.  Judge  Advocate  of  the  United  States  Army  to  Sep 
tember  4th,  1862. 

Lee,  Samuel  P.,  Virginia.  Grandson  of  Richard  Henry 
Lee.  Acting  Rear  Admiral.  Blockade  off  Charleston, 
maintaining  it  with  the  Vandalia.  In  the  expedition 
against  New  Orleans,  he  commanded  the  advance  division 
below  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip.  In  the  battle,  his 
vessel,  the  Oneida,  was  at  one  time  engaged  alone  with 
both  forts.  It  was  one  of  the  three  vessels  first  to  en 
counter  the  Confederate  fleet.  He  went  to  the  assistance 
of  the  Cayugaj  dispersing  antagonists.  He  relieved  the 
Varuna  by  driving  off  the  two  rams  which  had  rammed 
her,  forcing  their  burning  and  capturing  the  commander 
of  the  Gov.  Moore;  and  he  helped  rescue  the  officers  and 
men  of  the  Varuna,  which  sank.  His  vessel  and  the  Cayuga 
finished  up  the  Confederate  fleet.  He  participated  in  the 
capture  of  the  Chalmette  batteries.  Lee  went  up  to  Vicks- 
burg  with  the  gunboats,  and  summoned  it  to  surrender, 
May  18th,  1862.  For  a  time,  he  commanded  the  advance 
division  below  Vicksburg,  and  participated  in  both  pas 
sages  of  the  Vicksburg  batteries,  the  Oneida  being  second 
in  line  on  each  occasion.  Engagement  with  the  Arkansas 
and  passage  of  Vicksburg  southbound,  July  15th.  Lee 
was  appointed  acting  rear  admiral  September  2d,  1862, 
and  commanded  the  North  Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron 
till  October  12th,  1864.  In  the  Suffolk  campaign  the 
Confederates  moved  suddenly  in  force  to  cross  the  Nanse- 
mond  River,  and  thereby  attack  the  Federals  at  Suffolk. 
Lee  hastily  moved  two  flotillas  to  hold  the  line  of  the 
river, —  one  of  8  gunboats  in  the  upper  Nansemond,  and 
the  other  of  4  gunboats  in  the  lower  waters.  The  upper 
Nansemond  flotilla,  and  Getty  with  300  troops,  captured 
Battery  Huger,  Hill's  Point,  April  19th,  1863.  The 
lower  Nansemond  flotilla  made  a  landing  expedition  to 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     329 

Chuckatuck,  several  miles  inland.  During  his  command 
of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron,  Lee  was  engaged  in  block 
ading  the  coasts  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  and 
zealously  cooperating  with  the  armies  in  the  defense  of 
Norfolk,  New  Bern  and  Washington,  fighting  with  their 
iron-clads  and  heavy  fortifications  in  Trent's  Reach,  and 
their  field  batteries  along  the  line  of  communication  on 
James  River,  always  securely  held  by  him.  He  perfected 
and  maintained  a  vast  blockade.  He  originated  the  system 
of  a  girdle  of  cruisers,  which  isolated  the  Confederacy 
from  foreign  recruits,  supplies  and  munitions  of  war.  54 
blockade-runners  were  captured  or  destroyed  by  the  fleet 
under  him.  On  May  5th,  1864,  he  brought  up  the  Army 
of  the  James,  40,000  strong,  to  Bermuda  Hundred.  His 
fleet  protected  the  right  flank  of  that  army  during  May. 
In  September,  1864,  Lee  spoke  about  the  Albemarle,  and 
approved  one  of  two  plans  submitted  for  her  destruction, 
and  had  it  submitted  to  the  Washington  authorities.  Or 
ders  were  given  for  the  purchase  of  suitable  vessels.  A 
launch  with  a  torpedo  was  sent  through  the  Chesapeake 
&  Albemarle  canal.  The  night  of  October  27th  the  launch 
entered  Roanoke  River,  and  went  at  the  Albemarle  under 
a  heavy  fire  and  the  torpedo  was  exploded  under  her, 
blowing  her  up.  The  North  Atlantic  Squadron,  besides 
blockading,  was  engaged  in  91  actions  and  expeditions 
during  the  period  of  his  command.  Lee  was  ordered  to 
the  command  of  the  Mississippi  Squadron,  October  21st, 
1864.  He  had  command  of  the  entire  Mississippi  River 
and  its  tributaries  from  October.  In  the  Nashville  cam 
paign,  he  moved  up  the  Cumberland  River  to  the  support 
of  Thomas.  The  flag-ship  was  stopped  at  Clarksville  by 
low  water.  He  kept  open  army  communications,  and  vig 
ilantly  guarded  the  lower  Mississippi  against  the  inter 
vention  of  trans-Mississippi  Confederate  forces.  He  was 
asked  by  Thomas,  November  30th,  to  patrol  the  Cum 
berland  River.  Hood  was  marching  against  Nashville. 
Lee  directed  the  patrolling  of  the  river  above  and  below 


330     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Nashville  by  gunboats.  It  was  done  so  effectively  that 
crossing  was  impossible.  He  kept  open  the  Cumberland 
when  the  safety  of  Thomas  depended  so  largely  on  his 
prompt  receipt  of  reinforcements  and  supplies  during 
Hood's  advance.  After  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Lee  was 
requested  by  Thomas  to  send  gunboats  up  the  Tennessee 
to  head  off  Hood.  He  succeeded  in  capturing  two  guns 
at  Florence.  The  operations  of  his  squadron  on  the  Ten 
nessee  prevented  Hood  on  his  retreat  from  crossing  where 
the  river  was  navigable.  Lee  occupied  the  last  months 
of  the  War  in  convoy  duty,  maintaining  communication  on 
the  Mississippi,  blockading  Red  River,  and  active  opera 
tions  in  conjunction  with  the  army  by  the  fleets  in  the 
Tennessee  and  Cumberland  rivers  —  exacting  and  difficult 
service.  There  were  hot  engagements  with  the  Confederate 
batteries  and  troops  on  the  banks.  Lee  received  the  sur 
render  of  the  last  of  the  Confederate  fleet  on  western 
waters. 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  Kentucky.  President  of  the  United 
States:  as  such,  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Army  and 
Navy  of  the  United  States.  November  12th,  1861,  he 
ordered  that  a  naval  expedition  should  be  fitted  out  for  the 
capture  of  New  Orleans.  He  exercised  some  direction  of 
the  War  throughout. 

Lindsey,  D.  W.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Middle  Creek.  Retreat  from  Cumberland  Gap. 
He  was  under  fire  at  Chickasaw  Bluffs.  Capture  of  Arkan 
sas  Post.  Port  Gibson.  Champion's  Hill.  Big  Black 
River.  Vicksburg  assaults,  May  19th  and  22d,  1863. 

Loan,  Benj.  F.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  Missouri 
State  Militia. 

Long,  Eli,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Army. 
Perryville.  Tullahoma.  Tuscumbia  Creek,  surprise  and 
capture  of  Confederates.  Wounded  at  Stone  River.  He 
reached  Huntsville,  Ala.,  with  others,  July  3d,  1863,  cap 
turing  prisoners  and  supplies.  By  a  saber  charge  he  dis 
lodged  Wheeler's  rear-guard  near  Murfreesboro,  October 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     331 

5th,  1863.  Duck  River,  fierce  charge  against  Davidson's 
division,  driving  the  Confederates  13  miles,  killing  and  cap 
turing  many.  He  fought  bravely  and  creditably  at  Farm- 
ington,  where  he  was  wounded.  Chickamauga,  pursuit  of 
Wheeler  and  Roddy.  Long  crossed  the  Chattanooga  River 
November  24th,  1863,  reached  Tyner's  Station,  and  went 
as  far  as  Charleston,  Tenn.  He  was  dispatched  from 
Chattanooga  for  the  relief  of  Knoxville.  Long,  with  the 
troops  advancing  to  its  relief,  was  sent  with  picked  men  to 
communicate  with  the  besieged  army.  His  services  were 
of  merit.  At  Calhoun,  with  a  small  force,  he  defeated 
Wheeler's.  He  charged  a  small  force  which  had  become 
separated  from  the  rest  after  the  main  fight  and  scattered 
it,  taking  prisoners.  He  was  wounded  in  reconnoissance 
on  Dalton.  In  May,  1864,  commanding  cavalry,  he  was  in 
Blair's  march  from  Huntsville,  Ala.,  on  Rome  and  Kings 
ton.  Fought  spiritedly  at  Lovejoy's  Station.  Long  was 
ordered  to  help  push  Forrest  toward  Selma.  At  Ebenezer 
Church,  his  division  attacked  the  Confederates,  and,  with 
the  aid  of  A.  J.  Alexander's  brigade,  carried  the  position 
in  a  short  time.  The  Confederates  retreated  toward  Selma. 
Long  captured  a  gun  at  Mulberry  Creek.  Long's  division 
took  the  advance  on  Selma.  He  arrived  first  at  Boyle's 
Creek ;  dismounted  his  men,  and,  forming  on  the  left  of  the 
road,  he  charged  and  broke  the  Confederate  line,  and  cap 
tured  a  gun.  His  division  and  two  additional  brigades 
carried  the  works  at  Selma  in  a  single  sweeping  charge, 
dismounted.  Confederate  cavalry  were  operating  in  his 
rear,  but  he  sent  a  regiment  to  help  guard  it,  and  kept  on, 
taking  the  intrenchments.  His  line  was  completely  ex 
posed.  Long  drove  the  Confederates  to  the  city.  Fight 
ing  gallantly,  he  was  severely  wounded.  32  cannon,  large 
stores,  and  2,700  prisoners  were  captured.  The  arsenal 
and  powder  works  were  destroyed.  Long  achieved  a  bright 
reputation  in  the  War. 

Love,   John,  Virginia.     Major   General   Indiana   legion 
militia.     Commanded  a  force  in  pursuit,  through  Indiana, 


332      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

of  Morgan's  raiders,  repulsing  them  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Ind., 
July  llth,  1863. 

McCann,  W.  P.,  Kentucky.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Reenforced  Fort  Pickens  April  14th-15th,  1861.  In  June 
he  landed  additional  reinforcements.  In  1862  he  operated 
on  the  York,  Pamunkey  and  James  rivers.  Commanded 
the  Marat anza  against  Yorktown.  He  had  several  engage 
ments  with  batteries  there  and  at  Gloucester  Point.  At 
West  Point,  May  7th,  1862,  he  drove  off  the  Confederate 
battery  attacking  the  force  which  had  landed.  Protecting 
the  army  at  Malvern  Hill.  He  captured  the  gunboat 
Teazer,  Point  of  Rocks.  He  captured  several  blockade- 
runners  on  the  Potomac  River.  At  New  Bern,  Hill  and 
Pettigrew  attacked  Camp  Anderson,  and  his  vessel,  the 
Hunchback,  helped  silence  the  guns  and  compel  the  army 
to  withdraw.  He  fought  with  skill  and  vigor.  The  Con 
federates  had  18  guns.  During  the  siege  of  Washington, 
N.  C.,  he  had  command  of  five  gunboats.  Commanded  the 
Kennebec  in  the  blockade  of  Mobile  Bay.  He  captured  at 
sea  three  blockade-runners.  In  the  battle  of  Mobile  Bay, 
he  commanded  the  Kennebec  lashed  to  the  Monongahela, 
which  rammed  the  Tennessee.  He  assisted  in  the  destruc 
tion  of  the  Ivanhoe  under  the  guns  of  Fort  Morgan.  He 
pursued  and  engaged  the  Morgan. 

McClernand,  John  A.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of 
Volunteers.  At  the  beginning  of  the  War  he  recruited  a 
brigade.  At  Belmont,  commanding  one  of  the  two  bri 
gades,  he  fought  bravely.  He  assisted  in  planning  the 
expedition  against  Fort  Henry.  He  moved  to  surround 
the  Fort,  when  up,  and  troops  were  withdrawn,  and  the 
Fort  surrendered.  At  Fort  Donelson,  February  13th,  he 
made  a  small  assault  on  the  earthworks,  and  February  15th 
the  defensive  battle  was  fought  by  him.  He  was  the  com 
mander  of  the  right  wing,  which  was  attacked.  He  sus 
tained  the  battle  from  early  morning  until  3  p.  M.,  by  his 
own  conceptions.  At  Shiloh  he  sent  three  regiments  to 
the  support  of  the  left  flank  of  the  forward  division  before 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     333 

the  attack  fell  on  his.  He  held  the  right  after  that  divi 
sion  was  demolished,  and  fought  hard  all  day.  He  had  to 
change  the  front  of  half  his  command  to  the  west.  He 
was  intrepid,  and  occupied  eight  successive  positions  dur 
ing  the  day.  McClernand  did  valiant  service  next  day. 
He  commanded  the  reserves  in  the  advance  on  Corinth. 
He  was  empowered  by  the  Federal  Government,  October 
21st,  1862,  to  raise  and  organize  troops  to  aid  him  in  an 
expedition  from  Cairo  against  Vicksburg,  to  open  the  Mis 
sissippi  thereto,  while  another  expedition  should  move  up 
from  New  Orleans,  the  two  to  be  combined.  He  concen 
trated  troops  at  Memphis.  He  was  in  command  of  the 
13th  corps  from  December  18th,  1862.  McClernand  took 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi  at  Milliken's 
Bend,  January  4th,  1863,  32,000  men,  and  sailed  up  the 
Arkansas  River,  accompanied  by  the  fleet.  He  disem 
barked  January  10th  near  Arkansas  Post,  which  surren 
dered  to  the  combined  attack  of  the  army  and  fleet  next 
day.  Confederates  lost  5,000  men.  McClernand's  was 
the  advance  corps  from  the  north  to  the  south  of  Vicks 
burg.  He  encamped  at  Carthage,  La.,  south  of  Vicksburg. 
He  then  marched  further  down  to  Perkin's  Landing. 
Then  he  moved  to  Hard  Times,  22  miles  below.  His  corps, 
in  making  the  march  from  Milliken's  Bend  to  Hard  Times, 
fought  with  general  success,  and  built  the  road  for  the  rest 
of  the  army.  He  received  information  that  there  was  a 
good  landing  place  at  Bruinsburg,  with  a  road  thence  to 
Port  Gibson,  which  would  enable  the  army  to  reach  the 
rear  of  Vicksburg.  He  disembarked  at  Bruinsburg,  and 
led  the  advance  on  Port  Gibson,  the  army  crossing  the 
Mississippi  River  at  Bruinsburg.  By  a  forced  march  he 
reached  Port  Gibson,  surprised  the  Confederates,  and  de 
feated  them  there.  He  planned  the  battle  and  disposed 
the  forces.  The  Confederates  retreated  when  outflanked. 
Port  Gibson  was  occupied  next  day,  and  Grand  Gulf  was 
evacuated  by  the  Confederates.  McClernand  withdrew 
skillfully  from  the  front  of  the  Confederates  at  Edwards 


334      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Station.  He  seized  Bolton,  appointed  by  J.  E.  Johnston 
as  the  junction  point  where  he  hoped  the  Vicksburg  army 
and  his  could  unite.  At  Champion's  Hill,  McClernand's 
was  the  only  corps  up  when  the  battle  began.  He  attacked 
the  Confederates  and  helped  to  win  the  victory,  the  Con 
federates  losing  6,000  men.  It  was  his  corps  which  came 
upon  the  Confederates'  strong  position  at  Big  Black  River, 
and  carried  the  same  by  assault  —  a  lauded  achievement. 
In  the  second  assault  on  Vicksburg,  his  men  took  advanced 
intrenchments  in  several  places.  He  took  command  of  the 
13th  corps  at  Alexandria,  La.,  on  the  return  from  the  Red 
River  expedition,  April,  1864.  The  Confederates  attacked 
McClernand  near  Alexandria  April  &8th  and  got  between 
the  army  and  the  Mississippi.  He  commanded  the  13th 
corps  on  the  march  east  from  Alexandria. 

McFerran,  J.  C.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Served  in  New  Mexico.  Built  the  depot  and  post 
of  Fort  Union,  1861-62.  Chief  Quartermaster,  Depart 
ment  of  New  Mexico.  Peralta. 

Mclntosh,  John  B.,  Florida.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Peninsula  campaign.  Marked  conduct  at  White 
Oak  Swamp.  Chancellorsville.  At  Gettysburg,  when  Stu 
art's  cavalry  worked  around  toward  the  Federal  rear,  July 
3d,  Mclntosh,  who  understood  Stuart's  tactics  and  had  dis 
cerned  his  position,  moved  dismounted  cavalry  forward 
about  2  P.  M.  Confederates  met  them.  More  of  his  cav 
alry  moved  up,  and  he  sent  for  reinforcements.  He  drove 
Confederates  back,  occupying  their  position  about  the 
Rummel  house.  When  the  full  Confederate  line  charged 
the  reenforced  Federals,  Mclntosh  had  his  left  charge, 
rallying  staff,  buglers  and  orderlies,  and  gathering  up 
other  men  for  the  charge,  and  struck  the  Confederate  right 
flank.  The  flank  attack  told  on  the  Confederates.  They 
fell  back  to  their  starting  point.  Mclntosh  established  an 
advanced  skirmish  line.  His  bravery  and  generalship 
stood  the  Federals  in  need.  Wilderness.  Battles  around 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      335 

Petersburg.  Dash  and  good  management  at  Opequon, 
where  he  lost  a  leg.  The  Ashland  cavalry  fight  was 
brought  on  by  him,  in  a  successful  dash  at  the  railroad 
bridges  over  the  South  Anna. 

McMillan,  James  W.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of 
Volunteers.  Commanded  a  division  in  the  Red  River  cam 
paign.  At  Pleasant  Grove,  he  was  brought  up  when 
Emory's  right  wras  heavily  pressed,  and  restored  the  hope. 
At  Pleasant  Hill,  when  the  army  was  breaking,  his  men 
made  a  charge,  which  was  of  vital  aid.  The  Confederates 
exposed  their  right  flank,  and  were  thrown  into  confusion, 
and  the  Federals  held  on  till  night.  At  Cedar  Creek,  after 
the  Confederate  pursuit  had  been  checked,  the  end  brigade 
on  the  Confederate  left  was  not  in  touch  with  the  next 
brigade.  In  the  Federal  counter-attack,  McMillan's  divi 
sion  enveloped  the  Confederate  left  flank  and  broke  it. 
The  retreat  of  the  left  wing  ensued. 

McNair,  Antoine  R.,  Louisiana.  Commanded  the  Semi- 
nole.  Attack  on  Fort  Sumter  in  1862,  and  defenses  of 
Charleston.  Capture  of  batteries  on  Morris  Island.  In 
command  of  the  PowJiatan  and  New  Ironsides.  He  par 
ticipated  in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher. 

Marshall,  Chas.  A.,  Kentucky.  Led  the  advance  of 
Nelson  in  his  campaign  in  eastern  Kentucky  in  1861. 
Bore  the  brunt  of  the  fight  at  Ivy  Creek. 

Marshall,  William  R.,  Missouri.  Fought  Indians  first 
part  of  the  War.  Battles  near  Tupelo  after  June,  1864. 
Expedition  to  Oxford,  Miss.,  in  August.  Engaged  in  pur 
suit  of  Price  through  Arkansas  and  Missouri.  At  Nash 
ville,  December  15th,  in  assault  on  a  Confederate  redoubt 
on  the  Hillsboro  pike,  commanding  a  brigade,  he  led  the 
men  over  the  works,  captured  the  guns  and  pursued 
the  Confederates  a  half  mile.  On  the  16th,  he  led  his  bri 
gade  in  a  charge  on  the  Confederate  works,  and,  on  horse 
back,  was  among  the  first  over  the  breastworks  and  among 
the  gunners,  capturing  the  Pointe  Coupee  battery  of  four 


336      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

brass  pieces.  He  led  his  brigade  in  the  advance  on  Spanish 
Fort.  He  was  wounded  in  the  neck,  but  continued  in 
command. 

Martin,  Jas.  S.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Atlanta  campaign. 

Matthews,  E.  O.,  Maryland.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Assisted  in  the  capture  of  the  forts  at  Hatteras  Inlet. 
Commanded  the  Sonoma.  In  land  and  water  expedition  up 
Broad  River,  November  28th,  1864,  against  the  railroad 
connecting  Charleston  and  Savannah.  He  commanded 
naval  light  artillery  at  Honey  Hill.  Battles  at  Tulifinny 
Cross  Roads,  December,  1864. 

Maynadier,  Henry  E.,  Virginia.  Performed  courageous 
and  good  service  while  commanding  the  mortar  flotilla  dur 
ing  the  operations  against  Island  No.  10  and  other  Con 
federate  forts  on  the  Mississippi  River.  He  did  good 
service  in  the  battle  of  Memphis.  Honorable  service  on 
the  frontier  while  operating  against  hostile  Indians,  and 
accomplishing  much  toward  bringing  about  peace  with  hos 
tile  tribes. 

Mayo,  William  K.,  Virginia.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  the  Kanawha,  November,  1862.  Fight  with 
Fort  Morgan,  October  12th,  1863,  displaying  bravery. 
At  the  beginning  of  1864,  he  was  in  the  West  Gulf  Block 
ading  Squadron.  In  July,  1864,  he  took  command  of  the 
monitor  Ndhant  in  front  of  Charleston,  and  discovered  the 
port  was  not  closed  to  commerce.  A  more  vigorous  system 
was  adopted  with  good  results.  Fall  of  Charleston. 

Meigs,  Montgomery  C.,  Georgia.  Brigadier  General 
IT.  S.  Army.  Quartermaster  General,  U.  S.  Army. 
Formed  a  plan  and  proposed  an  expedition  for  throwing 
in  troops  and  mounting  heavy  guns  at  Fort  Pickens.  He 
organized  and  conducted  the  expedition,  and  it  relieved  the 
Fort.  As  chief  engineer  for  it,  he  was  at  Fort  Pickens 
in  a  government  vessel  when  the  Atlantic,  chartered  by  him, 
and  the  Powhatan  arrived,  with  soldiers,  artillery  and  pro 
visions.  Pensacola,  He  directed  the  equipping  and  sup- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      337 

plying  of  the  armies  in  the  field,  May  15th,  1861,  to  the 
end  of  the  War.  He  issued  proposals  for  the  building  of 
iron-clads  for  the  Mississippi  River,  and  contracted  on  be 
half  of  the  Government  for  the  building  of  a  number  of 
iron-clad  gunboats  for  the  western  waters.  Seven  were 
launched  before  the  close  of  1861.  He  was  present  at 
Bull  Run.  He  provided  transportation  and  supplies  for 
the  forces  at  Chattanooga,  and  was  present  during  its  bom 
bardment  and  investment.  Engaged  in  the  battle  of  Chat 
tanooga.  In  command  of  Belle  Plain  and  Fredericksburg 
(base  of  supplies  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac)  May  16th— 
18th,  1864.  On  special  mission  to  Bermuda  Hundred, 
May  21st— 26th.  Defense  of  Washington,  commanding  a 
brigade  of  quartermaster's  employes  and  other  troops, 
forming  the  division  occupying  the  trenches  east  of  Fort 
Stevens,  July  llth— 14th,  1864.  At  Savannah  January 
5th-29th,  1865,  supplying  and  refitting  the  army  there. 
At  Goldsboro  March  22d  to  April  13th,  directing  the  open 
ing  of  communications  for  again  supplying  armies. 

Meigs,  John  R.,  District  of  Columbia.  Bull  Run. 
Rocky  Gap.  Droop  Mountain.  Chief  Engineer  of  the 
Department  of  West  Virginia,  November  3d,  1863,  to 
August  17th,  1864.  In  Salem  raid.  Raid  upon  Staunton, 
May,  1864.  New  Market.  Lynchburg  raid.  Piedmont. 
Diamond  Hill.  Chief  Engineer  middle  military  division, 
Shenandoah  Valley  army,  August  17th  to  October  3d, 
1864.  Opequon.  Fisher's  Hill. 

Merchant,  Clarke,  Georgia.  In  command  of  the  Pensa- 
cola  and  Roanoke. 

Meredith,  Solomon,  North  Carolina.  Major  General 
of  Volunteers.  South  Mountain.  Antietam.  He  was 
wounded  at  Gainesville,  Va.  He  commanded  the  "  Iron 
Brigade."  Fredericksburg.  Forced  the  crossing  of  the 
Rappahannock  in  April,  1863.  Chancellorsville.  He 
opened,  as  regards  the  infantry,  the  three-days'  battle  of 
Gettysburg.  He  swung  around  his  Iron  Brigade  at  a 
critical  juncture,  struck  Archer  on  the  flank  and  helped 


338      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

capture  him  and  several  hundred  prisoners.  He  pursued 
across  Willoughby  Run.  The  Federals  reestablished  their 
line  on  McPherson's  ridge  as  a  result  of  Meredith's  suc 
cess,  he  holding  McPherson's  wood.  He  repeatedly  re 
pulsed  Confederate  assaults,  but  the  retirement  of  other 
troops  uncovered  his  left  and  he  fell  back  to  successive 
positions,  inflicting  heavy  losses.  Some  of  his  men  manned 
a  battery,  raked  Scales'  brigade  and  broke  it.  Meredith 
was  severely  wounded.  Next  day  the  Iron  Brigade  was  on 
Gulp's  hill.  It  suffered  next  to  the  heaviest  loss  at 
Gettysburg,—  1,153,  to  the  Confederate  Armstead's  1,191. 
In  command  of  Cairo  early  in  1864,  and  of  Paducah  to  the 
close  of  the  War. 

Middleton,  Edward,  South  Carolina.  Naval  Captain. 
Commanded  steam  sloops  in  the  Pacific  Squadron  from 
1861  to  1865. 

Miles,  D.  S.,  Maryland.  Defenses  of  Washington,  July, 
1861.  He  commanded  the  reserves  at  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run.  Commanded  a  brigade  guarding  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad.  Opposed  Jackson's  demonstration  against 
Harper's  Ferry,  May  26th  to  30th,  1862.  He  was  in  com 
mand  of  Harper's  Ferry  when  it  surrendered,  and  was 
mortally  wounded. 

Missroun,  J.  S.,  South  Carolina.  Ordnance  officer,  Bos 
ton  navy  yard. 

Mitchel,  O.  McKnight,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of 
Volunteers.  In  command  of  Department  of  the  Ohio,  Sep 
tember  19th  to  November  15th,  1861.  He  constructed  de 
fenses  at  Cincinnati.  Organized  an  expedition  for  the 
occupation  of  east  Tennessee  October  10th,  1861.  As 
signed  to  command  of  Camp  Jenkins,  near  Louisville, 
November  19th.  He  organized  volunteers  at  Louisville. 
December  3d,  1861,  he  was  given  command  of  the  3d  divi 
sion,  Army  of  the  Ohio.  He  served  with  the  Army  of  the 
Ohio  during  the  campaigns  of  Tennessee  that  winter.  He 
occupied  Bowling  Green,  hurrying  A.  S.  Johnston's  rear 
guard  thence.  Occupied  Nashville  in  February,  1862. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

He  made  one  of  the  most  noted  expeditions  of  the  early 
history  of  the  War,  best  known  as  the  "  locomotive  chase." 
Starting  at  Nashville,  he  marched  through  Murfreesboro 
and  Fayetteville,  and  arrived  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  April 
llth,  1862,  capturing  many  railroad  trains  and  engines: 
pushed  on  to  Tuscumbia,  and  sent  an  expedition  to  Russell- 
ville,  Ala.  At  Bridgeport,  he  caused  a  portion  of  his  com 
mand  to  confront  the  Confederates,  and  the  main  force  to 
make  a  detour  and  advance  upon  Bridgeport.  The  Con 
federates  were  surprised  and  driven  across  the  Tennessee 
River.  He  took  Bridgeport.  He  dispersed  the  other  por 
tion  of  the  Confederate  force,  coming  up  to  assist  their 
comrades.  He  took  possession  of  the  railroad  from  De- 
catur  to  Stephenson.  He  was  placed  in  command  of  all 
the  troops  between  Nashville  and  Huntsville.  He  sent  an 
expedition  against  Rogersville,  and  gained  control  of  all 
of  Alabama  north  of  the  Tennessee  River.  Chattanooga 
was  assailed  June  6th,  1862,  under  his  orders.  His  opera 
tions  drew  Kirby  Smith  from  east  Tennessee,  and  opened 
the  way  for  the  seizure  of  Cumberland  Gap.  The  Con 
federate  plan  of  campaign  was  deranged  by  Mitchel's 
expedition  against  Chattanooga.  He  was  transferred  to 
command  at  Port  Royal  in  June,  1862.  In  command  of 
the  Department  of  the  South  and  10th  corps,  September 
17th  to  October  30th,  1862. 

Morris,  T.  A.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Appointed  Quartermaster  General  of  Indiana,  and 
had  charge  of  the  equipment  of  Indiana's  first  regiments. 
As  General,  he  commanded  the  first  brigade  of  troops  that 
went  from  that  State.  West  Virginia  campaign.  He 
sent  two  columns  to  Philippi  by  night,  which  surprised 
and  routed  the  Confederates.  His  were  the  troops  at 
Laurel  Hill  and  Carrick's  Ford  —  Federal  successes.  He 
pursued  the  Confederates  from  Laurel  Hill.  He  had  been 
placed  in  command  of  all  the  troops  in  western  Virginia, 
while  a  superior  was  not  present. 

Morrow,  Henry  A.,  Virginia.     Major  General  of  Vol- 


340      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

unteers.  Fredericksburg.  Good  conduct  at  Fitzhugh's 
Crossing.  Honorable  mention  at  Chancellorsville.  Expe 
dition  to  Port  Royal  and  Northern  Neck,  and  to  Westmore 
land  C.  H.  Wounded  at  Gettysburg  the  first  day  while 
carrying  the  flag  of  a  regiment  after  four  color-bearers 
had  been  killed  and  three  wounded.  Prisoner  July  1st  to 
4th.  Escaping,  he  rejoined  his  command.  Commanded  a 
brigade  at  Culpeper.  Severely  wounded  at  the  Wilder 
ness.  Severely  wounded  at  Dabney's  Mills.  Gallantry 
and  good  conduct  in  operations  before  Petersburg.  Gal 
lant  and  meritorious  at  Hatcher's  Run,  severely  wounded 
while  bearing  the  colors  of  a  regiment  in  rallying  troops. 
In  the  expedition  to  Meherrin  River  and  commanded  the 
rear-guard  on  retreat.  Commanded  the  Iron  Brigade  from 
Petersburg. 

Murray,  E.  H.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Commanding  cavalry,  was  eminent  when  Confed 
erates  got  in  the  Federal  rear  at  Murfreesboro.  Raised  to 
command  of  cavalry  near  Resaca  May  14th,  1864. 

Nelson,  William,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of  Volun 
teers.  At  Washington  on  ordnance  duty  when  the  War 
began.  He  planned  the  bringing  of  muskets  owned  by  the 
United  States  Government  into  Kentucky.  He  organized 
two  camps  and  raised  regiments.  Established  Camp  Dick 
Robinson.  Made  Lieutenant  Commander  July  16th,  1861, 
and  assigned  to  the  command  of  gunboats  patrolling  the 
Ohio  River.  His  command  at  Camp  Dick  Robinson  formed 
the  nucleus  of  Thomas'  army.  Formally  exchanged  from 
the  navy  to  the  army,  September  16th,  1861.  He  organ 
ized  a  force  which  drove  the  Confederates  from  eastern 
Kentucky.  Routed  Confederates  at  Ivy  Creek.  Caused  a 
Confederate  force  to  retire  through  Pound  Gap.  Placed 
in  command  of  the  4th  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  Decem 
ber  3d,  1861.  He  occupied  Nashville.  His  rapid  march 
gave  the  army  overborne  at  Shiloh  necessary  reenforce- 
ments.  He  got  his  leading  brigade  under  Ammen  on  the 
field  in  time  for  salvation  of  the  army  there  from  final  dis- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     341 

aster,  arriving  in  person  with  it,  and  entering  into  the 
struggle.  Aimiien  repulsed  a  charge  at  6 :30  p.  M.  Nel 
son  led  the  advance  next  day  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle. 
After  Forrest  took  Murfreesboro,  July  13th,  1862,  Nelson 
moved  against  him,  then  constructed  strong  fieldworks  at 
Murfreesboro.  When  Confederate  cavalry  moved  into 
Kentucky,  Nelson  was  sent  there  to  organize  troops,  restore 
communications  and  operate  against  them.  He  labored  to 
prepare  against  the  advance  of  Kirby  Smith  into  Kentucky, 
August,  1862.  He  ordered  troops  to  Richmond.  Smith 
came  up  with  them  and  forced  them  back.  In  a  new  posi 
tion  Nelson  reached  the  field  and  was  engaged  toward  the 
end  of  the  battle  of  Richmond,  sustaining  a  wound.  After 
the  defeat  at  Richmond,  he  went  to  Louisville,  and  organ 
ized  from  various  directions  30,000  or  40,000  troops.  He 
commanded  at  Louisville  when  Bragg  was  marching  to 
ward  it  ahead  of  the  Federal  army. 

Newton,  John,  Virginia.  Major  General  of  Volunteers. 
Chief  Engineer,  Department  of  Pennsylvania,  May  29th 
to  July  23d,  1861,  accompanying  the  army  in  the  Shenan- 
doah  Valley.  Falling  Waters.  Chief  Engineer,  Depart 
ment  of  the  Shenandoah,  July  25th  to  August  26th. 
Assistant  Engineer  in  the  construction  of  the  defenses  of 
Washington,  September  23d,  1861,  to  March  10th,  1862. 
He  commanded  a  brigade  there  at  the  same  time.  Showed 
ability  at  West  Point,  Va.  His  brigade  was  the  one  most 
heavily  engaged.  He  repulsed  the  Confederates  and  occu 
pied  advance  ground  by  night.  At  Games'  Mill,  Newton, 
arriving  at  4  p.  M.,  was  sent  to  the  center,  drove  back  Con 
federates,  and  retook  ground  held  by  them  a  short  time. 
At  Glendale  his  brigade  did  well.  Served  in  the  retreat 
from  Bull  Run  to  Washington,  September  1st  and  2d, 
1862.  In  the  forcing  of  Crampton's  Gap,  Newton's  ac 
tivity  was  conspicuous.  His  brigade  helped  take  the  Gap. 
Distinction  at  South  Mountain.  He  fought  with  force  and 
merit  at  Antietam.  Commanded  a  division  in  the  Rappa- 
hannock  campaign,  December,  1862,  to  June,  1863. 


342     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Fredericksburg.  In  the  Chancellorsville  campaign,  New 
ton's  division  led  from  the  river  and  opened  the  way  to 
the  rear  and  left  of  Fredericksburg.  The  attack  on 
Marye's  Heights  was  made  under  his  direction  —  two  col 
umns  supported  by  a  line.  The  onset  was  checked  but 
resumed,  and  the  stone  wall  was  carried.  He  reached  the 
Confederate  flank.  1,000  prisoners  and  some  artillery 
were  taken.  At  Salem  Church,  Newton,  with  the  left  wing, 
made  several  vigorous  assaults.  There  was  a  very  severe 
fight.  The  crest  of  the  woods  was  gained,  but  the  Con 
federates  forced  the  Federals  back.  Newton  made  the 
arrangements  for  withdrawal  via  Bank's  Ford  May  4th, 
quickly  acquainting  himself  with  the  roads  thereto,  and 
having  pontoons  made  ready.  The  troops  were  safely 
crossed  that  night.  Pennsylvania  campaign.  At  Gettys 
burg  the  morning  of  the  1st,  Newton  took  command  of  the 
1st  corps,  which  was  in  a  terrible  battle.  It  fought  in 
McPherson's  woods,  on  Seminary  Ridge,  and  in  other 
positions  in  its  backward  fight  to  Cemetery  Ridge.  Late 
in  the  day,  one  of  his  divisions  occupied  Gulp's  Hill.  On 
the  £d  two  of  his  divisions  were  brought  up  to  the  aid  of 
the  left.  One  of  his  divisions  was  on  Gulp's  Hill  during 
Edward  Johnson's  attack.  The  right  flank  was  turned  by 
the  Confederates,  who  were  stopped  by  two  regiments  of 
the  1st  corps  placed  in  echelon.  July  3d,  most  of  his 
troops  occupied  the  line  just  south  of  where  Pickett  broke 
the  line.  Newton  stood  behind  batteries  which  opened 
a  destructive  fire,  causing  the  Confederates  to  drift  further 
away.  The  advance  of  two  of  his  regiments,  with  the  fire 
of  these  batteries,  helped  cause  Wilcox,  Wright  and  Perry 
to  fall  back.  The  troops  of  a  brigade  of  the  1st  corps 
were  pushed  into  a  gap  between  the  Confederate  advancing 
lines,  and  much  of  the  assaulting  line  was  broken  off  and 
receded.  This  day  Newton  commanded  also  the  3d  divi 
sion  of  the  6th  corps.  He  retained  command  of  the  1st 
corps  until  the  reorganization  of  the  army,  March,  1864. 
During  the  battle  Newton  performed  arduous,  responsible 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      343 

and  trying  duties.  Following  up  of  Lee  to  Warrenton. 
Rapidan  campaign,  October  to  December,  1863.  Invasion 
of  Georgia,  commanding  a  division  in  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  May  2d  to  September  24th,  1864.  Opera 
tions  around  Dalton.  Buzzard's  Roost  Gap,  May  7th, 
1864.  Engaged  in  storming  Rocky  Face  Ridge.  His 
division  and  another  charged  and  cleared  the  ridge  at 
Tunnel  Hill.  One  of  his  brigades  advanced  along  Rocky 
Face  Ridge  May  8th.  One-third  of  the  edge  was  wrested 
from  the  Confederates.  On  May  12th  Newton  was  holding 
the  north  end  of  the  ridge  and  the  surrounding  roads. 
Only  one  corps  and  some  cavalry  were  present  and  John 
ston  attacked.  All  the  other  troops  were  in  motion,  con 
centrating  on  Snake  Creep  Gap.  A  heavy  column 
advanced  toward  Newton's  left.  Wood  moved  to  his  sup 
port.  The  Confederates  withdrew  after  driving  back 
Newton's  skirmishers.  At  Resaca  he  relieved  a  division 
which  was  hard  pressed.  He  had  to  go  over  heavily  ex 
posed  ground  to  reach  it.  In  the  battle  of  Resaca,  his  and 
R.  W.  Johnson's  divisions  plunged  into  the  thicket  and 
worked  their  way  into  the  reentrant  angle  in  Hardee's  front. 
He  grasped  firmly  the  ground  gained  in  his  front.  Adairs- 
ville.  Advance  to  Etowah  River.  Dallas.  He  engaged 
Johnston's  rear  on  the  way  to  Kingston.  Movement  on 
Pine  Mountain,  with  almost  daily  heavy  engagements, 
May  28th  to  June  20th,  1864.  New  Hope  Church. 
Pickett's  Mills  —  Confederates  came  out  of  their  works, 
and  attacked  Newton,  and  were  repulsed  with  loss.  At 
Pine  Mountain,  his  and  another  division,  with  supports, 
carried  an  intrenched  skirmish  line,  and  advanced  nearly 
to  Johnston's  main  line.  One  of  his  brigades  at  Mud 
Creek  captured  by  a  rush  an  intrenched  line  and  its  de 
fenses.  June  18th,  Newton  and  Wood  threw  forward  a 
strong  line  of  skirmishers,  partly  surprised  the  Confed 
erates,  and  took  a  portion  of  their  main  line.  Johnston 
abandoned  his  position.  Kenesaw  Mountain  —  his  divi 
sion  led  one  attack,  and  reached  the  Confederate  works. 


344      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

He  attacked  again  unsuccessfully.  The  position  compared 
in  strength  with  the  Cemetery  at  Gettysburg.  Passage  of 
the  Chattahoochee.  At  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Newton,  with 
the  practiced  eye  of  an  artillerist,  had  placed  two  guns  in 
an  important  location,  without  having  reason  to  feel  that 
a  battle  impended.  He  held  Thomas'  left  flank.  He  con 
structed  light  rail  barricades.  The  Confederates  advanced 
in  lines  that  overlapped  him.  There  was  a  two-mile  gap  on 
his  left,  and  troops  were  not  in  line  on  his  right.  He  made 
dispositions  for  defense.  His  division  was  the  first  struck. 
A  division  struck  him  in  front  and  another  passed  his 
left  flank  in  the  wide  gap,  and  a  third  attacked  his  right 
flank.  He  first  repulsed  the  attack  on  his  left,  using  re 
serve  artillery ;  next  he  repelled  the  front  attack,  his  rifles 
and  cannon  firing  incessantly.  One  brigade  which  par 
ticipated  then  changed  front  at  right  angles  and  engaged 
the  third  Confederate  division,  which  had  advanced  between 
Newton  and  the  troops  on  the  right,  and  had  faced  east. 
The  Confederates  were  ejected  with  the  aid  of  Ward's 
division.  The  second  general  attack  of  Hood  commenced 
on  Newton's  left,  in  the  effort  to  double  up  his  line  and  take 
it  in  reverse  as  well  as  in  flank.  Newton's  guns  and  others 
fired  furiously  and  the  attack  was  repulsed  there,  as  else 
where.  His  command  behaved  admirably,  and  Newton's 
defense  was  of  a  high  order.  Siege  of  Atlanta.  Assault 
on  intrenchments  at  Jonesboro.  Love  joy's  Station.  Oc 
cupation  of  Atlanta.  When  Hood  started  against  the 
army's  communications  Newton  was  sent  to  Chattanooga. 
His  division  and  another  were  sent  to  contend  with  Forrest 
in  Tennessee.  Forrest  was  expelled  and  communications 
were  restored.  In  command  of  District  of  Key  West  and 
Tortugas,  Fla.,  October,  1864,  to  the  end.  National 
Bridge,  near  St.  Marks,  Fla.  Newton  contributed  a  nota 
ble  part  toward  the  withstanding  and  final  dissipation  of 
the  Confederate  armies.  He  was  an  eminent  engineer  and 
fought  with  assurance. 

Nichols,    E.    T.,    Georgia.     Commander.     Commanded 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      345 

the  Winona,  West  Gulf  Blockading*  Squadron,  1861—2. 
Took  part  in  the  bombardment  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St. 
Philip,  receiving  fire  from  both  forts.  He  received  the 
surrender  of  Fort  St.  Philip.  He  was  in  the  attacks  upon 
and  passage  of  the  Vicksburg  batteries,  June  28th,  1862, 
and  July  15th,  1862.  Engagement  with  Confederate  ram 
Arkansas.  Commanded  the  Alabama.  Successfully  en 
gaged  Confederate  battery  at  Four  Mile  Creek,  Va.  He 
was  in  command  of  the  Mendota  at  the  beginning  of  1865. 

Nicholson,  W.  C.,  Maryland.      Commodore. 

Nottingham  had  his  name  changed  to  John  H.  Upshur. 

Oglesby,  Richard  J.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  His  men  were  the  first  to  enter  Fort  Henry. 
Distinction  at  Fort  Donelson.  At  Corinth,  Oglesby  was 
the  first  to  receive  the  Confederate  attack.  He  was  fairly 
formed  to  receive  it,  notwithstanding  the  suddenness.  Se 
verely  wounded,  he  was  unable  to  fight  afterward,  though 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  16th  corps.  He  was 
elected  Governor  of  Illinois  in  1864. 

Ord,  E.  O.  C.,  Maryland.  Major  General  of  Volunteers. 
In  command  of  the  brigade  forming  the  extreme  right 
before  Washington,  November,  1861,  to  May  2d,  1862. 
In  command  of  engaged  troops  at  Dranesville,  repulsing 
Stuart,  with  spirit  and  merit.  In  command  of  a  division 
in  the  Department  of  the  Rappahannock,  May  16th  to 
June,  1862.  He  was  at  Front  Royal  with  his  division 
while  the  army  moved  against  Jackson  to  Port  Republic 
and  Cross  Keys.  In  command  of  Corinth,  June  to  August, 
1862.  Commanded  the  left  wing  in  the  operations  in 
Mississippi,  August— September,  1862.  Advance  upon 
luka.  He  entered  luka,  September  20th.  In  command 
of  the  District  of  Jackson,  Tenn.,  September— October. 
Ord  joined  Hurlbut,  intercepting  Van  Dorn's  retreat  cross 
ing  the  Hatchie.  He  assumed  command,  and  the  head 
of  the  Confederate  column  was  driven  back.  He  was  se 
verely  wounded  while  fighting  vigorously.  The  Confeder 
ates  were  forced  to  change  their  route.  In  command  of 


346      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

West  Point,  May  24th-25th,  1863.  In  command  of  the 
13th  corps,  June  18th  to  October  28th.  Siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  June  18th  to  July  4th,  1863.  Operations  against 
relieving  forces  and  capture  of  Jackson,  Miss.,  July  16th. 
With  army  of  western  Louisiana,  August  to  October,  1863. 
In  command  of  the  13th  corps  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf,  January  8th  to  February  20th,  1864.  Commanded 
troops  assembled  at  Grafton,  Webster  and  Beverly,  W. 
Va.,  April  6th  to  July  9th,  1864.  In  command  of  the 
8th  corps  and  all  troops  in  the  Middle  Department,  July 
llth  to  21st,  1864 ;  of  the  18th  corps  July  21st  to  Septem 
ber  30th  in  the  operations  before  Petersburg  and  Rich 
mond.  Ord,  commanding  the  18th  corps,  and  Birney, 
carried  Fort  Harrison,  with  15  guns  and  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  intrenchments.  The  position  gained  seri 
ously  threatened  Richmond.  Ord  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  assault.  In  command  of  the  Army  of  the  James,  in 
cluding  the  24th  and  25th  corps,  January  8th  to  the  close 
of  the  War;  of  the  Department  of  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  January  8th  to  February  6th,  and  of  the  De 
partment  of  Virginia,  February  6th  to  the  end  of  the  War, 
being  engaged  in  the  various  operations  around  Peters 
burg,  and  the  pursuit  of  Lee  to  Appomattox.  When  the 
cavalry  moved  from  White  House  March  24th  for  the 
James  River,  Ord  sent  forces  to  cover  the  crossings  of 
the  Chickahominy.  Petersburg  assault,  April  2d,  1865 
—  Ord  was  engaged  early  and  broke  through  intrench 
ments.  About  8 :30  A.  M.  a  report  came  from  him  of  the 
capture  of  works  south  of  Hatcher's  Run.  He  helped 
greatly,  carrying  a  considerable  portion  of  the  Confederate 
line,  and  taking  many  prisoners.  Ord  and  the  6th  corps 
swung  to  the  right,  closing  all  Confederates  on  that  side 
of  them  in  Petersburg.  One  of  Ord's  divisions  carried 
Forts  Gregg  and  Alexander,  shortening  besieging  lines  and 
weakening  the  defenses  of  Petersburg.  Fort  Gregg  fought 
fiercely  and  was  the  last  outer  work  to  resist.  April  4th, 
Ord  marched  toward  Burkeville,  to  head  Lee  off  from  Dan- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      347 

villc.  April  6th,  lie  pushed  out  to  Rice's  Station.  He 
sent  a  force  to  destroy  High  Bridge,  beyond  Sailor's 
Creek,  over  the  Appomattox  River.  The  head  of  Lee's 
marching  column  came  upon  this  force  of  less  than  600 
infantry  and  cavalry,  hlocking  their  way  back.  They 
charged  Lee's  advancing  columns  repeatedly.  Most  of 
the  men  were  killed  or  wounded,  and  the  rest  finally  sur 
rendered.  They  cost  Lee  the  loss  of  precious  time  and  the 
capture  of  a  considerable  part  of  his  wagon  trains.  The 
movement  of  his  command  contributed  greatly  to  the  suc 
cess  at  Sailor's  Creek  that  day.  While  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  followed  on  the  road  taken  by  Lee,  Ord,  with 
the  Army  of  the  James,  marched  along  a  more  southerly 
road  to  interpose  in  front  of  him.  Ord  marched  with  two 
corps  from  daylight  on  April  8th  until  the  morning  of  the 
9th,  with  a  rest  of  only  three  hours,  and  deployed  his 
men,  barring  Lee's  advance  at  Appomattox  C.  H.,  Ord 
being  present  in  person.  The  skillful,  hard  march  through 
the  night  was  one  of  the  chief  causes  of  Lee's  surrender. 

Orme,  W.  W.,  District  of  Columbia.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  At  Prairie  Grove  he  crossed  the  creek  and 
forced  Confederates  back.  He  placed  artillery  which  re 
pelled  the  Confederate  advance.  Orme  fought  strenuously 
through  the  day,  leading  his  troops  to  recover  ground. 
Siege  of  Vicksburg. 

Otis,  Elwell  S.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Fought  well  at  Spotsylvania  C.  H.  He  com 
manded  a  regular  brigade  in  the  operations  around  Peters 
burg,  and  during  the  fall  of  1864  on  and  near  the  Weldon 
Railroad.  A  rifle  ball  passed  through  the  left  side  of 
his  head  while  serving  on  the  line  of  the  Weldon  Railroad. 

Palmer,  J.  McA.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Organized  a  regiment  in  Illinois.  He  accompanied 
Fremont  in  his  Springfield  campaign.  New  Madrid.  Is 
land  No.  10.  Placed  in  command  of  a  division  in  Sep 
tember,  1862.  At  Stone  River,  he  advised  against  trying 
to  occupy  Murfreesboro.  In  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  he 


848     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

had  severe  fighting.  He  withstood  terrific  assaults  in  the 
final  position.  He  was  so  nearly  enveloped  that  the  re 
serve  changed  front  to  the  rear.  His  strong,  skillful  and 
helpful  services  in  the  battle  were  recognized.  At  Chick- 
amauga,  the  19th,  he  reconnoitered  to  the  north.  When 
the  Confederates  broke  the  line  and  moved  to  double  up 
the  flank,  he  sent  supports.  The  quick  reformation  of 
his  division  helped  avert  disaster.  There  was  a  chasm  be 
tween  Thomas  and  Crittenden.  Palmer  and  Johnson 
moved  forward,  and  forced  Cheatham  back,  after  an  hour's 
fighting.  On  the  20th  he  supported  Thomas'  right,  and 
held  his  part  of  the  line  against  Bragg's  earnest  efforts. 
When  Breckenridge,  on  the  Confederate  right,  took  the 
Federal  main  line  in  reverse,  reserve  brigades  of  Palmer, 
Johnson  and  Brannan  drove  him  back  and  around  the  Fed 
eral  left.  Furious  attacks  upon  Palmer  failed.  He  was 
again  attacked  when  leaving  the  field.  Palmer's  heroism 
appears  at  Chickamauga.  Assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  14th  corps,  October  28th,  1863.  Palmer  participated 
in  the  taking  of  Missionary  Ridge.  When  the  Confed 
erate  left  was  turned,  a  division  retreating  north  struck 
upon  Palmer  where  the  Federals  were  already  victorious, 
and  he  took  many  prisoners.  He  overtook  and  charged 
the  rear-guard,  breaking  it  and  capturing  three  guns.  In 
pursuit  after  the  battle,  he  picked  up  many  prisoners  and 
much  abandoned  property.  Atlanta  campaign.  He  took 
possession  of  Tunnel  Hill  February  24th,  1864.  He  occu 
pied  Thomas'  center  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  attacking  the 
Gap.  Sent  a  brigade  up  one  of  the  spurs  south  of  Buz 
zard's  Roost  Gap.  At  Pickett's  Mill  he  was  in  the  attempt 
to  turn  the  Confederate  right.  June  10th,  Palmer's  corps 
advanced  toward  Pine  Mountain,  and  gained  an  eminence 
within  artillery  range.  He  was  actively  engaged  at  Kene- 
saw  Mountain.  His  troops  led  one  attack,  and  succeeded 
in  making  a  shelter  close  to  the  Confederate  works.  His 
left  received  part  of  the  attack  at  Peach  Tree  Creek.  The 
troops  were  driven  from  the  works,  but  the  enfilade  fire 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      349 

of  cannon  caused  the  Confederates  to  yield  them.  August 
4th  Palmer  felt  the  Confederate  line  heavily.  In  Febru 
ary,  1865,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Military  De 
partment  of  Kentucky.  He  was  actively  engaged  at 
Kingston. 

Patterson,  Thomas  H.,  Louisiana.  Commander.  Com 
manded  the  Chocura  in  Hampton  Roads  the  early  part  of 
1862.  Before  Yorktown.  His  was  the  leading  gunboat 
in  the  expedition  up  the  Pamunkey  River  to  White  House 
to  open  the  way  and  in  support  of  the  army.  He  co 
operated  with  the  advance  at  White  House  in  checking 
the  approach  of  Confederates.  He  proceeded  to  West 
Point.  He  was  senior  officer  of  the  naval  forces  in  the 
York  and  Pamunkey  rivers  and  in  constant  cooperation 
with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  June  to  October. 
Commanded  the  James  Adger  from  November  18th,  1862. 
Operations  of  the  South  Atlantic  Squadron  between  Jan 
uary  and  July,  1863.  On  blockade  duty  off  Wilmington, 
July  7th,  1863.  He  cut  out  the  steamer  Kate  from  under 
the  batteries  at  New  Inlet  near  Fort  Fisher,  July  31st.  At 
tack  upon  and  capture  of  flying  batteries  near  Fort  Fisher, 
August,  1863.  He  destroyed  the  clipper  Hebb.  Captured 
blockade  runners,  schooner  Ella,  Cornubia,  and  the  Robert 
E.  Lee,  loaded  with  arms  and  supplies  for  the  Confederate 
army.  He  took  part  in  the  blockade  of  Charleston.  Sen 
ior  officer  of  outside  blockade  off  Charleston,  September 
15th,  1864. 

Paul,  Gabriel  R.,  Missouri.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Operations  in  New  Mexico,  1861—2.  He  did 
good  service  in  helping  to  keep  the  Confederates  out  of 
New  Mexico.  In  command  of  Fort  Union,  December 
13th,  1861,  to  March,  1862,  and  of  the  southern  Military 
District  of  New  Mexico,  March  to  September,  1862.  Pe- 
ralta.  Fredericksburg.  Rappahannock  campaign.  Chan- 
cellorsville.  At  Gettysburg  he  was  attacked  by  Iverson. 
His  and  another  brigade  defeated  Iverson,  who  lost  500 
killed  and  wounded  and  three  regiments  captured.  He 


350      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

fought  with  valor  and  merit,  and  was  shot,  losing  the  sight 
of  both  eyes. 

Pendergrast,  Austin,  Kentucky.  Was  in  command  of 
the  Congress  the  latter  part  of  the  conflict  with  the  Vir 
ginia.  He  went  ashore.  Engaged  in  operations  of  the 
South  Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron  between  January 
and  July,  1863.  He  commanded  the  Water  Witch, 
1862—64.  She  was  boarded  by  the  Confederates,  and  he 
was  cut  down  while  defending  her. 

Pendergrast,  G.  J.,  Kentucky.  Commodore.  Com 
manded  the  Home  Squadron.  Cumberland. 

Pennock,  Alex.  M.,  Virginia.  Naval  Captain.  In  com 
mand  of  Cairo.  Had  charge  of  it  till  the  close  of  the 
War.  In  1862,  he  was  appointed  fleet  captain  of  the 
Mississippi  Squadron,  and  served  in  that  capacity  with 
notable  success  until  the  close  of  1864,  gaining  a  reputa 
tion  for  high  executive  ability.  In  command  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  Squadron  for  a  short  while. 

Pike,  Edward  C.,  Missouri.  Brigadier  General  Enrolled 
Missouri  Militia. 

Pleasanton,  Alfred,  District  of  Columbia.  Major  Gen 
eral  of  Volunteers.  Organizing  volunteers  at  Wilmington, 
Del.,  April,  1861.  Marched  a  regiment  from  Utah  to 
Washington,  September— October,  1861.  Defenses  of 
Washington,  November,  1861,  to  March,  1862.  Before 
Yorktown.  Seven  Days'  Battles.  Engaged  in  covering 
the  withdrawal  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  Yorktown, 
August  18th— 19th.  In  command  of  advance  cavalry  divi 
sion  in  Maryland  campaign,  being  engaged  in  driving  Con 
federates  from  Poolsville,  Barnesville,  and  Sugar  Loaf 
Mountain,  Frederick  City  and  through  Cactochin  Pass. 
South  Mountain.  Having  learned  the  ground  at  Turner's 
Gap  by  reconnoissance,  he  posted  the  advance  troops  of 
Reno's  corps.  His  batteries  were  well  served.  He  drove 
back  the  Confederate  cavalry  at  Boonsboro.  At  Antie- 
tam  he  advanced  about  three  brigades  of  cavalry  and  four 
batteries  across  Boonsboro  bridge,  supported  by  a  regi- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      351 

ment  of  regulars.  Presently  the  line  was  reenforced  by 
three  more  batteries  and  Buchanan's  brigade  of  regulars. 
They  felt  the  Confederate  line  heavily.  Shepherdstown. 
Martinsburg.  Fredericksburg.  He  had  the  advance  with 
a  small  cavalry  force  in  the  movement  from  near  Falmouth 
toward  Chancellorsville  to  turn  Lee's  left  flank.  At  Chan- 
cellorsville  he  watched  Confederates  marching  by  Catharine 
Furnace.  When  Jackson  routed  the  llth  corps,  he  had 
a  regiment  charge  into  the  woods,  which  had  effect.  Some 
of  his  cavalry  attacked  Jackson's  right  flank.  He  got  his 
battery  of  horse  artillery  into  position.  Six  more  guns 
were  offered  him,  and  he  succeeded  in  getting  ten  more, 
making  twenty-two.  He  poured  in  canister.  Three 
charges  against  the  guns  were  made  and  repelled  with  exe 
cution.  In  front  of  these  batteries  Jackson  fell.  He  had 
a  large  part  in  staying  Jackson's  advance,  and  saving  the 
army  from  serious  disaster.  He  finally  had  forty  guns  in 
position.  The  artillery  was  engaged  against  Jackson's 
infantry  at  night.  This  artillery  did  heavy  execution  next 
day  against  Stuart.  In  command  of  cavalry  corps,  June 
7th,  1863,  to  March  26th,  1864.  Beverly  Ford.  Aldie. 
Middleburg.  Upperville.  Commander  of  the  cavalry 
corps  at  Gettysburg.  He  had  Buford  enter  Gettysburg, 
June  30th  p.  M.  He  moved  from  Emmitsburg  July  3d 
directly  toward  the  baggage  and  ammunition  trains  of  Lee, 
and  was  met  at  Fairfield  by  Confederate  cavalry.  He 
fought  with  courage  and  merit.  Following  up  of  Lee  to 
Warrenton.  Capture  of  Culpeper  C.  H.  In  command  at 
Brandy  Station,  October  llth,  1863.  In  the  Department 
of  Missouri,  March  23d,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 
He  followed  Price  from  St.  Louis,  was  engaged  in  the 
defense  of  Jefferson  City,  followed  him  up  the  Missouri 
River,  and  at  the  Big  Blue  River,  just  as  the  army  was 
being  driven  from  the  line  of  the  Big  Blue,  Pleasanton's 
cavalry  came  up  and  attacked  Price's  rear  east  of  Inde 
pendence,  routing  it.  Pleasanton  sent  a  message  to  the 
army  reporting  his  arrival.  By  sundown  next  day  Price 


352      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

was  retreating.  Pleasanton  was  in  command  of  the  cavalry 
pursuing  Price  toward  Fort  Scott,  Kan.  At  Marais  des 
Cygnes,  part  of  Price's  army  made  a  stand,  with  the  ar 
tillery  on  a  high  mound  in  the  prairie.  Pleasanton's  cav 
alry  charged  handsomely,  broke  the  Confederate  line,  and 
captured  Generals  Marmaduke  and  Cabell  and  a  large 
number  of  men  and  ten  guns.  Price  retreated,  harassed 
by  the  cavalry,  and  was  pursued  out  of  Missouri.  Pleas- 
anton's  career  in  the  War  was  creditable. 

Pleasanton,  Augustus  J.,  District  of  Columbia.  Brig 
adier  General  Pennsylvania  militia,  organizing  and  com 
manding  a  home  guard  of  10,000  men  for  the  defense  of 
Philadelphia. 

Pope,  Curran,  Kentucky.  Was  mortally  wounded  while 
commanding  a  brigade  at  Perryville. 

Pope,  John,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of  Volunteers. 
In  command  of  the  District  of  Northern  Missouri,  July 
17th  to  October,  1861.  In  August  he  was  operating  with 
5,000  men  in  northern  Missouri.  In  command  of  the  2d 
division  of  the  army  operating  against  Price  in  Missouri, 
October  to  December,  1861,  and  of  the  District  of  Central 
Missouri,  December,  1861,  to  February  18th,  1862.  In 
JVlissouri,  he  organized  rapidly  an  army  of  about  12,000 
men;  surrounded  Confederates  and  captured  at  Milford  a 
large  supply  of  provisions  and  numerous  prisoners,  and 
compelled  the  retreat  of  Price  from  the  Osage  River  to  the 
•southern  border  of  Missouri.  In  command  of  the  Army  of 
the  Mississippi  in  the  movement  on  New  Madrid,  terminat 
ing  in  its  occupation.  Pope,  by  skill  and  industry,  opened  a 
canal  from  a  point  above  Island  No.  10  to  New  Madrid,  by 
which  he  interposed  between  the  Confederate  army  and 
the  line  of  supply  and  retreat.  His  reputation  was  en 
hanced  by  the  capture  of  Island  No.  10.  He  captured  a 
large  part  of  the  retreating  Confederate  army  at  and  near 
Tiptonville.  In  the  movement  5,000  prisoners  were  taken 
without  the  loss  of  a  man.  Pope,  with  20,000  men  in 
transports,  moved  down  to  Fort  Pillow.  He  was  withdrawn 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      353 

thence  to  the  army  advancing  upon  Corinth,  commanding 
the  Army  of  the  Mississippi  therein.  At  Farmington,  a 
division  of  Pope's  wing  was  assailed  by  a  large  force  and 
fought  for  several  hours.  Upon  the  evacuation  of  Cor 
inth,  Pope,  with  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  pur 
sued,  capturing  provisions,  arms  and  supplies.  He 
pursued  to  Baldwin.  In  command  of  the  Army  of  Vir 
ginia,  June  27th  to  September  2d,  1862.  Cedar  Mountain. 
Bristoe  Station,  where  some  captures  of  Confederates  were 
made.  Groveton.  Manassas  Junction.  Gainesville.  Ger- 
mantown.  He  was  defeated  at  Second  Bull  Run.  Chan- 
tilly.  From  September  7th,  1862,  to  January  30th,  1865, 
he  was  in  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Northwest, 
comprising  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  and  the  Territo 
ries  of  Dakota  and  Nebraska.  In  command  of  the  Mili 
tary  Division  of  the  Missouri,  January  30th  to  the  end. 

Porter,  W.  D.,  Louisiana.  Commodore.  Columbus, 
Ky.  He  helped  fit  out  the  gunboat  fleet.  He  designed 
and  superintended  the  construction  of  the  gunboats  Fort 
Henry  and  Choctaw,  and  transformed  the  Essex  into  a 
gunboat.  Efficiently  aided  in  the  battle  of  Fort  Henry, 
commanding  the  Essex.  The  Essex  was  the  target  of  the 
Confederates,  but  dismounted  five  of  their  guns.  The 
boiler  of  the  Essex  was  struck  and  Porter  was  severely 
scalded.  At  Vicksburg  July  22d,  1863,  he  passed  the  bat 
teries  and  attacked  the  Arkansas.  His  vessel  was  badly 
cut  up  by  the  batteries.  Near  Baton  Rouge,  with  the 
Essex  and  other  vessels  he  engaged  the  Arkansas;  pierced 
her  through  and  through,  and  disabled  her  steering  gear. 
She  was  driven  ashore  and  set  on  fire  and  destroyed.  He 
received  the  capitulation  of  Natchez.  Porter  left  Baton 
Rouge  in  the  Essex  and  followed  the  Confederate  gunboat 
Webb  to  Vicksburg,  and,  returning,  was  engaged  by  the 
Port  Hudson  batteries.  Attack  on  the  Vicksburg  batteries. 
Porter  fought  past  all  the  batteries  between  Cairo  and  New 
Orleans. 

Powell,  Albert  M.,  Maryland.     Operations  in  Missouri, 


354     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

September,  1861,  to  February,  1862.  New  Madrid.  Is 
land  No.  10.  Advance  upon  Corinth.  Chief  of  Artillery 
to  a  division,  October  to  December,  1862.  Holly  Springs 
expedition,  December,  1862,  to  April,  1863.  Chief  of 
Artillery  17th  corps,  February,  1863,  to  July,  1864. 
Vicksburg  campaign.  Port  Gibson.  Bolton.  Jackson. 
Champion  Hills.  Defenses  of  Vicksburg,  July,  1863,  to 
April,  1864. 

Prentiss,  B.  M.,  Virginia.  Major  General  of  Volunteers. 
In  command  of  Cairo  from  May  17th,  1861.  He  organ 
ized  camps  of  instruction  there.  June  5th,  1861,  he  broke 
up  an  anti-Federal  camp  five  miles  inland  from  Cairo.  He 
occupied  Cape  Girardeau,  Pilot  Knob  and  Ironton  from 
falling  into  the  hands  of  Hardee.  In  command  of  the  dis 
trict  of  northern  Missouri,  he  made  a  campaign,  starting 
December  24th,  1861,  driving  the  Confederates  at  Mt. 
Zion,  resulting  in  the  dispersal  of  the  Confederates  north 
of  the  Missouri  River  in  Missouri.  He  assisted  in  driving 
Price  out  of  Missouri  in  February,  1862.  He  served  in 
Missouri  till  April,  1862.  At  Shiloh  he  sent  out  a  brigade 
to  find  out  what  was  the  exact  force  of  the  Confederates. 
His  action  prevented  Johnston's  attack  from  being  a  com 
plete  surprise.  He  fought  hard  during  the  day,  and,  when 
part  of  the  line  gave  way  in  the  afternoon,  the  Confeder 
ates  surrounded  him,  and  captured  him  and  a  part  of  his 
division.  Commanding  Helena,  Ark.,  he  resisted  the  at 
tack  of  Holmes  and  Price,  and  Federal  vessels  came  to 
his  relief. 

Prevost,  C.  M.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Peninsula  campaign.  Antietam.  Chancellors- 
ville. 

Price,  Samuel  W.,  Kentucky.  At  Murfreesboro  he  held 
the  ford  necessary  to  guard  against  the  turning  of  the  left 
flank.  January  2d,  he  was  heavily  engaged  there  and 
driven.  He  gallantly  led  a  regiment  in  assault  of  June 
27th,  1864,  on  the  position  on  the  Moulton  and  Dallas 
road  and  Kenesaw  Mountain,  capturing  and  holding  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      355 

position,  although  greatly  outnumbered,  until  reen- 
forced. 

Price,  T.  L.,  Virginia.     Brigadier  General  of  Volunteers. 

Purviance,  Hugh  Y.,  Maryland.  Commodore.  Com 
manded  the  frigate  St.  Lawrence,  of  the  Charleston  block 
ading  squadron,  in  1861.  He  captured  the  privateer  Pe 
trel,  the  first  prize  of  the  War.  Commanding  the  St. 
Lawrence,  he  took  part  in  the  fight  with  the  Virginia,  and 
the  attack  on  Sewell's  Point. 

Queen,  Walter  W.,  District  of  Columbia.  Lieutenant 
Commander.  With  the  Powhatan,  April,  1861,  he  re- 
enforced  Fort  Pickens.  He  commanded  the  2d  division, 
seven  vessels  of  the  mortar  flotilla,  during  the  bombard 
ment  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  doing  good  work ; 
and  during  the  passage  of  the  Vicksburg  batteries.  He 
commanded  the  steamers  Florida  and  Wyaluslng, —  the  lat 
ter  in  the  engagement  with  the  ram  Albemarle  and  her 
consorts,  Bombshell  and  Cotton-Plant,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Roanoke  River.  The  Wyalusmg  was  so  badly  damaged 
that  she  was  thought  by  those  aboard  to  be  sinking. 

Radford,  William,  Virginia.  Commodore.  Commanded 
the  frigate  Cumberland  in  1862.  He  was  executive  officer 
at  the  Brooklyn  navy  yard,  May,  1862,  to  May,  1864. 
Commanded  the  iron-clad  division  of  the  Squadron  and 
the  New  Ironsides  in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher.  The 
New  Ironsides  led  the  way  in  the  first  attack  and  also  in 
the  second,  when,  after  the  sailors'  assault  had  failed,  she 
used  her  11-inch  guns  with  great  effect  in  firing  into  the 
traverses  filled  with  Confederates,  who  were  resisting  the 
advance  of  the  Federal  soldiers.  This  confused  the  Con 
federates.  They  left  the  traverses.  He  showed  ability  in 
fighting,  maneuvering  his  vessel  and  taking  care  of  his 
division.  His  vessel  did  more  execution  than  any  other. 
The  monitors  under  Radford  took  the  fire  of  the  Fort  the 
13th  and  14th  and  returned  it.  He  commanded  the  James 
River  division  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  until  the 
fall  of  Richmond. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Ramsay,  Francis  M.,  District  of  Columbia.  Lieutenant 
Commander.  Milliken's  Bend,  April  9th,  1863.  Com 
manded  the  Choctaw  in  the  engagements  at  Haines'  Bluff, 
April  29th  and  30th  and  May  1st,  1863.  In  the  movement 
up  the  Yazoo  River,  May  15th,  1863,  to  open  communica 
tion  with  the  army.  Destruction  of  Confederate  navy 
yard  and  vessels  at  Yazoo  City.  Confederates  attacked 
Milliken's  Bend  driving  the  garrison  from  the  works  to 
the  levee,  June  7th.  In  the  Choctaw,  he  prevented  their 
capture  by  shelling  the  Confederates.  Siege  of  Vicksburg. 
Ramsay,  on  a  floating  battery,  enfiladed  Confederate  bat 
teries,  and  sustained  a  heavy  fire,  on  the  Federal  right. 
He  commanded  an  expedition  via  Red  up  the  Black  and 
Ouachita  rivers,  February  29th,  1864.  At  Trinity  and 
Harrisonburg  he  repulsed  Polignac.  He  went  nearly  to 
Monroe,  La.,  on  the  Ouachita  River.  He  commanded  an 
expedition  into  the  Atchafalaya  River,  June,  1864.  In 
a  favorable  engagement  at  Simmsport.  Commanded  Una- 
dilla  1864—5,  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher.  Several  en 
gagements  with  Fort  Anderson  and  other  forts  on  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  January— February,  1865.  Capture  of 
Richmond. 

Ramsay,  George  D.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  In  command  of  the  Washington  arsenal,  1861—3. 
Chief  of  Ordnance,  U.  S.  Army. 

Ransom,  D.  R.,  North  Carolina.  Fought  well  at  Fred- 
ericksburg.  Chancellorsville.  He  was  wounded  com 
manding  an  artillery  brigade  at  Gettysburg.  Kearneys- 
ville.  He  commanded  a  horse  artillery  brigade  in  the 
Wilderness  campaign  and  through  Cold  Harbor.  Cedar 
Creek. 

Rencher,  Abraham,  North  Carolina.  Governor  of  New 
Mexico.  Helped  hold  it  to  the  Federals. 

Reno,  Jesse  L.,  Virginia.  Major  General  of  Volunteers. 
In  command  of  the  Leavenworth  arsenal  from  the  begin 
ning  of  the  War  to  December  6th,  1861.  Capture  of 
Roanoke  Island,  where  he  led  the  left.  He  penetrated  a 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      357 

morass,  the  Confederate  flanks  were  turned  and  they  were 
routed.  He  went  over  the  defenses  at  New  Bern;  then 
helped  take  the  works.  He  commanded  the  expedition 
against  Camden.  Winton,  Plymouth  and  Washington 
were  occupied,  and  the  North  Carolina  coasts  remained  in 
the  possession  of  the  Federals  the  rest  of  the  year.  In 
command  of  a  division  in  the  Department  of  North  Caro 
lina,  April  to  August,  1862.  In  the  movement  to  Newport 
News  and  Rappahannock,  August,  1862.  In  command  of 
the  9th  corps  and  a  division  at  Second  Bull  Run.  He  re- 
enforced  the  line  and  participated  in  an  assault  about  1 
p.  M.  At  5  p.  M.  his  corps  and  another  attacked  Hill  and 
forced  his  lines  back,  crowding  Jackson's  left  toward  his 
center.  The  next  day  his  corps  fought  with  fine  mettle. 
Some  of  his  troops  remained  on  the  Henry  House  hill  until 
about  9  P.  M.  He  covered  the  retreat.  He  was  prompt, 
earnest  and  soldierly.  At  Chantilly  one  of  his  divisions 
drove  two  of  A.  P.  Hill's  brigades  back  in  much  confusion. 
At  Turner's  Gap  he  went  to  the  front  and  assumed  direc 
tion  of  affairs,  opening  the  battle.  His  corps  and  another 
forced  the  Gap,  and  some  of  his  troops  carried  the  crest 
of  Fox's  Gap.  He  drove  the  Confederates  from  the 
heights  on  one  side  of  the  main  pike  at  South  Mountain. 
He  had  outflanked  the  Confederates.  He  was  killed 
about  7  P.  M.  while  gallantly  leading  his  men.  Reno 
was  an  officer  of  marked  ability,  a  zealous  and  ingenious 
fighter. 

Reynolds,  Joseph  J.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  In  command  of  Camp  Morton,  Indianapolis, 
April  to  May,  1861.  In  command  of  the  Cheat  Mountain 
District,  July  to  December,  1861.  Greenbrier  River.  At 
Cheat  Mountain  he  held  his  position.  Elk  River.  The 
Confederates  were  foiled  in  their  efforts  to  force  him  out 
of  western  Virginia.  His  services  there  were  of  merit.  He 
was  engaged  in  organizing  Indiana  volunteers,  January  to 
November,  1862.  Campaigns  of  the  Army  of  the  Cum 
berland  1862-3.  April  20th,  1863,  he  made  a  successful 


358      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

raid  with  4,000  infantry  and  2,600  cavalry,  destroying 
the  railroad  track,  capturing  180  prisoners  and  large  sup 
plies,  and  returning  to  Murfreesboro  without  loss.  Mc- 
Millinsville.  At  Hoover's  Gap  one  of  his  brigades  attacked 
the  Confederates  and  drove  them  back  to  the  southern 
end,  when  Reynolds  and  Brannan  supported  them  with  five 
brigades  and  the  Confederates  retreated.  He  operated 
against  the  front  and  left  north  of  Garrison  Creek.  At 
Chickamauga  on  the  19th  by  good  generalship  and  fight 
ing  he  restored  the  broken  line  in  his  front.  He  sent  help 
to  another  portion  of  the  line.  The  quick  reformation 
of  portions  of  Palmer's  and  his  troops  arrested  disaster. 
With  Johnson,  he  largely  repulsed  the  attack  on  the  Fed 
eral  left.  He  was  with  Johnson  and  Palmer  in  the  next 
day's  battle.  When  Reynolds'  right  was  exposed  by  the  on 
rush  of  Longstreet  through  the  gap  in  the  Federal  line, 
he  changed  front  so  that  his  line  was  at  right  angles  with 
the  line  on  his  left.  There  he  held  firmly  to  Palmer's 
right.  The  Confederates  advanced  in  the  woods  in  his 
rear.  When  orders  to  withdraw  from  the  field  were  given, 
a  force  was  found  to  have  gained  the  woods  in  Reynolds' 
rear.  He  charged  and  ousted  the  Confederates,  part  of 
whom  were  driven  beyond  the  Federal  left.  He  performed 
useful  service  at  Lookout  Mountain.  His  courage  and 
merit  were  displayed  at  Missionary  Ridge.  Commanded 
defenses  at  New  Orleans  from  January  to  June,  1864.  In 
command  of  the  19th  corps  July  7th,  1864.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  organizing  forces  for  the  capture  of  Forts 
Gaines  and  Morgan  and  the  City  of  Mobile,  June  16th 
to  August  2d,  1864.  In  command  on  the  Mississippi 
River  from  its  mouth  to  Memphis,  October  to  December, 
1864 ;  temporarily  of  the  Military  Division  of  West  Mis 
sissippi,  November,  1864,  and  of  the  Department  of  Arkan 
sas,  November  29th,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 

Ridgely,  D.  B.,  Kentucky.  Naval  Captain.  Com 
manded  the  Santiago  de  Cuba.  He  was  successful  in  the 
capture  of  blockade  runners.  He  commanded  the  Shenan- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      359 

doah  in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher.  Bull's  Bay  expe 
dition. 

Ringgold,  Cadwalader,  Maryland.  Commodore.  He 
commanded  the  frigate  Sabine. 

Rodgers,  John,  Maryland.  Commodore.  Took  the 
first  step  in  the  creation  of  the  Mississippi  flotilla  by  pur 
chasing  the  Conestoga,  Lexington  and  Tyler,  which  he 
converted  into  gunboats  at  Cincinnati  and  equipped  and 
manned  them.  He  made  a  reconnoissance  in  force  of  Port 
Royal  harbor.  Performed  many  useful  services  in  the 
battle  of  Port  Royal,  and  hoisted  the  U.  S.  flag  over  Fort 
Walker.  In  the  Little  Tybee  River,  near  Savannah  he 
opened  fire  on  the  five  Confederate  vessels,  which  were 
driven  back.  He  took  possession  of  Tybee  Island.  Rod 
gers  made  expeditions  along  the  coast  following  the  battle 
of  Port  Royal.  In  command  of  the  Galena.  He  was  or 
dered  to  ascend  the  James  River  to  Richmond,  if  possible. 
After  two  engagements  with  batteries,  which  were  silenced, 
the  fleet  reached  Fort  Darling.  His  attack  on  Fort  Dar 
ling  opened  the  way  for  the  advance  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  within  seven  miles  of  Richmond,  the  Confederate 
army  crossing  the  Chickahominy  immediately  after.  Two- 
thirds  of  his  crew  were  killed  or  wounded  in  the  engage 
ment.  With  gunboats  he  convoyed  transports  with 
supplies  for  the  Peninsula  army  up  the  James  River. 
Communication  of  the  army  on  its  retreat  to  Malvern  Hill 
was  opened  June  29th,  1862.  Rodgers'  fleet  cannonaded 
the  Confederates  during  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  reach 
ing  Magruder's  rear.  He  commanded  the  Weehawken  in 
the  naval  attack  on  Charleston,  April  7th,  1863,  and  in 
various  operations  of  the  South  Atlantic  Squadron  between 
January  and  July,  1863.  He  captured  the  heavier  iron 
clad  Atlanta  stranded  in  Warsaw  Sound,  Ga.  After  her 
capture,  she  was  readily  repaired.  The  development  of 
the  capabilities  and  qualities  of  attack  and  resistance  of 
the  monitors  was  much  due  to  Rodgers'  daring  and  moral 
courage.  He  commanded  the  Dictator  in  1864—5. 


360     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Rousseau,  Lovell  H.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of 
Volunteers.  Soon  after  the  outbreak  of  the  War,  Rous 
seau  went  to  Washington  and  obtained  authority  to  recruit 
a  brigade.  He  proposed  and  established  Camp  Joe  Holt, 
opposite  Louisville,  recruiting  there.  He  raised  two  regi 
ments  of  Kentucky  troops.  He  helped  protect  Louisville 
from  Buckner  in  September,  1861.  Hfe  was  steady  at  Shi- 
loh,  handled  his  brigade  well,  and  retook  McClernand's 
headquarters.  At  Perryville,  when  the  right  was  turned, 
he  had  a  battery  of  six  guns  worked,  stopping  the  ad 
vance.  He  and  Jackson  commanded  the  two  divisions  en 
gaged  of  the  corps.  He  repulsed  heavy  attacks,  but  was 
finally  forced  back.  The  defense  was  managed  largely  by 
him.  At  Stone  River,  holding  the  reserve  line,  he  gained 
much  credit.  He  sent  a  battalion  of  regulars  to  assist 
the  front.  Against  the  Confederates  working  around  into 
the  rear  he  charged  desperately,  hurling  them  back  into  the 
cedars.  Four  assaults  were  made  on  his  position.  In 
checking  the  Confederates,  after  retiring  to  a  new  posi 
tion,  he  gave  time  for  the  formation  of  a  battle  line  on 
high  ground.  Later,  his  and  one  of  Crittenden's  divisions 
put  Hardee  on  the  defensive.  Tullahoma  campaign. 
Around  Hoover's  Gap  he  helped  drive  Confederates  from 
the  heights  north  of  Garrison  Creek.  Chickamauga.  Chat 
tanooga.  From  November,  1863,  he  was  in  command  of 
the  districts  of  the  Tennessee.  He  was  stationed  at  Nash 
ville  in  1864  for  the  protection  of  communications  in  the  ad 
vance  on  Atlanta.  He  prevented  Wheeler  from  damaging 
the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad.  July  10th,  1864, 
he  started  from  Decatur,  Ala.,  with  two  brigades,  on  an 
expedition  into  Alabama  and  Georgia,  which  he  had  sug 
gested  and  organized.  He  marched  southeast  far  down 
in  Alabama  to  Opelika,  with  the  important  object  of  sev 
ering  railroad  communication  with  the  west,  and  preventing 
reinforcements  and  supplies  from  the  west  from  reaching 
Johnston.  He  burnt  provisions  at  Youngstown,  Ala.  He 
reached  a  point  100  miles  in  Johnston's  rear.  He  sent 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     361 

out  raiders  on  the  Atlanta  and  Montgomery  Railroad,  who 
destroyed  a  large  section  of  it.  He  did  some  harm  to  the 
branch  road.  He  defeated  Clanton  at  the  Coosa  River. 
He  joined  the  main  armies  at  Marietta.  In  15  days  he 
had  traversed  450  miles,  taken  and  paroled  2,000  prison 
ers,  killed  and  wounded  200  and  captured  large  supplies. 
Rousseau  pursued  Wheeler  in  Tennessee,  September  1st 
to  8th,  1864.  Forrest  started  against  Federal  posts  and 
communications  in  Tennessee.  Rousseau's  movements  cir 
cumvented  him.  He  repulsed  Forrest  at  Pulaski.  Rous 
seau  went  after  Forrest  when  Forrest  moved  east,  and 
stopped  him  from  damaging  the  railroad  between  Decherd 
and  Tullahoma.  Forrest  pushed  on  to  Columbia,  where 
Rousseau  confronted  him  and  saved  Columbia.  Rousseau 
commanded  one  of  the  four  columns  converged  against 
him,  Rousseau  defended  Murfreesboro,  with  8,000  men, 
during  the  investment  of  Nashville,  defeating  an  attack  of 
Forrest  and  infantry,  who  lost  1,500  men.  Rousseau  was 
given  command  of  the  District  of  Middle  Tennessee,  head 
quarters  Nashville,  February  12th,  1865.  He  won  honor 
from  the  War. 

Royall,  William  B.,  Virginia.  Conspicuous  at  Han 
over  C.  H.,  May  27th,  1862.  He  fought  the  action  of 
Old  Church;  made  a  stubborn  fight,  but  was  overwhelmed 
by  the  numbers  of  the  Confederates.  He  received  six 
saber  wounds  in  hand-to-hand  conflict,  cut  through  the 
Confederates  and  joined  the  main  army.  He  performed 
arduous  and  faithful  service  in  the  recruitment  of  the 
armies  of  the  United  States. 

Russell,  John  H.,  Maryland.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Was  instrumental  in  the  removal  of  vessels  from  the  Nor 
folk  navy  yard,  preventing  them  from  falling  into  Con 
federate  hands.  In  command  of  the  Colorado.  In  a  boat 
expedition  he  destroyed  the  privateer  Judah,  protected 
by  shore  batteries  and  9,000  men,  and  regained  the  Col 
orado.  He  was  severely  wounded,  and  20  of  his  100  sailors 
were  killed  or  wounded.  This  stands  out  among  the  cut- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ting-out  affairs  of  the  War.  He  commanded  the  Kennebec 
in  the  passage  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  and  was 
present  at  their  surrender.  He  participated  in  all  opera 
tions  of  Farragut's  fleet  in  the  Mississippi  up  to  Vicks- 
burg.  Engagement  with  Vicksburg  batteries  June  28th, 
1862.  Attacks  on  Vicksburg  and  Grand  Gulf.  In  com 
mand  of  the  Cyane  and  Pontiac.  Blockade  at  Mobile. 

Sanders,  William  P.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Before  Yorktown.  Williamsburg.  Mechan- 
icsville.  Hanover  C.  H.  Maryland  campaign.  Opera 
tions  in  Kentucky,  March  to  July,  1863.  He  met  raid  of 
Scott,  started  July  28th,  1863.  Routed  him  at  Lancaster, 
capturing  500.  Later  500  more  men  were  taken.  Pur 
suit  of  Morgan.  Blue  Lick  Springs.  Chief  of  Cavalry, 
Department  of  the  Ohio,  September— November,  1863. 
Lenoir.  He  baffled  Wheeler  and  protected  Nashville,  No 
vember,  1863.  Wheeler  was  needed  by  Longstreet  to 
shove  infantry  to  Knoxville.  At  Campbell's  Station  he 
was  of  special  use  to  the  army  at  Knoxville.  He  con 
structed  rail  barricades  for  his  cavalry,  and  used  them 
dismounted  to  interpose  a  screen  while  the  infantry  dug 
trenches.  The  time  gained  to  the  army  was  precious.  He 
exposed  himself  dangerously,  to  keep  his  men  at  their 
posts,  and  was  mortally  wounded. 

Sands,  Benjamin  F.,  Maryland.  Naval  Captain.  Com 
manded  the  Dacotah  and  Fort  Jackson.  Senior  officer, 
in  command  of  the  division  blockading  Wilmington.  In 
command  of  that  division  from  November,  1862,  to  Feb 
ruary,  1865.  Engagements  at  Fort  Caswell.  He  com 
manded  the  Fort  Jackson  in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher. 
From  February,  1865,  to  the  end  of  the  War  he  com 
manded  the  division  blockading  the  Texas  coast.  Gun 
boats  under  Sands  took  possession  of  Galveston  —  the  last 
city  to  surrender. 

Saunders,  Alvin,  Kentucky.  Governor  of  Nebraska. 
He  raised  3,000  men  for  the  Federal  armies. 

Scott,  Gustavus  H.,  Virginia.     Naval  Captain.     Saved 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      363 

army  stores  at  Acquia  Creek.  Commanded  the  Keystone 
State,  Maratanza  and  De  Soto.  He  captured  the  steamer 
Salvor.  He  was  with  the  blockading  squadron  occupied 
on  the  North  Carolina  coast  in  maintaining  the  blockade 
and  fighting  the  shore  batteries  in  Albemarle  and  Pamlico 
sounds.  He  captured  several  blockade-runners.  In  the 
Marblehead,  Scott  sustained  an  attack  by  the  batteries  at 
Fort  Grimball,  Stono  River.  He  took  part,  commanding 
the  Canandaigua,  in  operations  against  Charleston,  and 
was  the  senior  officer  at  its  surrender. 

Scott,  Henry  L.,  North  Carolina.  Inspector  General 
U.  S.  Army,  May  14th,  1861.  In  command  of  the  forces 
at  New  York  City,  August  8th  to  October  30th,  1861. 

Scott,  Winfield,  Virginia.  Major  General  United  States 
Army.  In  chief  command  of  the  land  forces  of  the  United 
States.  Prior  to  Lincoln's  inauguration,  he  caused  to  be 
organized  picked  Washington  volunteers,  and  called  from 
a  distance  two  batteries  of  horse  artillery,  with  small  de 
tachments  of  cavalry  and  infantry  —  all  regulars.  He 
was  charged  with  the  protection  of  Washington  at  the  out 
set  of  the  War.  He  directed  the  army's  advance  to  Bull 
Run.  He  continued  in  command  till  November  1st,  1861. 
He  was  unable  to  walk  without  assistance  for  three  years 
prior  to  his  retirement. 

Seawell,  Washington,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Retired  from  active  service  February  20th,  1862. 

Semmes,  Alexander  A.,  District  of  Columbia.  Lieuten 
ant  Commander.  Commanded  the  Tahoma,  Wamsutta, 
and,  in  the  monitor  Lehigh,  he  attacked  batteries  of 
Tampa,  April  and  October,  1863.  He  conducted  a  gen 
eral  offensive  warfare  against  forts  and  batteries  on  the 
Florida  and  Georgia  coasts,  capturing  a  number  of  block 
ade-runners.  He  made  a  demonstration  at  Bayport,  Fla., 
in  September,  1863,  which  resulted  in  the  destruction  of 
an  English  blockade-runner.  He  silenced  and  passed  the 
Howlett  house  batteries  on  James  River  in  June,  1864, 
with  a  midnight  bombardment.  Bombardment  of  Fort 


364     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Pringle.  In  command  of  the  Rhode  Island.  He  partici 
pated  in  operations  at  Charleston  until  its  surrender,  in 
cluding  the  Bull's  Bay  expedition.  Fall  of  Richmond. 

Shackelford,  James  M.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Raised  two  Kentucky  regiments.  His 
command  pursued  and  captured  John  H.  Morgan,  first 
striking  Morgan's  rear  at  Buffington  Island,  and  capturing 
about  1,200.  He  led  cavalry  to  Kingston,  Tenn.,  August, 
1863.  Took  Cumberland  Gap,  with  2,000  prisoners.  He 
pursued  Longstreet  after  the  siege  of  Knoxville  was  raised. 
At  Bean's  Station  and  Morristown,  Tenn.,  with  4,000  cav 
alry,  he  sustained  an  attack  by  a  Confederate  brigade  and 
parts  of  two  others  with  artillery,  falling  back  at  night. 

Shanks,  John  P.  C.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Served  with  Fremont  in  Missouri. 

Shirley,  Paul,  Kentucky.  Commander.  Captured  the 
cruiser  J.  M.  Chapman  and  the  steamer  Colon. 

Shock,  William  H.,  Maryland.  Superintended  the  con 
struction  of  river  monitors  at  St.  Louis.  In  the  opera 
tions  against  Mobile  he  was  Farragut's  fleet  engineer. 
Fleet  engineer  to  the  Gulf  Squadron  in  1865.  He  de 
signed  and  constructed  an  instrument,  very  successful,  for 
the  destruction  of  submerged  torpedo  electric  wires  and 
floating  torpedoes. 

Shubrick,  W.  B.,  South  Carolina.  Rear  Admiral. 
Senior  member  of  the  advisory  board. 

Shunk,  David,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Reenforced  the  right  at  Pea  Ridge.  Port  Gibson. 
Champion  Hills.  Big  Black  River.  Vicksburg  assault, 
May  22d,  1863.  Cedar  Creek. 

Smith,  Green  C.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Opposed  Morgan  on  his  first  raid  into  Kentucky, 
causing  him  to  retreat  southward.  Wounded  at  Lebanon. 
Smith  creditably  defeated  Forrest  at  Rutherford  Creek. 

Smith,  William,  Kentucky.  Commodore.  Was  in  the 
frigate  Congress  when  she  was  attacked  and  burnt  by  the 
Virginia.  Commanded  the  Wachusett  and  James  River 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      365 

flotilla,  May,  1862.  Escorted  transports  to  West  Point, 
Va.,  carrying  the  advance  division,  May  6th,  1862.  He 
rendered  aid  in  the  repulse  of  the  Confederate  attack  on 
the  division  next  day.  He  sent  the  Maratanza  into  action. 
His  gunboats  did  effective  work.  In  command  of  the  Pen- 
sacola  naval  station. 

Spears,  James  G.,  Tennessee.  Occupation  of  Cumber 
land  Gap,  June,  1862.  He  commanded  a  brigade  in  the 
successful  retirement  therefrom  to  the  Ohio  River.  Mur- 
freesboro. 

Speed,  James,  Kentucky.  Attorney  General  of  the 
United  States  from  November,  1864. 

Spicely,  Wm.  T.,  North  Carolina.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Performed  faithful  and  meritorious  serv 
ice  in  the  campaign  against  Mobile.  Participated  in  the 
assault  on  Fort  Blakely. 

Spotts,  James  H.,  North  Carolina.  Commander.  Com 
mandant  at  Key  West.  Commanded  the  Magnolia  in 
1862;  the  steamer  South  Carolina  in  1863;  the  Pawtucket 
and  Powhatan  in  1865.  He  commanded  the  Pawtucket  in 
both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher.  He  was  in  the  engagement 
with  Fort  Anderson  and  other  engagements  along  the  banks 
of  the  Cape  Fear  River.  Bombardment  of  batteries  above 
Dutch  Gap  in  April,  1865.  Commanded  the  Wanderer. 

Stanley,  Edward,  North  Carolina.  Military  Governor 
of  North  Carolina  in  1862. 

Stanly,  Fabius,  North  Carolina.  Commander.  Com 
manded  the  Narragansett  in  the  Pacific,  1862—64.  He 
gave  useful  diplomatic  services  in  Mexico  during  this 
period.  Ordnance  officer  of  the  Mississippi  Squadron. 
Commanded  the  State  of  Georgia,  1864—65.  He  arranged 
and  commanded  the  naval  part  of  the  expedition  up  the 
Santee.  He  commanded  the  naval  part  of  the  expedition 
of  Bull's  Bay,  using  68  guns  and  13  field-pieces,  and  usher 
ing  in  the  fall  of  Charleston.  In  1865  he  commanded  Fort 
Johnson. 

Stanton,  David   L.,   Maryland.     Brigadier  General   of 


366     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Volunteers.  Was  conspicuous  at  Five  Forks.  Appomat- 
tox  campaign. 

Steedman,  Charles,  South  Carolina.  Naval  Captain. 
Conveyed  troops  from  Havre  de  Grace  to  Annapolis  after 
the  Baltimore  encounter.  He  kept  open  railroad  com 
munication  between  the  North  and  Washington  at  the 
beginning  of  the  War.  He  assisted  in  organizing  naval 
forces  that  operated  on  the  Mississippi  River  in  gunboats. 
He  led  the  second  column  in  the  attack  upon  and  capture 
of  Port  Royal.  It  was  the  flanking  division.  Blockaded 
the  coast  of  Georgia  in  the  Bienville,  and  participated  in 
the  capture  of  the  ports  on  that  coast  south  of  Savannah. 
Operations  on  the  coast  of  Florida.  He  commanded  the 
Paul  Jones.  Capture  of  Fort  McAllister.  He  operated 
on  the  St.  John's  River,  Fla.,  including  the  silencing  of 
the  batteries  on  St.  John's  Bluff.  With  the  cooperation 
of  Brannan,  he  captured  the  forts  on  St.  John's  Bluff,  and 
with  gunboats  opened-  and  held  the  St.  John's  River  to 
Lake  Beaufort.  Blockade  off  Charleston  for  several 
months,  commanding  the  Powhatan.  He  pursued  the  Flor 
ida  into  Brazilian  waters.  He  commanded  the  Ticonderoga 
in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher,  and  the  capture  of  other 
forts  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cape  Fear  River. 

Stembel,  R.  N.,  Maryland.  Commander.  Helped  alter j 
equip  and  man  the  Tyler,  Lexington  and  Conestoga.  He 
contributed  largely  to  the  success  at  Lucas'  Bend. 
He  commanded  the  gunboat  Lexington  at  Belmont,  engag 
ing  the  batteries  at  Columbus,  and  helping  save  the  land 
force.  Bombardment  and  capture  of  Fort  Henry.  Oper 
ations  against  Island  No.  10,  March  16th  to  April  7th, 
186£.  At  Craighead's  Bend  he  commanded  the  flag-ship 
Cincinnati,  which  fired  the  first  shot,  hastening  to  the  aid 
of  a  mortar-boat  attacked.  He  was  engaged  with  Confed 
erate  rams.  The  Cincinnati  was  sunk,  and  he  was  wounded 
seriously,  incapacitating  him  for  further  active  service. 
He  aided  in  fitting  out  river  gunboats  at  Cincinnati. 

Stevenson,   John   D.,   Virginia.     Brigadier   General    of 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      367 

Volunteers.  Port  Gibson.  He  followed  Confederates  out 
of  Jackson.  Raymond  was  won  by  the  advance  of  his  bri 
gade.  At  Champion  Hills  he  made  a  striking  charge 
across  ravines,  up  a  hill,  and  through  an  open  field,  break 
ing  the  Confederate  left  flank,  capturing  several  hundred 
prisoners  and  seven  guns,  and  gaining  the  road  in  the 
Confederate  rear,  which  cut  off  Loring,  and  compelled  him 
to  cut  loose  from  the  army,  turning  up  at  Jackson.  Stev 
enson  led  a  successful  expedition  to  drive  the  Confederates 
from  northern  Louisiana.  He  occupied  and  fortified  De- 
catur,  Ala.  His  services  during  the  War  were  of  merit. 

Stokes,  James  H.,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  In  command  of  an  artillery  division  in  the 
Chattanooga  campaign,  October,  1863,  to  February,  1864. 
Missionary  Ridge. 

Stone,  Edward  E.,  Georgia.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  the  Iron  Age,  South  Atlantic  Blockading 
Squadron,  1864-65.  In  the  engagement  with  and  capture 
of  Fort  Anderson,  he  commanded  the  monitor  Montauk, 
the  foremost  vessel,  bearing  the  fire  for  some  hours.  He 
was  slightly  wounded. 

Stout,  Alex.  M.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Was  engaged  at  Chickamauga. 

Stribling,  Cornelius  K.,  South  Carolina.  Commodore. 
Commanded  the  Philadelphia  navy  yard,  1862—64.  He 
was  in  command  of  the  Eastern  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron 
from  February,  1865,  to  the  end  of  the  War. 

Strother,  D.  H.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Pope's  Virginia  campaign.  Red  River  expedition. 
Hunter's  Valley  campaign. 

Swann,  Thomas,  Virginia.  Governor  of  Maryland  from 
1864. 

Taylor,  Alfred,  Virginia.  Naval  Captain.  Navy  yard 
at  Boston,  1862-65. 

Taylor,  Joseph  P.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Brother  of  President  Zachary  Taylor.  Commis 
sary  general  of  subsistence. 


368     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Terrill,  W.  R.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Chief  of  Artillery  of  the  2d  division,  Army  of  the 
Ohio,  in  campaign  from  January  to  June,  1862.  At 
Shiloh  the  deliverance  of  the  army  was  accomplished  when 
Terrill's  battery  of  24-pound  howitzers,  which  had  just 
arrived  from  Savannah,  dashed  up  to  the  support  of  the 
faltering  line,  and,  with  two  other  batteries,  turned  the 
Confederate  right,  thus  saving  the  day.  He  handled  his 
batteries  with  admirable  skill.  His  battery  averted  dis 
aster  the  next  day  also  when  the  Confederates  forced  back 
the  Federal  left  flank,  and  it  did  other  needed  service 
during  the  day.  Advance  upon  Corinth.  At  Perryville 
he  showed  high  courage,  and  was  mortally  wounded  while 
urging  forward  his  brigade  against  the  Confederates. 

Thomas,  George  H.,  Virginia.  Major  General  U.  S. 
Army.  April  21st,  1861,  with  four  companies  of  his  regi 
ment,  he  dispersed  Marylanders  who  threatened  to  tear  up 
the  tracks  of  the  Pennsylvania  Northern  Central  Railroad. 
Operations  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  June  1st  to  August 
26th,  1861.  In  command  of  a  brigade,  he  forced  Jack 
son's  small  force  back  at  Falling  Waters.  He  led  the 
advance  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley  army  towards  Win 
chester.  He  drove  in  outlying  forces  at  Bunker  Hill,  July 
15th.  He  reported  at  Louisville  September  6th,  and 
served  in  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland,  organizing 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee  volunteers  at  Camp  Dick  Robin 
son,  Ky.,  September  18th  to  October  28th,  1861,  giving 
shape  to  the  force  which  was  to  grow  into  the  Army  of 
the  Ohio,  afterward  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He 
established  Camp  Wildcat,  to  check  the  advance  of  Con 
federates  through  Cumberland  Gap.  He  saved  Lexington, 
Ky.,  from  the  Confederates,  September  20th.  November 
29th,  1861,  Thomas  was  placed  in  command  of  all  troops 
in  the  eastern  half  of  Kentucky ;  i.  e.,  east  of  New  Haven. 
He  assumed  command  of  the  1st  division  of  the  Army  of 
the  Ohio,  December  6th.  Crittenden  advanced  against 
Thomas,  and  Thomas  defeated  him  at  Mill  Springs,  cap- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      369 

turing  12  guns  on  the  field  and  at  the  river.  Confed 
erates  were  getting  on  the  right  flank  of  the  4th  Kentucky 
infantry  when  Thomas  appeared  and  hurried  troops  hither. 
This  victory  was  beneficial  to  the  Federal  morale.  It  was 
the  first  success  of  the  Federal  arms.  In  command  of  the 
right  wing,  or  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  in  the  advance  upon 
Corinth,  April  9th  to  May  30th,  1862.  Thomas'  advance, 
May  17th,  brought  on  a  spirited  combat,  and  his  troops 
drove  Confederates  across  Bridge  Creek.  His  whole  wing 
made  an  advance.  Near  Corinth,  May  28th,  he  repulsed 
an  attack.  In  command  of  Corinth,  June  5th  to  22d;  at 
Decherd,  August  5th— 15th;  at  McMinnville,  August  19th 
to  September  3d,  and  at  Nashville,  September  7th-14th. 
He  was  intrusted  with  the  defense  of  Nashville  against 
Breckenridge,  while  the  main  army  raced  with  Bragg  for 
Louisville.  He  declined  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the 
Ohio,  September  29th.  He  was  second  in  command  on 
advance  into  Kentucky,  September  30th  to  November  7th, 
1862.  Soon  after  the  battle  of  Perry ville  Thomas  was  in 
immediate  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  saving  Nash 
ville  by  getting  troops  there  ahead  of  Bragg,  who  was 
maneuvering  to  get  there  first.  Thomas  was  given  com 
mand  of  the  center  of  the  army,  November  7th,  1862.  At 
Murfreesboro,  when  the  left  was  giving  back,  he  threw 
Rousseau  into  the  struggle.  Confronted  from  the  rear,  he 
changed  front.  When  the  flanks  were  turned  he  withdrew 
troops  to  a  temporary  line.  He  placed  batteries  on  high 
ground,  and  helped  form  the  troops  on  a  new  line  there 
when  they  could  no  longer  hold  the  temporary  line.  He 
massed  artillery  on  the  heights.  The  whole  right  wing  had 
been  swept  back  three  miles.  One-third  of  the  army  was 
used  up,  and  Confederate  cavalry  were  in  the  rear.  He 
partly  changed  front  twice,  and  made  the  later  arrange 
ments  practicable.  He  held  against  desperate  attacks  of 
the  Confederate  army.  At  night,  his  view  was  that  the 
army  must  not  retreat.  He  made  a  night  attack,  January 
2d.  The  bold  stroke  at  his  right  endangered  Bragg's  po- 


370      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

sition,  and  he  fell  back.  Hoover's  Gap.  Thomas  met  the 
Confederates  in  force  on  the  heights  north  of  Garrison 
Creek.  He  drove  them  steadily.  He  drove  them  from  a 
new  position  also.  June  28th  he  sent  a  brigade  which 
broke  the  railroad  south  of  Decherd.  He  threw  troops 
toward  Tullahoma.  When  Bragg  evacuated  the  Tulla- 
homa  position,  some  of  Thomas'  troops  came  up  with  his 
rear-guard  at  Bethpage  bridge.  Thomas  had  led  the  ad 
vance,  and  his  execution  of  the  turning  movement  placed 
Bragg's  position  in  danger,  and  he  fell  back  and  crossed 
the  Tennessee  River  not  far  from  Chattanooga.  Passage 
of  Elk  River.  Thomas  crossed  the  Tennessee  River  thirty 
miles  below  Chattanooga.  September  10th  Thomas  met  a 
resistance  that  convinced  him  the  Confederate  army  was 
in  his  front.  He  withdrew  from  a  dangerous  position, 
Bragg  having  concentrated  to  strike  him.  His  cautious 
delay  in  advancing  the  center  saved  that  corps  from  attack 
by  Bragg's  army.  Discovering  the  position  of  Bragg  be 
fore  Chickamauga,  he  took  the  responsibility  of  having 
the  right  wing  —  fifty  miles  distant  on  the  way  to  Rome 
—  return.  At  Chickamauga,  September  19th,  Thomas 
was  the  ranking  officer  on  the  field,  in  command  of  more 
than  half  the  infantry  divisions  of  the  army.  Bragg  was 
trying  to  turn  the  left  and  gain  the  road  into  Chattanooga. 
Thomas  directed  Brannan,  with  two  brigades,  to  recon- 
noiter  toward  Reed's  bridge.  Brannan's  reconnoissance 
developed  the  Confederates,  and  brought  on  the  battle, 
disturbing  Bragg's  combinations,  and  taking  the  keen  edge 
of  surprise  from  his  blow.  Confederate  cavalry  were  met, 
and  Forrest  called  up  infantry.  Thomas  rode  forward  to 
see  conditions  and  ordered  up  supports.  The  Federals 
were  beaten  back,  but  the  attacking  force  was  overlapped 
on  both  flanks.  Cheatham  advanced  to  the  support  of  the 
attacking  force,  but  was  hurled  back  by  a  column  which 
Thomas  had  organized.  The  Confederates  struck  the  line 
a  little  further  down.  The  line  was  broken.  Five  bri 
gades  were  borne  back  with  disordered  lines.  Thomas 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      371 

moved  Brannan,  in  the  exigency,  from  his  left  to  his  right. 
Confederates  moved  through  the  chasm  between  Thomas 
and  Crittenden.  Brannan  wheeled  upon  them  from  near 
Kellej's  house.  Bragg's  whole  right  was  stopped.  To 
ward  night,  Thomas  selected  a  more  compact  line.  The 
Confederates  attacked  at  night  for  an  hour  and  were  re 
pulsed.  Thomas  made  rude  breastworks  of  logs  and  rails 
along  his  entire  front  during  the  night,  which  enabled  his 
line  to  withstand  front  attacks  on  the  20th.  That  morn 
ing,  the  Confederates  outflanked  Thomas'  left,  but  he 
placed  troops  which  checked  the  onrush  into  his  rear  and 
flank.  He  withstood  heavy  frontal  attacks.  Later  in  the 
day,  Thomas'  extreme  left  again  repulsed  attacks  simul 
taneously  with  an  attack  upon  his  right,  which,  too,  was 
repulsed.  Longstreet  broke  through  south  of  Thomas, 
cutting  the  army  in  two,  and  the  right  hurried  from  the 
field.  Longstreet  turned  to  sweep  down  Thomas'  line,  and 
bear  down  bodies  who  had  gathered  on  a  transverse  ridge 
running  back  to  the  rear  of  Thomas'  right.  Thomas  had 
ridden  to  his  right  to  hurry  up  reinforcements  to  the  aid 
of  his  hammered  left.  Discovering  the  advancing  line,  he 
chose  the  strong  position  at  right  angles  to  his  line  on  the 
spur  of  Missionary  Ridge  and  placed  troops.  The  Con 
federates  attacked.  He  fought  determinedly.  From  noon 
Thomas'  line  stood  the  attacks  of  the  Confederate  army. 
When  he  found  Confederates  were  on  his  right  and  rear, 
he  directed  Wood  to  form  on  the  left  of  Brannan,  and  noti 
fied  Reynolds  that  Confederates  were  in  his  rear.  South 
of  the  transverse  ridge  was  a  gorge.  Thomas  sent  Whit- 
taker's  and  another  brigade  against  the  Confederates  on 
the  ridge  and  in  the  gorge.  The  Confederates  were  dis 
lodged.  Twice  they  charged  and  were  driven  back  from 
the  ridge.  On  the  left  also  he  repulsed  an  attack  of 
Breckenridge.  He  had  a  division  from  the  retreating 
right  return,  and  it  neared  the  field  about  night.  In  the 
battle  Thomas  often  came  within  speaking  distance  of  the 
men.  In  withdrawing,  he  met  a  force  which  had  gained 


372      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

the  woods  in  Reynolds'  rear.  He  ordered  Reynolds  to 
charge  them.  The  Confederates  were  forced  back  there. 
Thomas  posted  brigades  to  hold  the  road  while  the  troops 
passed  by.  Thomas'  sturdy  stand  gave  him  the  name, 
"  Rock  of  Chickamauga."  During  the  night  he  formed  a 
new  line  at  Rossville.  Checking  of  Confederate  advance 
on  Chattanooga,  September  21st.  In  command  of  the  De 
partment  and  Army  of  the  Cumberland  from  October  19th, 
1863.  His  turn  for  order  found  expression,  and  he  was 
engaged  in  opening  communications  by  the  Tennessee 
River  and  Lookout  Valley  for  his  dangerously  isolated 
army,  threatened  with  want.  He  concentrated  the  llth 
and  12th  corps  at  Bridgeport.  They  connected  at 
Brown's  Ferry,  securing  communications.  Wauhatchie. 
In  the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  November  23d,  ordered  to 
make  a  reconnoissance,  he  so  disposed  his  forces  as  to  take 
advantage  of  success.  His  reconnoissance  in  force,  secur 
ing  important  ground,  was  well  executed,  driving  Confed 
erates  from  their  advance  line.  Thomas  took  Orchard 
Knob  and  a  hill  to  the  right.  Orchard  Knob  was  covered 
by  Wood's  division.  Thomas  ordered  him  to  hold  it. 
Thomas,  taking  up  an  advanced  line,  caused  Bragg  to 
weaken  his  force  at  Lookout  Mountain.  Thomas  was  in 
command  of  the  center  and  right  wing.  He  gave  orders 
that  Lookout  Mountain  be  taken  next  day,  having  secured 
the  adoption  of  his  suggestion  that  a  force  be  sent  to 
attack  Bragg's  left  flank  there.  He  had  Eli  Long  move 
on  the  Federal  left,  cross  Chickamauga  Creek,  and  raid 
Bragg's  communications  eastward.  His  right  took  Look 
out  Mountain  the  24th.  On  the  25th  the  men  who  had 
evacuated  Lookout  Mountain  burnt  bridges  over  Chatta 
nooga  Creek,  delaying  Thomas'  right  in  the  purpose  to 
gain  the  Confederate  flank.  Thomas'  line  in  the  Federal 
center  was  advanced.  This  was  expected  to  relieve  the 
left  from  any  offensive  move  by  Bragg.  His  men  took  the 
first  line  of  rifle-pits.  They  found  themselves  exposed  to 
a  fierce  fire  from  above.  They  had  so  rushed  the  Confed- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS     373 

erates  that  they  found  themselves  in  shape  to  follow  to 
more  protected  ground  under  the  ridge,  and  the  impulse 
was  to  keep  on  after  the  Confederates.  The  partial  move 
ment  upward  was  augmented,  through  orders  of  Wood 
and  the  other  division  commander  there,  who  had  the 
perception  to  act  at  the  moment  with  presence.  They 
carried  the  three  lines  of  works  at  the  base,  midway, 
and  on  the  summit  of  Missionary  Ridge.  Thomas'  right 
had  forded  Chattanooga  Creek,  and  came  upon  the  flank 
of  a  Confederate  division,  which  fell  back  north  along  the 
ridge,  and  was  thrown  on  Palmer,  where  the  Confederate 
line  had  yielded  the  ridge,  many  being  captured.  Bragg 
occupied  a  second  hill  in  rear  of  Missionary  Ridge  and 
resisted  there,  but  Thomas'  men  moved  forward  and  es 
sayed  to  surround  it.  When  almost  done,  the  Confed 
erates  abandoned  artillery  and  hastily  fled.  Many  prison 
ers  were  taken  there.  Bragg's  headquarters  were  in 
Thomas'  possession  just  before  sunset.  Forty  guns  were 
captured  in  the  battle.  Ringgold.  Thomas  was  engaged 
in  reorganizing  his  army  December  1st,  1863,  to  May  2d, 
1864.  He  was  in  supreme  command  of  the  whole  com 
bination  assembled  around  Chattanooga.  As  such,  he  con 
fronted  Johnston.  He  made  a  formidable  reconnoissance 
against  Johnston  at  Dalton  in  February,  1864,  trying  the 
Confederate  line  at  Buzzard's  Roost,  February  25th.  He 
commanded  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  65,000  men,  in 
the  Atlanta  campaign.  His  infantry  was  two-thirds  of 
the  whole.  During  the  Atlanta  campaign,  it  was  Thomas' 
army  which  generally  faced  Johnston's  line,  while  the 
other  two  Federal  armies  cooperating  were  employed  in 
turning  movements.  Troops  of  Thomas'  army  reconnoit- 
ered  toward  Tunnel  Hill,  May  Sd,  1864,  and  developed 
the  Confederates  in  force  there.  Thomas  was  engaged  in 
operations  around  Dalton,  May  7th-13th.  He  took  Tun 
nel  Hill,  pressed  Confederates  into  intrenchments  at  Buz 
zard's  Roost,  and  attacked  at  Dug  Gap,  covering  the 
movement  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  to  Snake  Creek 


374     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Gap,  having  one  of  his  corps  hide  the  flanking  army.  He 
took  a  part  of  Rocky  Face  Ridge  May  8th.  He  attacked 
Buzzard's  Roost  Gap.  Thomas  had  only  one  corps  and 
some  cavalry  at  Rocky  Face  Ridge  May  12th,  all  other 
troops  being  in  motion  to  concentrate  at  Snake  Creek  Gap, 
when  Johnston  advanced.  Wood  moved  to  the  support  of 
Newton  and  the  Confederates  retired.  Some  of  Thomas' 
troops  occupied  Dalton  May  13th,  and  followed  the  Con 
federates  toward  Resaca.  Thomas  was  engaged  in  demon 
strations  against  Resaca  from  May  13th  until  it  was 
occupied  May  16th.  At  Resaca  Johnston  attempted  to 
turn  the  Federal  left  flank.  Thomas  moved  troops  to  meet 
him,  which  arrived  just  as  the  flank  had  been  turned  and 
pressed  back,  and  they  repulsed  the  Confederates.  At 
Resaca,  the  15th,  some  of  his  troops  began  the  day's  battle. 
His  men  carried  some  hills.  His  army  did  considerable 
fighting.  Thomas  repulsed  an  advance  to  regain  a  battery, 
which  the  Confederates  had  been  forced  to  abandon. 
When  Johnston  abandoned  Resaca,  Thomas  engaged  his 
rear-guard  and  pursued  directly  from  Resaca.  Thomas 
sent  a  division  against  Rome,  which  fought  May  17th,  and 
captured  Rome  next  day,  with  machine-shops,  iron-works, 
stores  and  cotton.  Cassville.  New  Hope  Church, —  some 
of  his  troops  pushed  Confederates  a  mile  and  a  half. 
Thomas  made  a  reconnoissance  to  Dallas  May  26th,  to 
determine  the  position  of  Johnston's  left  flank,  and  open 
communication  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  Pickett's 
Mills.  Movement  against  Pine  Mountain,  with  almost 
daily  severe  engagements,  May  28th  to  June  20th.  The 
shot  which  killed  Polk  at  Pine  Mountain  is  said  to  have 
been  fired  at  his  order.  Some  of  his  troops  carried  an 
intrenched  skirmish  line  at  Pine  Mountain.  At  Adairsville, 
June  18th,  he  took  a  portion  of  Johnston's  line,  leading 
him  to  abandon  his  position.  At  Gulp's  Hill  Thomas' 
troops  at  3  A.  M.  drove  Confederates  from  a  hill  a  mile  in 
front  of  the  center  of  the  20th  corps.  At  3  p.  M.  John 
ston  attacked  Thomas'  front  and  was  repulsed.  Kene- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      375 

saw  Mountain  battles,  June  20th  to  July  2d.  At  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  June  27th,  Thomas  made  two  attacks  on 
Johnston's  center,  and  his  men  got  up  to  the  works. 
Ruff's  Station.  Thomas  advised  that  Atlanta  be  turned 
by  the  left  flank,  and  this  was  eventually  done.  The  Pas 
sage  of  the  Chattahoochee,  July  12th-17th.  Peach  Tree 
Creek,  July  19th-21st.  On  the  19th,  some  of  his  troops 
constructed  a  bridge,  and  forced  the  passage  of  the  creek, 
and  his  army  fought  its  way  over.  The  battle  of  the  20th 
was  fought  by  Thomas'  army,  entirely  under  his  personal 
direction.  There  was  a  gap  of  nearly  two  miles  between 
Thomas'  present  troops  and  those  to  the  left.  Newton  was 
the  left  flank  of  those  with  Thomas.  Hood  advanced  in 
lines  that  overlapped  Newton,  who  was  the  first  division 
struck.  The  front  attack  was  repulsed,  but  whole  bat 
talions  of  Confederates  went  into  the  gap.  Thomas,  be 
hind  the  creek,  turned  some  reserve  batteries  upon  those 
battalions  and  cannonaded  the  thicket  thereabout.  The 
flanking  Confederates  broke  in  confusion.  The  attack 
wras  repulsed  all  along  the  line.  Hood  made  a  second 
general  attack,  commencing  upon  Newton's  left.  The 
crisis  came  with  the  reappearance  of  Bate's  division  to  the 
left  and  rear  of  Newton.  Thomas  moved  the  artillery  of 
Ward's  division,  in  person  hastening  up  two  batteries, 
urging  the  horses  on,  using  his  sword  upon  them,  and 
planted  them  alongside  of  two  left  by  Newton.  He  sat  on 
his  horse  among  the  guns  the  moment  they  were  in  position, 
and  helped  direct  the  fire.  It  was  the  turning  point  of  the 
conflict.  They  fired  at  short  range  furiously,  and  the 
attack  was  repulsed  there,  saving  his  flank.  The  battle 
passed  on  to  the  right,  but  the  Federal  line  was  now  com 
pact,  and  charge  after  charge  was  repulsed.  Thomas  was 
with  the  troops  at  points  of  extreme  danger.  Stewart 
drove  Thomas'  right  from  its  works,  and  held  them  until 
driven  out  by  an  enfilade  fire  of  batteries  placed  in  position 
by  Thomas.  During  the  battle  of  Atlanta,  July  22d, 
Thomas  tried  to  break  through  the  Confederate  intrench- 


376      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ments.  At  Ezra  Church  Thomas'  whole  army  front  skir 
mished  as  a  diversion  while  Hood  was  attacking  the  right 
of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  August  4th,  one  of  his 
corps  felt  the  Confederate  line  heavily,  and  August  5th 
one  of  his  divisions  pushed  up  against  the  Confederates. 
August  6th  Hood  felt  Thomas'  line  from  right  to  left. 
One  of  his  corps  carried  a  line  of  rifle-pits,  and  established 
a  line  close  to  the  Confederate  works  August  7th.  One 
of  Thomas'  divisions  reached  the  railroad  southeast  of 
Atlanta  August  30th.  A  part  of  his  army  was  attacked 
by  Hardee's  and  Lee's  corps,  which  were  repulsed. 
Thomas  mainly  fought  the  battle  of  Jonesboro.  R.  W. 
Johnson's  corps,  the  14th,  in  the  presence  of  Thomas, 
under  his  directions  and  by  his  order,  attacked  Hardee's 
corps,  posted  behind  intrenchments,  and  dislodged  it. 
Nearly  1,000  men,  8  guns  and  7  battle-flags  were  captured. 
One  of  his  divisions  carried  its  entire  front.  It  was  the 
most  complete  and  successful  assault  upon  formidable 
works  of  the  whole  campaign,  and  led  to  the  evacuation 
•of  Atlanta  next  day.  September  2d,  the  20th  corps  of 
Thomas'  command  entered  Atlanta.  At  Lovejoy's  Station 
part  of  Thomas'  army  attacked  the  Confederates.  Thomas 
afterward  went  to  Chattanooga  to  defend  communications 
of  the  armies  at  Atlanta.  Forrest  started  September  20th 
against  Federal  posts  and  communications  in  Tennessee. 
Thomas  was  sent  to  Nashville  September  28th.  He  con 
verged  four  columns  upon  Forrest.  Forrest  retreated 
across  the  Tennessee  River.  When  Hood  moved  north 
Thomas  made  dispositions  to  resist  him.  From  October 
to  December  he  was  engaged  at  Nashville  in  organizing 
defenses  of  Tennessee  against  Hood.  He  obtained  knowl 
edge  of  Hood's  move  toward  Gadsden.  October  19th 
Thomas  was  put  in  command  of  all  the  Military  Division 
of  the  Mississippi  except  the  army  marching  to  the  sea. 
Hood  started  north  from  the  Tennessee  River  October 
19th.  Thomas  made  combinations  against  him.  He  di 
rected  the  concentration  of  two  corps  on  Pulaski,  with 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      377 

intent  to  impede  rather  than  seriously  dispute  Hood's  ad 
vance  on  Nashville.  When  Croxton  discovered  that  Hood 
was  crossing  the  Tennessee  River,  Thomas  ordered  reen- 
forcements  to  Croxton,  and  directed  a  force  toward  Co 
lumbia  as  a  diversion,  to  confront  and  delay  Hood. 
Thomas  also  directed  a  force  of  4,200  men  against  Breck- 
enridge  in  northeast  Tennessee,  to  try  to  drive  him  into 
Virginia.  A  detachment  was  sent  into  North  Carolina  to 
hold  the  mountain  passes.  Breckenridge  was  pushed  into 
Virginia  and  the  Federals  entered  southwest  Virginia,  occu 
pied  Bristol  and  Abingdon,  destroyed  the  railroad  and 
advanced  upon  Wytheville,  which  was  captured  with  its 
stores.  The  main  Confederate  salt-works,  at  Saltville, 
lead-works,  railroad,  iron-works,  and  great  quantities  of 
stores  were  destroyed  and  500  Confederates  were  captured. 
Thomas  made  dispositions  for  the  defense  of  the  line  of 
the  Duck  River.  He  was  trying  to  delay  Hood  until  he 
could  receive  troops  at  Nashville.  When  Thomas  received 
information  that  Hood  was  about  crossing  the  Duck  River, 
he  ordered  his  advance  force  back  to  Franklin.  November 
29th,  at  3  :30  A.  M.,  Thomas  gave  positive  direction  for  the 
withdrawal  of  his  advanced  force  from  Columbia.  The 
delay  to  Hood,  fighting  the  battle  of  Franklin,  following 
the  previous  delays  effected  by  the  two  corps  interposed  by 
Thomas,  kept  him  from  reaching  Nashville  until  after 
troops  from  other  directions  had  reached  there,  which  was 
the  day  after  the  battle  of  Franklin.  Thomas  had  no 
force  at  Nashville  before  that.  Thomas  assembled  and 
consolidated  at  Nashville  various  commands  into  an  orderly 
army  organization.  At  Nashville,  Thomas'  plan  of  battle 
was  for  the  left  and  center  to  threaten  and  keep  the  Con 
federates  opposite  them  in  place,  while  he  had  his  entire 
right  wing  make  a  grand  left  wheel,  with  cavalry  beyond 
them  and  overlapping  the  Confederate  left  flank.  A  bri 
gade  in  his  center  took  Montgomery  Hill,  the  strong  salient 
of  Hood's  position.  The  whole  line  swept  forward  there, 
and  many  prisoners  were  taken  about  noon.  Hood's  left 


378      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

was  beaten,  and  the  Confederate  guns  were  turned  on  them. 
The  center  still  held.  Wood  then  defeated  the  center,  and 
Hood  fell  back  to  Granny  White  pike.  His  left  had  been 
turned,  and  17  guns  and  1,200  men  had  been  taken.  His 
left  was  driven  eight  miles  before  night  fell.  The  center 
was  forced  back  from  both  outer  and  inner  works  and 
pushed  to  new  ground  far  in  the  rear.  Hood  took  a  strong 
position  during  the  night.  At  early  dawn  Thomas  had  his 
center  moved  forward  to  contact  with  the  opposing  line. 
He  had  his  cavalry  pass  beyond  Hood's  left  and  secure  a 
lodgment  on  the  Granny  White  pike.  Having  reached  the 
Confederate  rear  they  moved  north,  came  up  back  of 
Hood's  left  flank,  got  two  guns  in  position  and  shelled 
Bate  there.  Thomas'  infantry  in  front  attacked,  and  the 
cavalry  charged  from  the  rear  as  the  infantry  climbed 
the  hill  in  front.  The  Confederates  on  it  ran  to  the  right 
and  rear.  There  was  a  general  charge  and  Hood's  left  and 
center  broke  from  the  field.  Here  is  seen  a  scientific  plan, 
and  the  battle  so  ordered  that  the  plan  unfolded  to  a  full 
exhibition  of  its  efficacy  in  practice.  Thomas  pursued 
continuously.  December  18th  he  ordered  troops  to  Decatur 
to  push  Hood  from  that  direction,  threatening  his  com 
munications  from  west  of  Florence.  After  Hood  crossed 
the  Tennessee  River,  cavalry  from  Decatur  overtook  him, 
destroying  his  pontoon  train  and  his  wagons,  and  captur 
ing  several  hundred  prisoners.  In  the  Nashville  campaign 
Thomas  captured  11,857  men  and  exchanged  1,332.  He 
received  the  oath  of  submission  of  2,207  deserters. 
He  captured  72  guns  and  3,079  small  arms.  Hood's  fail 
ure  resulted  in  despondency  far  and  wide.  Thomas  organ 
ized  various  raiding  expeditions  and  sent  troops  to  other 
departments  from  December,  1864,  to  May,  1865,  which 
materially  contributed  to  the  final  overthrow  of  the  Con 
federates.  At  Eastport,  February  23d,  1865,  Thomas  be 
gan  to  arrange  for  his  expedition  of  12,500  cavalry,  to 
demonstrate  against  Tuscaloosa  and  Selma  in  favor  of 
Canby's  operations  against  Mobile  and  central  Alabama. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      379 

Thomas  gave  permission  for  an  attempt  to  take  Tuscaloosa 
and  Selma,  which  succeeded.  Montgomery,  West  Point, 
Ga.,  and  Columbus,  Ga.,  were  taken  also.  The  ram  Jack 
son  was  destroyed.  Macon,  Ga.,  was  occupied.  6,766 
Confederates  were  captured  in  the  expedition.  Thomas 
was  at  Chattanooga  March  14th.  He  gave  orders  for 
Wood's  corps  to  advance  from  Huntsville  as  far  into  east 
Tennessee  as  it  could  supply  itself.  Thomas  sent  a  cav 
alry  expedition  from  Knoxville  into  North  Carolina,  thence 
toward  Lynchburg,  March  20th.  It  destroyed  the  Vir 
ginia  &  Tennessee  Railroad  from  Wytheville  nearly  to 
Lynchburg.  A  detachment  struck  Salem,  Va.  The  expe 
dition  swept  through  southwest  Virginia,  blocking  Lee's 
communications  with  that  region,  and  diminishing  his  scant 
supplies.  Turning  into  North  Carolina,  it  captured  the 
prison  at  Salisbury,  and  interrupted  Lee's  railroads,  cap 
turing  14  guns  and  1,300  prisoners,  and  driving  the  Con 
federates.  Upon  receiving  notice,  April  27th,  1865,  to 
disregard  the  armistice  between  Johnston's  and  the  Federal 
army  confronting  him,  Thomas  made  dispositions  for  the 
capture  of  Jefferson  Davis  and  his  party,  which  were 
successful. 

Thruston,  Charles  M.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General 
of  Volunteers.  Was  engaged  in  guarding  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad  in  1861-62. 

Tidball,  J.  C.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Defense  of  Fort  Pickens,  April  19th  to  July 
3d,  1861.  Defenses  of  Washington,  July  18th,  186i. 
Bull  Run.  Defenses  of  Washington,  July  23d,  1861,  to 
March  10th,  1862.  Before  Yorktown.  Williamsburg. 
New  Bridge.  Mechanicsville.  Games'  Mill.  Malvern  Hill. 
Harrison's  Landing.  Maryland  campaign.  Boonsboro. 
He  fought  bravely  and  well  at  Antietam.  Shepherdstown. 
Upperville,  November,  1862.  Fredericksburg.  Raid  to 
ward  Richmond,  April  13th  to  May  2d,  1863.  Chancel- 
lorsville.  He  commanded  a  brigade  of  horse  artillery 
in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign.  Aldie.  Upperville.  In 


380      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

command  of  an  artillery  brigade  at  Gettysburg,  and  in  the 
advance  upon  Lee  to  Warrenton.  Defenses  of  Washing 
ton,  August,  1863,  to  March,  1864.  Wilderness.  Con 
spicuous  at  Spotsylvania,  commanding  the  artillery 
brigade  of  the  corps  which  pierced  the  Confederate  line 
at  the  Bloody  Angle.  North  Anna.  Totopotomoy.  Cold 
Harbor.  Good  conduct  in  the  operations  before  Peters 
burg.  In  command  of  the  artillery  of  the  9th  corps, 
October  9th,  1864,  to  April  2d,  1865.  After  the  capture 
of  Fort  Stedman,  Tidball  gathered  a  large  number  of 
pieces  of  artillery  and  planted  them  on  the  hills  in  the  rear 
of  the  captured  works,  so  as  to  sweep  the  space  between 
the  lines.  He  opened  on  the  captured  works  and  space 
around,  driving  the  Confederates  to  bomb-proofs,  and  ma 
terially  interfering  with  the  deployment  of  the  line  of 
battle.  He  was  intrepid  and  valuable.  Conspicuous  in 
the  assault  from  Fort  Sedgwick  on  the  Confederate  works, 
April  1st,  1865.  He  commanded  the  artillery  brigade  of 
the  9th  corps  in  the  Appomattox  campaign.  His  record 
in  the  War  is  honorable. 

Todd,  J.  B.  S.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  In  command  of  the  North  Missouri  District  from 
October  15th  to  December  1st,  1861.  He  commanded  a 
division  in  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  from  June  3d  to 
July  17th,  1862. 

Tompkins,  Chas.  H.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General.  At 
Fairfax  C.  H.  he  made  a  dashing  attack  and  won  a  victory. 
He  had  two  horses  shot  under  him,  the  second  falling  and 
severely  injuring  him.  This  cavalry  success  was  the  first 
of  the  War.  Bull  Run.  Winchester,  May  23d  to  25th. 
Games'  Mill.  Shenandoah  Valley  campaign.  Pope's  Vir 
ginia  campaign.  He  commanded  the  artillery  brigade  of 
the  6th  corps  at  Gettysburg,  Spotsylvania  and  Cold  Har 
bor.  Distinction  at  Cedar  Creek.  Operations  around 
Petersburg  and  Richmond,  commanding  the  artillery  bri 
gade  of  the  6th  corps. 

True,  James  M.,  Kentucky.     Brigadier  General  of  Vol- 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      381 

unteers.     Expedition    to    Little    Rock,    resulting    in    its 
capture. 

Turnbull,  Charles  N.,  District  of  Columbia.  Chief  En 
gineer  of  a  cavalry  corps.  Chief  Engineer  on  the  cavalry 
raid  in  June,  1864,  including  Trevilian  Station.  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  8th  army  corps,  and  on  engineer  recruit 
ing  service,  November  5th,  1864,  to  the  end. 

Turner,  Thomas,  District  of  Columbia.  Commodore. 
Commanded  the  New  Ironsides  in  the  attack  upon  Forts 
Sumter,  Moultrie  and  Beauregard,  in  Charleston  harbor, 
April  7th,  1863,  fighting  with  bravery,  judgment  and 
ability.  Naval  operations  around  Charleston  until  August, 
1863. 

Upshur,  John  H.,  Virginia.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
His  name  was  changed  from  Nottingham.  Reduction  of 
Forts  Hatteras  and  Clarke  and  forts  in  the  sounds  of  North 
Carolina  in  1861.  Commanded  the  W 'abash.  Capture  of 
Port  Royal.  He  commanded  the  Flambeau  in  the  opera 
tions  of  the  South  Atlantic  Squadron  between  January  and 
July,  1863.  Commanded  the  Minnesota  in  1863-64. 
This  was  Lee's  flag-ship  in  1864.  In  command  of  the 
Frolic.  Commanded  four  boats  in  the  expedition  into  the 
inland  coast  waters  in  the  vicinity  of  Port  Royal  and  Beau 
fort.  Several  expeditions  up  rivers  of  South  Carolina. 
Commanded  the  A.  D.  Vance  in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher. 
In  the  second  attack  he  commanded  the  reserve  division, 
and  was  charged  with  the  duty  of  landing  troops  and 
stores,  provisioning  the  army,  and  protecting  its  flank  with 
the  lighter  gunboats. 

Vandever,  William,  Maryland.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Organized  a  regiment  in  Iowa  and  led  it  to 
the  field.  Southwestern  campaign.  Commanding  a  bri 
gade  at  Pea  Ridge,  he  withstood  incessant  onslaughts  of 
the  Confederates  on  the  Federal  right  wing,  March  7th, 
and  aided  in  the  defeat  of  the  Confederates  there  next  day. 
He  marched  45  miles  the  day  before  the  battle  to  reenforcc 
the  army.  He  showed  bravery  and  merit  at  Arkansas 


382      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Post.  Siege  of  Vicksburg.  Atlanta  campaign.  At  Kene- 
saw  Mountain  he  succeeded  in  signaling  to  the  officer  com 
manding  at  Allatoona  a  message  to  hold  on,  as  the  main 
army  was  on  the  way.  He  was  gallant  at  Bentonville  in 
the  repelling  of  the  sudden  assault  of  Johnston.  He  was 
on  the  right,  which  held  fast. 

Vickers,  George,  Maryland.  Major  General  of  Mary 
land  state  militia. 

Walke,  Henry,  Virginia.  Naval  Captain.  Rendered 
important  service  in  preventing  the  capture  of  Fort  Pick- 
ens  in  the  start.  He  assisted  in  removal  of  troops  from 
the  mainland  to  the  Fort,  by  which  the  Fort  was  saved. 
He  was  in  command  of  the  Supply.  He  commanded  the 
gunboat  Tyler  at  Cairo,  September  12th,  1861.  He  made 
a  reconnoissance  to  Columbus,  Ky.,  September  14th.  He 
commanded  the  gunboats  Tyler  and  Lexington  and  con 
veyed  3,100  men  in  transports  to  Belmont.  He  protected 
the  troops,  attacked  the  batteries  at  Columbus  as  a  diver 
sion,  covered  the  retreat  of  the  troops,  and  prevented  the 
Confederates  from  cutting  off  a  portion  of  them.  He 
opened  fire  on  the  Confederates  pursuing  the  troops  at  the 
landing.  In  command  of  the  Carondelet  at  Fort  Henry. 
He  took  charge  of  Fort  Henry  until  the  troops  arrived. 
He  threw  a  few  shells  into  Fort  Donelson  on  the  12th.  He 
commenced  the  battle  at  Fort  Donelson  alone  on  the  13th. 
He  took  position  and,  as  a  diversion  for  the  army,  threw 
shells  into  the  Fort,  which  did  execution.  On  the  14th  he 
held  his  position  in  the  front  line  of  battle  in  the  general 
engagement,  being  the  last  to  retire.  He  commanded  the 
Carondelet  at  the  bombardment  of  Island  No.  10.  He  vol 
untarily  ran  the  gauntlet  of  the  Confederate  batteries 
April  4th  with  the  Carondelet  alone,  the  first  example  of 
successfully  passing  the  Confederate  batteries  on  the  Mis 
sissippi.  He  reached  New  Madrid  safely  and  captured 
batteries  below  the  Island.  His  exploit  caused  the  imme 
diate  surrender  of  Island  No.  10,  and  showed  the  possibil 
ity  of  opening  the  blockade  of  the  Mississippi.  After  the 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      383 

surrender  of  Island  No.  10,  he  silenced  the  heaviest  near 
battery  below.  His  success  enabled  the  army  to  cross  the 
river  and  capture  several  thousand  troops  near  Tipton- 
ville.  He  led  the  fleet  in  attacking  Confederate  gunboats 
at  the  naval  battle  of  Fort  Pillow.  He  rescued  the  Cin 
cinnati.  The  CarondeU't,  under  him,  alone  remained  in 
possession  of  the  battlefield.  The  Confederate  fleet,  ex 
cept  the  Van  Dorn,  was  destroyed.  The  Carondelet, 
Walke  commanding,  was  in  the  front  line  at  Memphis.  It 
was  the  principal  gunboat  engaged  by  the  ram  Arkansas. 
He  made  expeditions  up  the  Yazoo  River,  December  llth 
and  12th,  1862,  with  six  vessels,  to  destroy  batteries,  clear 
the  Yazoo  and  cover  the  landing  of  the  army,  which  duties 
were  well  performed.  He  sent  tin-clads  to  find  torpedoes. 
December  12th  gunboats  were  sent.  One  was  blown  up 
and  later  the  whole  fleet  worked  at  clearing  the  river. 
Passage  of  Vicksburg,  April  16th,  1863.  Grand  Gulf, 
April  29th.  In  the  Lafayette  he  led  the  second  division, 
attacking  Bald  Head.  He  silenced  the  main  fort  on  Point 
of  Rocks.  At  the  time  of  evacuation,  May  3d,  1863,  he 
fired  upon  the  Grand  Gulf  batteries.  Walke  was  in  the 
expedition  of  May,  1863,  up  Red  River.  Fort  de  Russy 
and  Alexandria  were  captured.  His  gunboats  approached 
Yazoo  City  May  21st,  and  the  Confederates  burnt  the 
Mobile  and  Republic,  and  another  large  ship  under  con 
struction.  He  dispersed  Taylor's  forces  at  Simmsport, 
and  blockaded  the  mouth  of  the  Red  River  in  June,  1863. 
Commanded  the  Fort  Jackson  and  Sacramento. 

Walker,  W.  McC.,  Maryland.  Naval  Captain.  Com 
manded  the  De  Sotoy  one  of  the  most  successful  blockaders 
during  the  War,  capturing  more  prizes  than  any  other 
vessel. 

Wallace,  Rush  R.,  Tennessee.  Lieutenant  Commander. 
Commanded  the  Shenandoah.  He  was  present  at  the  two 
attacks  on  Fort  Fisher. 

Wallen,  H.  D.,  Georgia.  Brigadier  General.  On  de 
tached  service  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  with  30,000  stand 


384      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

of  arms  for  the  eastern  armies,  1861.  Acting  Inspector 
General  of  the  Department  of  New  Mexico,  June,  1862, 
to  June,  1864. 

Ward,  Durbin,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Western  Virginia  campaign.  Rich  '  Mountain. 
Mill  Springs.  Pittsburg  Landing.  Perryville.  Stone 
River.  Distinction  at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded.  Atlanta  campaign.  Nashville. 

Ward,  W.  T.,  Virginia.  Major  General  of  Volunteers. 
Was  placed  in  command  of  all  Kentucky  volunteers  south 
of  Louisville.  He  was  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  Morgan 
in  1862.  In  command  of  Gallatin,  Tenn.  He  served  in 
the  Atlanta  campaign.  His  men  effected  a  lodgment  in  the 
Confederate  fortifications  at  Resaca.  His  division  charged 
the  retreating  Confederates,  capturing  three  guns  and  217 
prisoners.  With  other  troops  he  drove  Confederates  from 
their  battery.  At  Peach  Tree  Creek,  his  division  was  next 
to  Newton's,  who  was  left  flank,  and  was  second  to  receive 
the  attack.  He  resisted  strongly.  When  the  Confed 
erates  got  around  Newton's  right  flank,  Ward  advanced 
from  cover,  and  his  skirmish  line  held  the  Confederates  in 
check  until  the  whole  division  had  reached  a  hill  to  the 
right  and  rear  of  Newton.  He  drove  the  Confederates 
back  shattered,  advanced  and  filled  the  interval  on  Newton's 
right  and  fortified.  Ward  commanded  a  division  in  the 
March  to  the  Sea  and  the  March  through  the  Carolinas, 
performing  effective  services  in  the  fights  that  preceded 
the  surrender  of  Johnston's  army.  At  Averysboro,  Ward's 
and  another  division  were  deployed  in  front  of  the  Con 
federate  line.  His  skirmishers  soon  developed  the  Confed 
erates.  He  was  engaged  in  the  general  battle.  A  brigade 
was  sent  to  the  left,  and  got  in  the  rear  of  the  Confed 
erate  intrenchments.  He  pursued  the  Confederates  under 
Hardee. 

Watkins,  L.  D.,  Florida.  Brigadier  General  of  Volun 
teers.  Thompson's  Station.  Made  a  reputation  in  the 
expedition  to  east  Tennessee  under  Carter,  August  and 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      385 

September,  1863.  Chickamauga.  Pillow  called  upon 
Watkins  to  surrender  the  post  of  Lafayette,  June  24th, 
1864.  He  conducted  the  defense  gallantly,  repulsing  and 
foiling  the  Confederates  until  Croxton  reenforced  him. 
Gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in  defense  of  Resaca. 

Weaver,  Aaron  W.,  District  of  Columbia.  Lieutenant 
Commander.  Commanded  the  Susquehanna.  Forts  Hat- 
teras  and  Clarke.  Port  Royal,  capture  of  Forts  Beaure- 
gard  and  Walker.  Fall  of  Fort  Pulaski.  Sewell's  Point. 
Occupation  of  Norfolk.  Commanded  the  Winona.  En 
gagement  with  Confederate  batteries  near  Port  Hudson, 
December  14th,  1862.  Distinction  at  Placquemine. 
Weaver,  in  the  Winona,  arrived  during  the  engagement  at 
Donaldsonville.  Some  of  the  Confederates  got  in  the  Fort. 
He  continued  in  the  engagement  till  the  end,  when  the 
Confederates  retired.  He  bore  a  prominent  part  in  their 
repulse.  Engagement  with  Confederate  batteries  below 
Donaldsonville  after  the  fall  of  Port  Hudson.  March 
23d,  1864,  he  sent  boats  from  the  Winona  which  captured 
a  steamer.  He  commanded  the  Chippewa  in  the  first  at 
tack  on  Fort  Fisher,  and  the  monitor  Mahopac  in  its  cap 
ture.  On  advanced  picket  at  Charleston  when  it  fell.  He 
took  the  Mahopac  up  James  River,  participated  in  night 
bombardment  of  Confederate  works  near  Richmond  just 
previous  to  their  evacuation,  and  was  present  at  the  fall  of 
Richmond. 

Weightman,  R.  H.,  Maryland.  Was  killed  while  com 
manding  a  brigade  at  Wilson's  Creek. 

Wells,  Milton,  Virginia.  Commanded  a  brigade  at 
Cedar  Creek  and  in  the  operations  around  Petersburg. 
His  war  record  is  creditable. 

West,  Joseph  R.,  Louisiana.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Served  faithfully  and  with  merit  in  New  Mexico, 
Arkansas  and  the  southwest. 

Wheeler,  J.  B.,  North  Carolina.  Chief  Engineer  De 
partment  of  the  Susquehanna,  June  20th  to  September 
18th,  1863.  Chief  Engineer  Army  of  Arkansas,  Septem- 


386      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

ber  18th,  1863,  to  the  close  of  the  War.  Elkins  Ferry. 
Prairie  D'Ane.  Occupation  of  Camden.  Jenkin's  Ferry. 

White,  Carr  B.,  Kentucky.  South  Mountain.  An- 
tietam.  Brave  and  faithful  service  at  Cloyd's  Mountain. 
He  commanded  a  brigade  in  Hunter's  Lynchburg  expe 
dition. 

Whittaker,  Walter  C.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Shiloh.  Stone  River.  Whittaker's  was  one 
of  the  two  brigades  which  stopped  the  Confederate  advance 
into  Thomas'  rear  at  Chickamauga.  It  arrived  a  reen- 
forcement  from  the  north  after  Longstreet  had  routed  the 
Federal  right,  and  was  coming  around  into  Thomas'  rear. 
The  two  brigades  were  sent  against  the  Confederates  in 
the  gorge  and  on  the  ridge.  They  advanced  in  two  lines  at 
double-quick.  Whittaker  plunged  into  the  gorge  through 
which  Hindman's  left  was  pouring.  The  Confederates 
were  dislodged.  Twice  the  Confederates  charged  and 
were  driven  back  from  the  ridge.  Whittaker  was  wounded, 
and  four  of  his  five  staff  officers  were  killed  or  mortally 
wounded.  He  lost  154  men  killed,  654  wounded  and  518 
missing,  total  1,326  —  a  loss  so  heavy  as  to  be  worthy  of 
remark.  The  two  brigades  were  the  salvation  of  the  army 
in  the  extremity.  At  Lookout  Mountain,  Whittaker's  bri 
gade,  having  crossed  Lookout  Creek  at  Wauhatchie,  drove 
back  Confederate  pickets,  and  ascended  the  western  slope 
of  Lookout  Mountain  to  the  foot  of  the  palisade.  With 
a  division,  they  marched  north  along  the  western  slope, 
clearing  the  right  bank  of  the  creek  of  Confederates,  and 
covering  the  crossing  for  the  remaining  force.  Whittaker 
was  highest  up.  The  north  end  of  Lookout  was  turned. 
His  services  in  the  campaign  against  Atlanta  were  notable. 
June  20th,  1864,  his  brigade  crossed  Nose's  Creek,  and 
later  carried  a  wooded  hill  in  his  front,  and  barricaded  and 
held  the  position  against  repeated  and  furious  assaults. 
Johnston's  troops  were  driven  back.  At  Spring  Hill 
Whittaker's  brigade  and  other  troops  came  to  the  relief 
of  the  dangerously  isolated  Federal  division  at  about  7 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      387 

p.  M.  He  was  placed  to  cover  a  cross-road  a  mile  or  two 
below  Spring  Hill.  He  assisted  in  holding  the  turnpike. 
The  28th  Kentucky,  of  his  brigade,  did  large  service  in 
helping  to  keep  Hood's  advance  from  the  pike.  He  was 
posted  where  the  Confederate  line  was  nearest,  to  cover 
the  passing  of  the  army  yet  in  the  rear.  Franklin.  Nash 
ville. 

Williams,  Robert,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  U.  S. 
Army.  Hilton  Head,  Port  Royal.  Secessionville.  James 
Island.  Adjutant  General,  Department  of  Missouri,  of 
the  Platte  and  of  the  Division  of  Missouri. 

Williamson,  Jas.  A.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  Pea  Ridge.  He  led  a  brigade  at  Chickasaw 
Bayou  against  a  formidable  force,  strongly  intrenched,  and 
held  his  ground  when  all  support  had  been  withdrawn. 
He  was  seriously  wounded.  He  made  a  name  for  spirit 
and  good  conduct  in  the  campaigns  against  Vicksburg, 
Chattanooga  and  Atlanta.  In  command  of  the  District  of 
Missouri  at  St.  Louis  after  the  occupation  of  Savannah. 
Honorable  mention  for  the  War. 

Winslow,  John  A.,  North  Carolina.  Commodore. 
Helped  construct  the  Mississippi  River  flotilla.  He  took 
two  divisions  down  to  Cairo.  Fort  Pillow.  In  command 
of  an  expedition  up  the  White  River  for  the  relief  of  an 
army  force,  June,  1862.  He  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  Kearsarge  in  1863.  He  used  chain  armor,  after  Far- 
ragut's  example.  He  fought  the  Alabama,  and  disabled 
her.  She  surrendered  and  then  sank.  This  was  the  only 
sea-fight  of  prominence  in  the  War. 

Wise,  William  C.,  Virginia.  Commanded  the  flag-ship 
Malvern  in  attacks  on  Forts  Strong  and  Anderson,  and 
various  operations  on  the  Cape  Fear  River.  He  com 
manded  the  Malvern  on  James  River  during  the  final  move 
ments  against  Richmond,  it  being  the  first  vessel  to  reach 
the  city,  and  it  had  President  Lincoln  on  board. 

Witcher,  John  S.,  Virginia.  Brigadier  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  Brave  and  useful  service  in  the  Shcnandoah 


388      FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

campaign  of  1864,  and  the  final  campaign  around  Peters 
burg  and  Richmond.      Conspicuous  at  Ford's  Station. 

Wood,  Thomas  J.,  Kentucky.  Major  General  of  Vol 
unteers.  In  Indiana  he  organized,  equipped,  mustered 
into  service  and  sent  into  the  field  40,000  volunteers  from 
April  to  October,  1861.  In  command  of  a  brigade  at 
Camp  Nevin,  Ky.,  October  16th  to  December  24th,  1861. 
Placed  in  command  of  the  6th  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
January  15th,  1862.  He  displayed  great  energy  in  organ 
izing  it.  Shiloh.  Advance  upon  Corinth.  At  McMinn- 
ville  some  of  his  cavalry  worsted  Forrest.  Wood  did  good 
service  at  Perry ville.  At  Stanford,  Ky.,  he  engaged  artil 
lery  and  cavalry,  pursuing  the  Confederates.  Advance 
upon  Bragg.  He  avoided  an  effort  to  occupy  Murfrees- 
boro  which  Bragg  was  in  position  to  overwhelm.  At  Stone 
River,  he  held  the  left  flank.  He  helped  well,  though 
wounded  in  the  foot  at  ten  A.  M.  After  nearly  the  whole 
army  had  been  forced  into  a  new  line  at  right  angles  to 
the  first  position,  Bragg,  while  continuing  to  press  the 
right,  sent  Breckenridge  against  Wood.  Wood  placed 
batteries  and  disposed  troops  to  meet  him.  He  withstood 
repeated  Confederate  attacks  on  the  "  Round  Forest." 
He  sent  supports  to  Palmer.  Wood  managed  his  com 
mand  with  sound  judgment,  skill  and  heroism  in  the  crisis. 
Advance  on  Tullahoma.  He  occupied  Chattanooga,  Sep 
tember  9th,  1863.  At  Chickamauga  September  19th, 
when  Hood  crushed  the  right  center,  capturing  artillery  and 
seizing  the  Chattanooga  road,  he  was  forced  back  by  Wood 
and  other  fresh  troops.  Wood  had  a  horse  killed  under 
him.  On  the  20th  Wood  moved  to  support  Reynolds  and 
Longstreet  passed  through  the  gap  left.  After  the  Fed 
eral  right  center  was  pierced,  and  a  new  line  was  forming 
at  right  angles  to  the  first  line,  Wood  moved  to  fill  the  gap 
between  Reynolds  and  Brannan,  coolly  changing  front 
under  fire.  He  caused  one  of  his  brigades  to  charge  with 
fixed  bayonets.  The  Confederates  fell  back  and  Wood 
partly  filled  the  gap,  preventing  Longstreet  from  cutting 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

oiF  Brannan  and  then  striking  Reynolds,  and  attacking 
the  three  divisions  of  the  original  line  which  held  on  the 
left.  His  men  rushed  at  the  Confederates  with  the  bayonet 
and  sent  them  down  the  slopes.  Wood  reported  to  Thomas. 
He  resisted  furious  onslaughts.  Wood  was  struck  several 
times  and  severely  contused.  November  23d  Wood  began 
the  Chattanooga  advance.  He  led  in  taking  Orchard  Knob 
and  a  hill  to  the  right.  He  struck  in  flank  Confederates 
fighting  the  troops  laboring  for  the  position  on  the  left. 
A  line  a  mile  in  advance  of  the  former  position,  theretofore 
occupied  by  Confederates,  was  obtained.  At  Missionary 
Ridge  Wood's  men  drove  in  skirmishers,  took  their  part 
of  the  line  at  the  base,  another  half  way  up,  and  were  at 
the  fore  in  taking  intrenchments  on  the  crest  of  the  ridge. 
Wood  charged  on  horseback.  Part  of  the  Confederate 
line  ran,  many  were  captured,  and  many  more  threw  away 
their  arms  as  they  ran.  His  troops  enfiladed  the  adjacent 
Confederate  line.  One  of  his  brigades  pursued  down  the 
eastern  slope.  March  to  the  relief  of  Knoxville.  Dand- 
ridge,  Tenn.  He  participated  in  all  important  battles  of 
the  Atlanta  campaign.  Operations  around  Dalton.  He 
supported  Newton  in  taking  part  of  Rocky  Face  Ridge 
from  the  Confederates,  May  8th,  1864.  At  Resaca,  he 
came  abreast  of  Newton,  where  the  latter  had  gained 
ground,  and  drove  Confederates  from  their  rifle-pits. 
Adairsville.  New  Hope  Church.  At  Pickett's  Mills  he 
assaulted.  His  division  marched  to  strike  the  Confederate 
right  flank.  At  5  p.  M.  he  assaulted  the  main  line  deter 
minedly.  The  Confederates  poured  a  fire  on  his  left  flank 
and  forced  it  back,  and  his  right  flank  was  struck  also. 
His  troops  were  withdrawn.  Battles  and  skirmishes  about 
Pine  Mountain  and  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  20th  to  July 
2d.  June  18th  Wood  and  Newton  threw  forward  a  strong 
line  of  skirmishers,  partly  surprised  the  Confederates,  and 
took  a  portion  of  their  main  line.  Johnston  abandoned 
his  position.  June  21st  Wood  carried  an  intrenched  hill 
top,  and  then  gained  an  eminence  which  commanded  the 


390      FIGHTING   BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

Confederate  skirmish  line,  and  permitted  the  advance  of 
the  right  of  the  4th  corps.  Johnston  made  three  unsuc 
cessful  attempts  during  the  night  to  dislodge  Wood.  Pas 
sage  of  the  Chattahoochee.  Wood  constructed  a  bridge 
and  forced  the  passage  of  Peach  Tree  Creek,  July  19th, 
driving  Confederates  from  its  defenses.  During  the  battle 
of  Peach  Tree  Creek,  he  was  somewhat  heavily  engaged  in 
the  afternoon  to  the  left  of  the  two-mile  gap.  In  the 
battle  of  Atlanta,  July  22d,  after  a  Confederate  advantage, 
Wood  struck  the  left  flank,  breaking  it,  and  recaptured 
some  guns.  The  Confederates  recoiled.  Siege  of  At 
lanta.  Jonesboro.  At  Lovejoy's  Station,  Wood  was 
severely  wounded,  but  did  not  leave  the  field.  During 
Hood's  advance  on  Nashville,  one  of  Wood's  brigades, 
sent  east  for  observation,  reported  Hood's  crossing  of 
the  Duck  River.  His  division  protected  the  train  at 
Thompson's  Station  in  an  extremity  from  a  cavalry  attack. 
He  deployed  his  division  on  the  east  of  the  road  to  meet 
the  attack.  His  division  remained  on  the  right  in  the 
retreat  to  Franklin.  At  Franklin  the  command  of  the  4th 
corps  devolved  upon  him,  and  he  handled  it  with  ability. 
He  repulsed  a  charge.  He  remained  in  command  of  the 
corps.  In  the  retreat  from  Franklin  to  Nashville,  he  acted 
as  rear-guard.  At  Nashville,  December  15th,  Hood's  skir 
mishers  fell  back  before  his  advance.  One  of  his  brigades 
took  Montgomery  Hill.  The  whole  line  swept  forward 
there,  and  many  prisoners  were"  taken.  Wood  was  ordered 
to  attack  the  main  line.  The  Confederates  were  shelling. 
Wood  battled  with  his  whole*  corps.  His  guns  converged 
their  fire  on  a  fortified  hill  near  Hood's  center.  Then  one 
of  his  divisions  charged,  carried  the  intrenchments  and 
took  the  height.  In  the  assault,  the  Confederates  in  his 
front  were  driven  out  with  a  loss  of  guns  and  prisoners, 
and  their  whole  line  gave  way.  The  retreating  line  was 
followed  by  Wood's  entire  corps.  The  Confederates  were 
forced  back  to  a  new  position  at  the  foot  of  Harpeth  Hills. 
The  second  day  opened  with  an  advance  by  Wood  at  dawn. 


FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS      391 

Pie  drove  skirmishers,  and  moved  forward  till  he  con 
fronted  Hood's  new  position.  His  line  came  up  at  one 
point  near  the  salient  at  Overton's  Hill.  Wood  partici 
pated  in  two  assaults  on  Overton's  Hill,  the  second  succeed 
ing.  Wood  was  the  leading  infantry  in  the  pursuit,  using 
artillery,  and  ably  handling  his  troops.  In  March,  1865, 
Wood's  corps  was  ordered  to  advance  from  Huntsville  as 
far  into  east  Tennessee  as  it  could  supply  itself,  repairing 
the  railroad.  Wood's  qualities  as  a  commander  were  valu 
able.  He  was  cool  and  indomitable,  and  a  good  discipli 
narian,  and  of  marked  intelligence  and  activity. 

Wood,  William  W.  W.,  North  Carolina.  General  in 
spector  of  steam  machinery.  Engineer  in  chief.  He 
rendered  valuable  service  in  connection  with  the  steam  en 
gineering  service  in  the  navy  yards  at  New  York,  Phila 
delphia  and  Boston.  He  had  charge  of  the  construction 
of  the  Federal  iron-clad  fleet,  and  the  machinery  of  the 
new  class  of  vessels  then  introduced.  The  torpedo  used 
in  sinking  the  Albemarle  was  introduced  by  Wood,  and  the 
three  torpedo  steam-launches  employed  in  the  exploit  were 
his  plan. 

Woodruff,  W.  E.,  Kentucky.  Brigadier  General  of 
Volunteers.  With  Jas.  V.  Guthrie  he  established  Camp 
Clay.  They  raised  the  1st  and  2d  regiments  of  Kentucky 
infantry.  Knob  Gap.  He  was  in  the  right  wing  when  it 
was  suddenly  struck  at  Murfreesboro  and  forced  back. 
He  held  out  long.  He  had  received  the  attack  with  vet 
eran  courage.  In  the  second  position  he  gave  way  only 
before  a  third  attack.  His  was  the  last  brigade  of  his 
division  to  go.  He  retreated  through  the  woods,  then 
turned  and  charged  the  pursuers,  regaining  the  former  po 
sition,  but,  the  rest  of  the  line  being  gone,  he  retired.  He 
then  formed  on  Rousseau's  right. 

Yates,  Richard,  Kentucky.  Governor  of  Illinois.  En 
dorsed  Lincoln's  call  for  troops.  He  was  active  in  raising 
volunteers.  He  garrisoned  Cairo.  Governor  Yates  pro 
rogued  the  General  Assembly  of  Illinois  in  June,  1863, 


392     FIGHTING  BY  SOUTHERN  FEDERALS 

when  it  was  for  peace,  and  conducted  the  war  operations 
of  Illinois  until  the  following  year.  He  was  a  war 
Governor  upon  whom  President  Lincoln  relied. 


GENERAL  INDEX 


For  Southern  Federal  Army  and  Navy  Officers,  and  other  south 
erners  who  aided  the  Federal  cause,  see  ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OP 
SOUTHERN  OFFICERS  COMMANDING  BRIGADES,  VESSELS,  ETC.,  beginning 
on  page  275. 

For  Battles,  Combats,  etc.,  see  Index  of  Battles,  Combats,  Actions, 
Engagements  and  Expeditions,  page  403. 


Abingdon,  Va,,  242 
Ackworth,  Ga.,   200,  203 
Adams,  Confederate  General,  87 
Alphabetical    List    of    Southern 
Officers,    and    other    south 
erners  who  notably   aided, 
275,  et  seq. 

Anderson,  R.  H.,  Confederate 
General,  188,  191,  192,  194, 
264,  267 

Archer,  Confederate  General,  144 
ARKANSAS,  view  of  events  in,  22, 

29 

Federals  of,  aid  Missouri  Fed 
erals,  24 

campaign  in,  80,  110 
re-construction,  171,  179,  182 
Armies,     important,    commanded 
by    southern    Federals,    12 
Army    of    the    Cumberland,    112, 

122,  168 

genesis  of,  40,  45 
commanded  by  Thomas,  170 
Army      of     the      James      moves 
against     Petersburg     from 
the  north,  191 
Mississippi,  76 
Ohio,  40,  53,   74,  89,   108,   109, 

111,  186 

largely    southern    in    organ 
ization  and  composition,  68 
Potomac,  67,  90,  93,  94,  97,  114, 

168,   171 

Tennessee,  76,  85,  112,  186 
West,  48 
Virginia,  90 


Army,  United  States  regulars,  18 
Arsenal,  St.  Louis,  importance  of 

possession  of,  15 
contest  over,  25,  28 
Fort     Leavenworth,     protected 

by  Harney  and  Reno,  25 
Harper's   Ferry,   destroyed,   26 
Liberty,  Mo.,  26 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  29 
Arsenals,   United   States,  impor 
tance  of  possession  of,  18 
Assault    on    the    Richmond    rail 
road,  189 
Atlantic  Coast,  water  campaigns, 

TPT( 

Baltimore,  Md.,  26,  30,  109,  143, 
212 

Bardstown,  108 

Bate,  Wm.  B.,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  164,  214,  242,  244 

Batesville,  occupied  by  Federals, 
80 

Battles.     See    Index    of    Battles, 
Combats,  etc.,  403 

Beauregard,    P.    G.    T.,    Confed 
erate  General,  41,  74,  104, 
185,  196,  205 
takes  command  at  Shiloh,  72 

Bee,  Confederate  General,  185 

Bentonville,  Ark.,  61,  63 

Birthplace   fixing   status   of  offi 
cers,  14 

Bloody    Angle    at    Snotsylvania, 


394 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Bolton,  Miss.,  seized  by  McCler- 
nand,  135 

Border  States  freedom  conven 
tion,  180 

Bragg,  Braxton,  Confederate 
General,  92,  96,  103,  106, 
109,  111,  112,  117,  120- 
122,  142,  150,  156,  et  seq., 
168,  et  seq.,  237,  256,  257 

Breckenridge,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  96,  104,  119-121,  164, 
166,  196,  202,  227,  237,  242, 
246 

British  Government,  attitude  in 
the  War,  80 

Brown,  Mayor,  arrests  collision 
between  citizens  of  Balti 
more  and  Federal  troops, 
26 

Bruinsburg,  129 

Buckner,  S.  B.,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  45,  et  seq.,  172 

Cabell,       Confederate       General, 

captured,  234 
Cactochin  Pass,  104 
Cairo,  111.,  179 

troops  sent  to  by  Gov.  Yates, 

27 
Mississippi  River  blockaded  at, 

30 
Camp    Defiance    at,    camps    of 

instruction,  32 
importance     of,     naval     depot 

under  Pennock,  35 
Camp  Boone,  46 
Chase,  23 
Clay,  39 

established;     Kentucky     and 
Virginia     Federal     volun 
teers  organized  at,  22 
Denison,  O.,  112 
Dick  Robinson,  Ky.,  45 
established,  38,  40,  42 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee  vol 
unteers  organized,  47 
Douglas,  111.,  112 
Finnegan,  180 
Jackson,  29 
Jenkins,  52 

Joe  Holt  established  by  Rous 
seau,  36 
i\evin,  4»9 
Wildcat,  48 


Campaign  in  Arkansas,  80 
in  the  Carolinas,  258 
against  Chattanooga,  89 
to  open   the  Mississippi   River 

down  to  Vicksburg,  62 
Campaigns   against   Virginia,   33 
by    water    down    the    Atlantic 

Coast,  44 
of  Knoxville  and  Chickamauga, 

155 

Campbell,  Justice,  156 
Canby,  E.  R.  S.,  61,  69,  186,  2*7, 

et  seq.,  236,  249,  288 
in    command    in    New    Mexico, 

12,  34,  52,  77 
of  Military  Division  of  West 

Mississippi,  193 
quells    New    York   draft   riots, 

153 
operations  against  Mobile,  251, 

258,  261 
importance  of  his  reduction  of 

Mobile  defenses,  269 
surrender   of"  forces   east    and 
west     of     the     Mississippi 
River  to,  272 
Carolinas,  march  through  begins, 

253 

Carter,  J.  H.,  Confederate  Lieu 
tenant,  surrender  of  naval 
forces,  273 
Cavalry  corps  commanded  by  A. 

Pleasanton,   13 
chief  of,  R.  W.  Johnson,  Jno. 

W.  Davidson,  13 
Cemetery  Hill,  146 
Centreville,  Va.,  99 
Chalmers,    Confederate    General, 

241,  245 

Chambersburg,  Pa.,  142 
Chattanooga,   Tenn.,  94,   95,   155, 

167,  et  seq. 
Mitchel's     expedition     against, 

76,  89 

bombarded  by  Mitchel,  88 
occupation  of,  157 
bombarded  by  Bragg,  169 
Cheatham,    Confederate    General, 
160,  162,  209,  216,  239,  243, 
244 

Cherokee  national  council  repeals 
ordinance  of  secession,  124 
Chickahominy  River.  84,  86,  90 
Chickamauga  Campaign,  1»5,  168 


GENERAL  INDEX 


39.1 


Cincinnati,    defenses    constructed 

by  Mitchel,  47 
under  martial  law,  103,  153 

City  Point,  Va.,  203,  206 

Clarksburg,  Wheeling  assembly 
called,  2T 

Clelmrne,  Confederate  General, 
141,  162,  167,  214,  215 

Colored  Southern  Federals,  10 

Commander-in-chief  of  the  ar 
mies  of  the  United  States, 
Winfield  Scott,  15 
army  and  navy  of  the  United 
States,  President  Lincoln, 
16 

Comparison  of  numbers  of  Fed 
eral  combatants  from 
northern  and  southern 
States,  11 

of  white  population  of  seced 
ing  and  other  southern 
States,  11 

Confederate  generals,  total,  13 

Confederates,  total  troops,  11 
troops         maintained,        army 
strength,  10 

Confederate  States,  recognition 
of,  79 

COXXECTICUT,  total  Federal 
troops  from,  11 

Cooper,  Confederate  General,  110 

Coosa  River,  217 

Corinth,  Miss.,  76,  84,  et  seq. 

Corps,  southern  Federals  com 
manding,  12-13 

Crawfish  Springs,  160-163 

Crittenden,  Confederate  General, 
56 

Cross  Hollows,  61,  63 

Gulp's  Hill,  146 

Cumberland  River  opened,  61 

Dauphin  Island,  252 

Davidson,  Confederate  General, 
169 

Davis,  Jefferson,  capture  of,  272 

Deer  Creek,  125 

Department  of  Arkansas  com 
manded  by  Reynolds,  12, 
238 

Kansas  commanded  by  Hun 
ter,  12 

Kentucky  commanded  by  An 
derson  and  Palmer,  11,  12, 
34 


Department  of — (continued) 
New     Mexico    commanded     by 

Canby,  12,  52 

Ohio    and    of    Tennessee    com 
manded  by  Anderson,  11 
the     Cumberland     commanded 

by  Thomas,  12 
Gulf    commanded    by    Hurl- 
but,  12 
Northwest     commanded     by 

Pope,  12 
Ohio  commanded  by  Mitchel, 

12 

South  commanded  by  Bran- 
nan,    Hunter   and  Mitchel, 
11,  12 
West  commanded  by  Harney 

and  Hunter,  12,  16 
Virginia    and    North    Carolina 

commanded  by  Ord,  12 
West   Virginia  commanded   by 

Carroll,  12 
the    Western,    commanded    by 

Fremont,  12,  39 
Middle,  commanded  by  Ord,  12 
Departments       commanded       by 

southern  Federals,  11-12 
Dole,  Confederate  General,  192 
Draft    in    Maryland    and    Ken 
tucky,  187 

riots,  New  York,  Boston,  Jer 
sey  City,  153 
Dray  ton,     Confederate     General, 

106 

Dry    Tortugas    held    by    Jenkins 
against     expedition     from 
New  Orleans,  16 
Dunker  Church,  107 

Early,  Jubal  A.,  Confederate 
General,  142,  147,  191,  192, 
201,  202,  204,  et  seq.,  211, 
et  seq.,  227,  228,  233,  255 
East  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron 
commanded  by  Stribling, 
14 

East  Tennessee,  large  numbers 
against  the  Confederates, 
10 

Nelson     distributes     arms     to 
Federals  of,  30 

votes  against  secession,  36 

union  convention,  38 

Federal  uprising,  50 


B96 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Ewell,  R.  S.,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  88,  98-99,  139,  142, 
145,  170,  187-189,  191-194, 
267-268 

Expeditions  commanded  by 
southern  Federals,  13 

Farragut,  David  G.,  57,  82-84, 
97,  110,  121,  135,  137,  140 
152,  217,  221,  266,  303 

vice-admiral,  13,  247 

in  command  of  West  Gulf 
Squadron  and  on  the  Mis 
sissippi,  13-14,  62,  95 

attack  upon  Forts  Jackson  and 
St.  Philip,  77,  78,  80 

New  Orleans   captured  by,   79 

attack  upon  Vicksburg  by,  90- 
95 

Red  River  blockaded  by,  125- 
128 

attack    upon    Mobile    defenses, 

180,  219 
Fayetteville,  Ark.,  63 

N.  C.,  256 

Federal      combatants,      numbers 
from  northern  and   south 
ern  States  compared,  11 
Federals,  southern,  total  number, 
10.     See  Alphabetical  List 

colored,  10 

Florence,  Ala.,  235-236 
FLORIDA,  fails  to  take  possession 
of  Fort  Pickens,  16 

expedition,  124,  180 
Forney,  Confederate  General,  137 
Forrest,      Confederate      General, 
95-99,    101,    115,    160,   221, 
227,  229,  230,  236,  238,  241, 
242,  247,  262 
Fort  Alexander,  265 

Bartow,  58 

Clifton,  203 

Denison  commanded  by  Judah, 
98 

Gilmer,  229 

Gregg,  264 

Leavenworth,  25,  34 

Lee,  254 

McHenry,  249 

Macon,  N.  C.,  69,  80 

Parsons,  252 

Sanders,  177 

Smith,  182 

Taylor,  24 


Fort  —  (continued) 

Union,  N.  M.,  28,  52,  53 
Whitworth,  264 
Fox's  Gap,  105 

Frankfort,    Ky.,    secret    meeting 
of  prominent  Federals  at, 
28 
arsenal,   capture   of   prevented 

by  Thomas,  47 
Franklin,  Va.,  109 
Frederick,  Md.,  27,  28,  104 
Fredericksburg    campaign,     113- 

115 

French,  Confederate  General,  230 
French   Government,    attitude   in 

the  War,  79 
Frost,  Confederate  General,  114 

Garland,  Confederate  General, 
106 

Garnett,  Confederate  General, 
39-^0 

General  officers,  southern  Feder 
al.  See  Alphabetical  List 
total,  13 

Generals,  Confederate,  total,  13 
Federal,  total,  13 

German  blood  composes  St.  Louis 
Wide-Awakes,  15 

Gettysburg  campaign,  138 

Giltner,  Confederate  General, 
203,  230 

Gordon,  John  B.,  Confederate 
General,  212,  253,  268,  270 

Governors,      southern      Federals 

governors       of       northern 
tates,  18-19 

States  and  Territories,  18-20 
raise  troops,  185 
Gracie,  Confederate  General,  206 
Grand  Ecore,  183 
Greeneville,  Tenn.,  226 

Hagood,     Confederate     General, 

205,  223 
Halltown,  221 
Hampton,  Wade,  Confederate 

General,  207,  257 
Hardee,  Confederate  General,  96, 

120,  178,  195,  199,  200,  213, 

215,  216,  224,  225,  247,  256, 

257 
Harris,  Confederate  Governor  of 

Tennessee,      driven      from 

Nashville,  22 


GENERAL  INDEX 


397 


Harrisburg,  Pa.,  138 
Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  Ill 
Henderson's  Hill,  185 
Heth,  Confederate  General,  102, 

103,  143,  188 
Hickman,  Ky.,  45 
Hicks,    Thos.    H.,    Governor    of 
Maryland,   16,   19,   24,  26- 
28,  31 

Hill,  A.  P.,  Confederate  General, 
100,  102,  139,  144,  169,  187- 
188,  197,  253 
Hindman,    Confederate    General, 

102,  113,  116,  166 
Hoke,  Confederate  General,  184, 

193,  201,  205,  247,  256 
Holly  Springs,  112,  115 
Holmes,     Confederate     General, 

93,  151 
Home  Guards,  96 

formed  in  Missouri,  15 
organized    and   Camp    Jackson 

captured,  29 
fired     upon     and     terrify     St. 

Louis,  29 

formed  in  Kentucky  to  receive 

arms  from  Washington,  30 

Missouri,  growth  of,  35 

at  Cynthiana,  Ky.,  dispersed,  40 

Hood,  Confederate  General,  195, 

198,  213,  et  seq.,  252 
Horse  Shoe  Ridge,  163 

ILLINOIS,    opposition    to    passage 

of   northern   army   against 

the  South,  18 
total  Federal  troops  furnished 

by,  18 
General    Assembly    for    peace, 

139 
Imboden,     Confederate     General, 

139,  144,  148,  151,  200,  201 
INDIANA,    power    of,    thrown    to 

Federals,  19 
"military  bill,"  140 
INDIAN   TERRITORY,  Federals  fol 
low  Cooper  into,  110 
IOWA,  total  Federal  troops  from, 

11,  19 
Iron-clads,      Mississippi,      origin 

and    construction,    34,    37- 

38,  49 

first  launched,  49 
Iverson,  Confederate  General,  145 


Jackson,  T.  J.,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  38,  82,  84,  et  seq.,  104, 
106,  131,  et  seq. 

Jackson,    Governor    of    Missouri, 
maneuvers  to  gain  the  St. 
Louis  arsenal,  25 
orders  militia  assembled,  28 
camp    to    seize    the    St.    Louis 

arsenal,  28 
collects     forces     at     Jefferson 

City  for  a  campaign,  32 
calls    Missouri    to    arms     and 

adopts  war  measures,  36 
deposed,  41 

James  River,  84,  90,  91,  93,  94, 

155,  204,  206,  210,  252,  265 

Jenkins,      Confederate      General, 

192 
Johnson,  Andrew,  20,  22,  62,  271, 

323 
Johnson,     Bradley,     Confederate 

General,  213 
Johnson,     Bushrod,     Confederate 

General,  205 
Johnson,     Edward,     Confederate 

General,  82,  148,  193 
Johnson,    Confederate    Kentucky 

Governor,  75 

Johnston,  Albert  Sidney,  Con 
federate  General,  57,  71,  72 
Johnston,  Joseph  E.,  Confederate 
General,  41,  81,  86,  135, 
154,  179-181,  186,  194,  198, 
et  seq.,  255,  257-258,  271, 
272 

Jones,    Sam'l,    Confederate   Gen 
eral,  272 

Jones,  Confederate  General,  201, 
202 

KENTUCKY,  not  a  support  of  the 

Confederacy,  9 
neutrality,  32 
total  Federal  troops  from,  11, 

23 

commissioned  officers,  13 
how  the  State  was  swung,  21 
Federal  regiments  of,  in  vari 
ous  battles,  23 
arming  of  Federals  in,  28,  30, 

33,  36 

congressional  election,  38 
concentration  of  volunteers,  40, 
42,  46,  47,  48 


398 


GENERAL  INDEX 


KENTUCKY —  (continued} 

secession  measures,  31,  52,  53, 
110 

Kershaw,  Confederate  General, 
201 

Key  West,  16,  24,  62 

Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle  at 
tempt  to  seize  Louisville, 
41 

Knoxville,  Tenn.,  155,  156,  171, 
172,  177,  178,  253 

Lane,    Henry    S.,    Governor    of 

Indiana,  19 
Lay's  Ferry,  195 
Lee,  Fitzhugh,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  263,  268,  269,  270 
Lee,  Robert  E.,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  67,  87,  91-93,  95,  99, 
100,  103,  104-108,  113,  128, 
et   seq.,   144,    et   seq.,    153, 
169,    171,    177-178,   187,    et 
seq.,  201,  et  seq.,  222,  223, 
229,  235,  253,  259,  et  seq., 
270 
Lee,  S.  D.,  Confederate  General, 

137,  243 

Lee,  Samuel  P.,  78-80,  95,  127, 
128,  187,  189,  203,  218,  226, 
273,  328 

in  command  of  North  Atlantic 
Blockading  Squadron,  then 
of  Mississippi  Squadron, 
14,  103,  234 

in  the  front  of  the  fight  at 
Forts  Jackson  and  St. 
Philip,  78-79 

attacks  upon  Vicksburg,  84,  92 
appointed  acting  rear-admiral, 

103 

Lee,  W.  H.  F.,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  268 

Lexington,  Va.,  202 
Lincoln,    Abraham,    28,    35,    38, 

117,  330 
military  direction  exercised  by, 

16 
reenforcement  of  Fort  Sumter, 

17 

call  for  volunteers,  18 
arms   granted   for  Federals  of 
Kentucky    and    East    Ten 
nessee,  30 

refusal  of,  to  remove  Federal 
troops  from  Kentucky,  42 


Lincoln,    Abraham  —  (continued) 
expedition  for  capture  of  New 

Orleans  ordered  by,  52 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  266 
assassinated,  271 
Little  Round  Top,  146 
Longstreet,    James,    Confederate 
General,  105,  124,  127,  128, 
139,   157,   162,  et  seq.,  172, 
177,  182,  184,  188,  204 
Loring,      Confederate      General, 

136,  209 

Lost  Mountain,  200,  205 
Loudoun  Heights,  104 
LOUISIANA,   total   Federal   troops 

from,  11 

reconstruction,  180,  217 
Louisville,   Ky.,   22,   23,  30,    101, 

108,   180 

union  meeting,  26 
citizens      form      the      "  Union 

Club,"  31 
magazine,  31 

attempt     of     Knights    of    the 
Golden  Circle  to  seize,  41 
threatened,  46,  47 
under  martial  law,  152 


McCulloch,  Confederate  General, 
39,  42,  52,  61,  64 

Mclntosh,  Confederate  General, 
61 

Magoffin,  Governor  of  Kentucky, 
proclamation  of  neutrality, 
32 

removal  of  Federal  troops 
from  Kentucky  urged  by, 
42 

Magruder,  Confederate  General, 
93,  121 

Mahone,  Confederate  General, 
218 

March  to  the  Sea,  231,  237,  247 

Marmaduke,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  37,  116,  122,  123,  234 

Marshall,  Humphrey,  Confeder 
ate  General,  55,  104 

Marye's  Heights,  attacks  on,  115 
carried  by  Newton,  134 

MARYLAND,  not  a  support  of  the 

Confederacy,  9 
total  Federal  troops   from,   11 


GENERAL  INDEX 


391) 


MARYLAND —  (continued} 

volunteers  drawn  forth  against 
Lee's  Maryland  and  Penn 
sylvania      campaigns,      19, 
103 
how  the  State  was  swung,  20, 

43 

Baltimore  encounter,  26 
members     of     the     Legislature 

arrested  by  Federals,  46 
campaign,  103 

Mason,   Confederate  commission 
er,  52 

Maury,  Confederate  General,  271 
Merrimac,  65.     See   Virginia 
Military  Division  of  Mississippi, 

11 
West    of    the    Mississippi,    11, 

193 

Mine  Run  campaign,  171,  177 
Mississippi  expedition,  113 
River,  blockade  at  Cairo,  30 
war  importance  of,  35 
clear  to  commerce,  154 
MISSOURI,   not   a   support   of  the 

Confederacy,  9 

total  Federal   troops   from,   11 
"  Wide- Awakes,"  15,  21 
Home  Guards,  15,  21 
winning  the  State,  21 
number  of  Federal   regiments, 

23 

arms  obtained,  25 
capture  of  Camp   Jackson,  29 
peace  agreement,  32 
secession  effort,  49 
hostilities,  36 

Jefferson  City  captured,  37 
martial  law  declared,  42 
militia,  76-77,  94 
Montgomery  Hill,  243 
Morgan,    John    H.,    Confederate 
General,  40,  81,  94-96,  98, 
151-154,  203,  204,  226 
Mountain    region    of    the    South 
disaffected       toward       the 
Confederacy,  10 
Murfreesboro,     Tenn.,     95,     101, 

103,  112,  116 
campaign,  116-117 

Nashville,    Tenn.,    98,     103,    104, 

111,  112,  221,  237 
campaign  by  Federals,  55 
surrender  of,  61 


Nashville —  (continued) 

Hood's  campaign,  237-252 
Naval       commanders,       southern 

Federal,  13-14 
total,  13 
Native  southerners   living   in  the 

North,  Federals,  10 
Navy,  United  States,  total  south 
erners  leaving  and  remain 
ing,  13 

at  the  outbreak  of  the  War,  14 
work  of  in  the  War,  15 
iron-clads  built,  14 
origin     of     Mississippi      iron 
clads,  34 

first  wooden  gunboats  in  west 
ern  rivers,  34 
gains  in  1861,  54 

the  Tennessee  River  to  Flor 
ence,  58 
NEBRASKA      TERRITORY,      Federal 

troops  from,  19 
Negroes,  southern  Federal,  10 
Neuse  River,  125 
NEW    JERSEY,    peace    resolutions 
passed    by    the    House   of 
Representatives,  125 
NEW  MEXICO  TERRITORY,  Federal 

troops  from,  19 
Confederates    caused   to  leave, 

77 

New  Orleans,  La.,  naval  expedi 
tion,  52 

occupied  by  Farragut,  79 
importance  of,   and   effects   of 

its  capture,  79-80 
Norfolk,     Va.,     and    navy    yard 
evacuated  by   Federals,  27 
occupied  by  Federals,  83 
North,  1,  2,  3,  5,  6.     See  Federals 
native  southerners  living  in  the, 

Federals,  10 

saved   from   defensive   and   of 
fensive    measures    by    con 
tiguous  southern  States,  24 
Washington  cut  off,  26,  28 
North         Atlantic         Blockading 
Squadron    commanded    by 
S.  P.  Lee,  14 

L.  M.  Goldsborough,  14,  44 
NORTH  CAROLINA,  85 
secession  of,  32 

independence  of  State  Govern 
ment  declared,  49 
Federal  convention   elects  pro 
visional  governor,  52 


400 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Number,  total,  of  southern  Fed 
eral  general  officers,  13 

Federal  and  Confederate  Gen 
erals,  13 

southerners  leaving  and  re 
maining  in  the  United 
States  navy,  13 

southern  Federals  command 
ing  vessels,  13 

Ohio  River,  attempt  of  Confed 

crates  to  blockade,  106 
Opelousas,  128 

Ord,  E.  O.  C.,  50,  54,  87,  93,  105, 
108,  137,  140,  150,  153,  155, 
179,  182,  212,  215,  229,  249, 
259,  261,  et  seq.,  345 
in  command  of  the  Middle  De 
partment,    Department    of 
Virginia,   and  Department 
of     Virginia     and     North 
Carolina,  12,  250 
in  command   of  the   13th,  8th, 

18th  and  24th  corps,  12 
at  Hatchie  Bridge,  110 
of  the  Army  of  the  James, 

250 
Lee's     way     at      Appomattox 

blocked  by,  270 
Overton's  Hill,  244-245 

Pegram,     Confederate     General, 

39-40,  130,  232 

Perry,  Confederate  General,  148 
Petersburg,  Va.,  203,  208,  266 
Pettigrew,    Confederate    General, 

125 
Pickett,      Confederate      General, 

148-149,  201,  261,  263-264 
Pierpont,  Francis  H.,  20,  38 
Pillow,  Confederate  General,  45, 

208 

Po  River,  191,  192 
Point  Lookout,  213 
Polignac,  Confederate  General, 

181 
Polk,    Confederate    General,    45, 

62,  158,  162,  178,  204 
Pope,  John,  12,  40,  44,  48,  54,  62, 

69,    75,    76,    83,    85,   91,    et 

seq.,  352 
in  command  of  the  main  army 

in  the  east,  11,  90,  101 


Pope,    John,    in    command    of  — 

(continued) 

Department    of    the    North 
west,  12,  104 

Military  Division  of  the  Mis 
souri,  253 

captures      around      Tiptonville 
by,  75 

Population,  white,  in  seceding 
and  other  southern  States, 
11 

Potomac  River,  blockaded  by 
Confederates,  38,  66 

Price,  Sterling,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  32,  36,  44,  47,  48,  52, 
58,  59,  63-64,  70,  102,  105, 
108,  109,  151,  157,  184,  224, 
et  seq. 

Raids,  or  expeditions,  command 
ed  by  southern  Federals, 
13,  116 

Raleigh,  N.  C.,  271 

Ramseur,  Confederate  General, 
212,  232,  233 

Recruitments,  Federal,  by  south 
erners,  20,  22,  23,  25,  31 

Richmond,  Va.,  266 

Robertson,  Confederate  General, 
144 

Robinson,  Jas.  F.,  19 

Roddy,  Confederate  General,  168 

Rodes,  Confederate  General,  139, 
227 

Rome,  Ga.,  195,  196 

Rosser,  Confederate  General,  263 

Rossville,  166,  168,  175 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  16,  36,  228 
protection  of  property  in,  15 
"  Wide-A wakes,"  15 
arsenal,  15,  25,  28 
forces  in,  29 
encounter  in,  29 
Savannah,  Ga.,  57,  242,  249 

Tenn.,  67,  70 
Secession  of  southern  States,  29, 

32,  33 

Secessionists   in   Missouri   organ 
ized  as  minute  men,  15 
Seminary  Ridge,  144 
Semmes,     Confederate     Admiral, 

265 
Shelby,  Confederate  General,  122, 

169 
Shelby  ville,  122 


GENERAL  INDEX 


401 


Shenandoah  Valley,  or  Valley  of 

Virginia,  204,  255 
Sibley,   Confederate    General,    77 
Siege  of  Fort  Macon,  N.  C.,  69 
Lexington,  Mo.,  46 
Knoxville,  178 
Vicksburg,  137 

Slave-holding  States  that  re 
mained  in  the  Union  after 
Lincoln  became  President, 
16 

Slidell,  Confederate  Commission 
er,  52 

Smith,    E.     Kirby,    Confederate 
General,  70,  76,  80,  97,  101, 
103,  109,  111,  183,  272 
Smith,  G.  W.,  Confederate  Gen 
eral,  242 

Snodgrass  Hill,  163,  166,  167 
South,  14.     See  Confederates 
mountain  region  of,  disaffected 

to  the  Confederacy,  10 
soldiers    from,    supporting   the 
United  States  in  the  War, 
10 

natives    of,    living    north,    who 
fought    the    Confederates, 
10 
Federal   generals   born  in  the, 

13 

naval  officers  from  the,  13 
navy  placed  or  supported  Fed 
eral  armies  down  in  the,  15 
South  Anna  River,  200 
South        Atlantic        Blockading 

Squadron,  143 

SOUTH  CAROLINA,  fails  to  take 
possession  of  Fort  Suinter, 
16 

Union  Convention,  196 
Southerners    who    served    in    the 
United  States  navy,  total, 
13 
left  the  United  States  navy, 

total,  13 
classification,  14 

Southern  Federals,  total  number, 
10.     See  Alphabetical  List 
Springfield  Landing,  182-183 
Stanton,  Frederick  P.,  19 
State  Guard,  Missouri,  42 
States,   southern,   that  served   as 
buffers    against    the    Con 
federacy,  24 

Steuart,  Confederate  General, 
193 


Stevenson,  76 

Stewart,     Confederate     General, 

164,  213,  241,  257 
Stuart,    J.    E.    B.,    Confederate 

General,  54,  133,  139,  141, 

143,  144,  149 
Sunflower  River,  125 

Tanner's  Ferry,  195 
Taylor,      Richard,      Confederate 
General,  88,  126,  127,  140, 
182-183,  186,  272 
TENNESSEE,  total  Federal  troops 
from,    10.    See  East   Ten 
nessee 

Federals  aid  Federal  Ken 
tucky,  24 

secession  of,  29,  36 

Nashville  campaign,  55 
Tennessee    and    Kentucky    cam 
paign,  97 

Thomas,  George  H.,  38,  40,  68, 
70,  84-85,  89,  96,  98,  150, 
156,  et  seq.,  172,  et  seq., 
187,  et  seq.,  198,  et  seq., 
207,  et  seq.,  228,  236,  et 
seq.,  255,  256,  258,  259,  271, 
368 

main  army  in  the  west  com 
manded  by,  11 

in  command  of  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Mississip 
pi,  11,  231 

Department  of  the  Cumber 
land,  170 
Army    of    the    Cumberland, 

170 

14th  corps,  12 
Army  of  the  Tennessee,  76 

nucleus  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  formed  by, 
45,  47 

victorious  at  Mill  Springs,  56- 
57 

Army  of  the  Ohio  conducted 
toward  Nashville  by,  111 

in  Murfreesboro  battle,  119 

"Rock  of  Chickamauga,"  166- 
167 

in  Chattanooga  battles,  173-174 

reconnoissance  on  Dalton,  180- 
181 

troops  under,  in  the  Atlanta 
campaign,  186 

Tullahoma  campaign,  141 


402 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Thomas,  George — (continued) 
Peach  Tree  Creek,  213 
in  Jonesboro  battle,  225 
decisive  battle   of   the   War  — 
Nashville  —  won  by,  246 

Thompson,  Jeff,  Confederate 
General,  272 

Todd's  Tavern,  191 

Tompkins,  Chief  of  the  Knights 
of  the  Golden  Circle, 
killed,  41 

Total  number  of  southern  Fed 
erals,  10 

Trent,  arrest  of  Mason  and  Sh- 
dell,  52 

Trent's  Reach,  252 

Tulifmny  Cross  Roads,  249 

Tupelo,  Miss.,  92,  96 

Union  Club,  Louisville,  31 
Union  Safety  Committee  formed 

in  St.  Louis,  15 

United  States  army,  regulars,  18 
arsenals,  18.     See  Arsenal 
Government      occupies      Forts 
Sumter    and   Pickens,    16- 
17 
United   States  navy.    See   Navy 

Vallandigham,  138,  151 
Van     Dorn,     Earl,     Confederate 
General,  63,  64,  70,  108,  115 
Vaughn,     Confederate     General, 

229 

Vessels.    See  Navy 
Vicksburg,  Miss.,  90,  92,  94,  114- 

116,  125,  127,  168 
VIRGINIA,    total    Federal    troops 
from,     11.    See     Western 
Virginia 

campaigns  against,  33 
secession  of,  25,  26,  33 
entered  by  Federal  troops,  33 
northwestern,   cleared   of   Con 
federates,  33 

Virginia,  Federal,  organization 
of  Government,  20,  23,  38, 
39 

Convention   authorizes   creation 
of  State  of  West  Virginia, 
43 
legislative   consent   thereto,   83 


Walker,      Confederate      General, 

112,  167 
Walker,  R.  Lindsay,  Confederate 

General,  269 
Washington,  D.  C.,  protection  of, 

16,  26,  28 

Western  Department,   12,  37,  39 
Western    Virginia,    Confederates 

expelled,  22 

Wheeling  assembly,  27,  30,  32 
arms  for  P'ederals  of,  30 
Convention,  36,  37,  43,  53 
Constitution,  53,  69 
West  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron, 
commanded     by    Farragut 
and  Bell,  13-14 
West   Point,   southern    graduates 

on  the  Federal  side,  13 
West  Tennessee  army,  115 
WEST    VIRGINIA,    sides    with    the 

Federals,  10 

the  formation. of  the  State,  22 
act  for  admission  of,  approved, 

State  of,  comes  into  being,  140 

Wharton,    Confederate    General, 
232,  234 

Wheeler,     Confederate     General, 
117,  168,  169,  179,  221,  225 

Wheeling,  Federal  arms  distrib 
uted  from,  30 
Assembly,  30,  32,  38 

"  Wide-A wakes,"  15 

Wilcox,  Confederate  General,  87, 
148,  188 

Wilcox's  Landing,  207 

Wilkesboro,  N.  C.,  258 

Wise,     Henry     A.,     Confederate 
General,  203 

Wright,      Confederate      General, 
147,  148 

Woodstock,  Va.,  228 

Yazoo  City,  136 

Yazoo  River,  95,  114,  125,  136 

Haines'  Bluff,  116 

Chickasaw  Bluffs,  117 

expedition  from  the  north,  124 
York,  Pa.,  142 
York  River,  81,  86 

Zollicoffer,  Confederate  General, 
45,  47,  48,  56 


INDEX  OF  BATTLES,  COMBATS, 

ACTIONS,  ENGAGEMENTS 

AND  EXPEDITIONS 


tdairsville,  196 

(Ibemarle,  187,  234 

ddie,  140 

Alexander's  Bridge,  159 

Alexandria,  128,  135,  181 
\llatoona  Creek,  230 
Allatoona  Pass,  230 
Allen's  Farm,  92 
Amelia  Springs,  266 
Anderson,  Fort,  125,  254 
Annapolis,  27 
Antietam,  107 
Apache  Canon,  69 
Appalachicola,  69 
Appomattox  C.  H.,  268-270 
Appomattox  Station,  269-270 
Arkansas  Post,  122-123 
Arkansas  River,  210 
Asheville,  272 
Ashland,  90,  200,  256 
Atchafalaya,  203 
Athens,  227 
Atlanta,  215,  221,  224 
Atlanta,  140 
Auburn,  169 
Averysboro,  256 


Bacon  Creek,  54 

Baker's  Creek,  135 

Bald  Head,  129 

Bald  Hill  Knob,  215,  216 

Baltimore,  26 

Barnesville,  104 

Baton  Rouge,  82,  83,  96 

Bayliss  Creek,  Va.,  222 

Bayou  Fourches,  157 

Bayou  Pierre,  183-184 

Bay  port,  168 

Bean's  Station,  178 

Beaufort  Harbor,  N.  C.,  80 

Beauregard,  Fort,  51 


Beaver  Dam  Creek,  90 

Belmont,  50 

Bentonville,  257 

Bermuda  Hundred,  187,  196,  201, 

204,  205 

Bethesda  Church,  200 
Beverley  Ford,  139 
Big  Black  River,  136 
Big  Blue,  234 
Big  Mulberry  Creek,  262 
Bisland,  Fort,  127 
Blackburn's  Ford,  40 
Blackford's  Ford,  108 
Black  River,  181 
Blackwater,  109,  126 
Blakely,  Fort,  252,  263,  265,  269 
Boonsboro,  105,  211 
Booneville,  37 
Boteler's  Ford,  108 
Bowling  Green,  60 
Boydton  Road,  235 
Boydtown,  261-262 
Brandy  Station,  139,  155,  169 
Bridgeport,  76,  80,  150,  170 
Bridgeville,  266 
Bristoe,  98,  169 
Broad  River  Expedition,  238 
Brown's  Feny,  170,  171 
Brownsville,  53 
Brunswick,  62 
Brush  Mountain,  207,  208 
Budd's  Ferry,  50 
Buffington,  129 
Buffington  Island,  154 
Buford's  Station,  247 
Bull  Run,  41,  100 
Bull's  Bay  Expedition,  254 
Bull's  Gap,  237 
Bunker  Hill,  40 
Burnt  Hickory,  199 
Butler,  Fort,  142 
Buzzard's  Roost,  180,  190 


403 


404 


INDEX  OF  BATTLES 


Cairo,  27,  32 

Calhoun,  179 

Camden,  Ark.,  184,  185 

Camden,  N.  C.,  77 

Campbell's  Station,  172 

Cane  Creek,  170 

Cane  River,  185 

Cape  Fear  River,  251,  254 

Carlisle,  144 

Carrick's  Ford,  40 

Carroll  Station,  229 

Carthage,  39 

Cassville,  197 

Caswell,  Fort,  124,  251 

Cave  City,  50 

Cedar  Creek,  231 

Cedar  Mountain,  96 

Cedar  Run,  96 

Chaffin's  Bluff,  229 

Chaffin's  Farm,  228 

Chalmette  batteries,  79 

Champion's  Hill,  135 

Chancellorsville,  131-133 

Chantilly,  102 

Chaplin  Hills,  110 

Charles  City  Cross  Roads,  93 

Charleston,  126,  171,  251,  254 

Charleston  harbor,  89,  152,  156 

Charlestown,  223 

Chattahoochee  River,  210-212 

Chattanooga,  172,  et  seq. 

Cheat  Mountain,  46 

Cheraw,  255 

Chickamauga,  159,  et  seq. 

Chickasaw  Bluffs,  116-117 

Chuckatuck,  128 

Cincinnati,  102,  153 

Clarendon,  210 

Clark,  Fort,  44 

Clinch,  Fort,  62 

Cloyd's  Mountain,  192 

Cobb's  Point,  59 

Coggin's  Point,  96 

Cold  Harbor,  200,  et  seq. 

Columbia,  Tenn.,  229,  238 

Columbia,  S.  C.,  254 

Columbus,  Ga.,  271 

Columbus,  Ky.,  45 
Corinth,  109 
Corpus  Christi,  97 
Covington,  112 
Craig,  Fort,  52,  61 
Craighead's  Bend,  83 
Crampton's  Gap,  106 
Crater,  218 


Cross  Keys,  88 
Culpeper,  155,  158 
Culp's  Farm,  208 
Culp's  House,  208 
Cumberland  Gap,  89,  107,  156 
Cynthiana,  204 

Dabney's  Mills,  253 

Dallas,  198,  et  seq.,  229 

Dalton,  180,  194,  221,  231 

Dandridge,  179 

Darbytown  Road,  230,  235 

Darling,  Fort,  84,  194 

Davidson,  Fort,  228 

Deatonville,  267 

Decatur,  Ala.,  231,  234,  246,  249 

Decatur,  Ga.,  211,  215 

Deep  Bottom,  207,  210,  222 

De  Russy,  Fort,  134,  181 

Deveaux's  Neck,  242 

Diamond  Hill,  206 

Dinwiddie  C.  H.,  262 

Donaldsonville,  142,  153 

Donelson,  Fort,  59-60 

Dranesville,  54 

Drewry's  Bluff,  84,  196 

Droop  Mountain,  171 

Dry  Forks,  39 

Duck  River,  122,  238,  et  seq. 

Dug  Gap,  181,  190 

Dug  Springs,  42 

Dutton's  Hill,  126 

Ebenezer  Church,  263 
Edgefield  Junction,  98 
Elizabeth  City,  59 
Elk  Horn  Tavern,  63-65 
Elk  River,  150 
Elk  Water,  46 
Emory,  156 
Ezra  Church,  217 

Fairfax  C.  H.,  35 
Fair  Oaks,  86,  235 
Falling  Waters,  38 
Farmington,  83,  169 
Farmville,  268 
Fernandina,  62 
Finnegan,  Camp,  180 
Fisher,  Fort,  247,  248,  250 
Fisher's  Hill,  228,  233 
Five  Forks,  263 
Florida  Expedition,  180 
Folly  Island,  152 


INDEX  OF  BATTLES 


405 


Four  Mile  Creek,  205,  217 
Franklin,  239-240 
Frayser's  Farm,  93 
Frederick  City,  104 
Fredericksburg,  115,  196 
Front  Royal,  85 

Gaines,  Fort,  179,  218,  219 
Games'  Mill,  90-92 
Gallatin,  9G,  98 
Galveston,  98,  121,  273 
Garnett's  Farm,  92 
Garrison  Creek,  141 
Gettysburg,  144,  et  seq. 
Glendale,  93 
Globe  Tavern,  222-223 
Glorietta,  69 
Golding's  Farm,  92 
Goldsboro,  255,  256 
Grahamsville,  241 
Grand  Gulf,  125,  129,  133 
Gravelly  Run,  261 
Gray,  Fort,  184 
Greenbrier  River,  48 
Gregg,  Battery,  156 
Grimball,  Fort,  153 
Groveton,  99 

Hagerstown,  151,  211 

Raines'  Bluff,  116,  129 

Hallsville,  54 

Hamilton,  94 

Hampton  Roads,  65 

Hanover,  Pa.,  143 

Hanover  C.  H.,  Va.,  85 

Hardin's  Bluff,  84 

Harper's  Farm,  267 

Harper's  Ferry,  85,  104-106,  211 

Harrison,  Fort,  218,  230 

Harrisonburg,  181,  228 

Harrison's  Landing,  92,  94,  97 

Hartsville,  123 

Hatcher's  Run,  235,  253 

Hatchie  Bridge,  110 

Hatteras,  Fort,  44 

Hatteras  Inlet,  44 

Helena,  151 

Henry,  Fort,  57-59 

High  Bridge,  267 

Hill's  Point,  128 

Hilton  Head,  51 

Hindman,  Fort,  122 

Honey  Hill,  241 

Hoovers  Gap,  141 

Hewlett  House  batteries,  208 


Huger,  Battery,  128 
Huger,  Fort,  271 
Huntley's  Corner,  200 
Huntsville,  76,  197 

Indian  Ridge,  127 
Irish  Bend,  127 
Ironton,  228 
Island  No.  10,  68,  75 
luka,  105,  108 
Ivy  Creek,  48 
Ivy  Mountain,  53 

Jackson,  Miss.,  135,  153 
Jackson,  Camp,  29 
Jackson,  Fort,   77-80 
Jackson's  Mills,  256 
Jacksonville,  124,  191 
James  Island,  89,  154,  254 
James  River,  252 
Jasper,  87 

Jefferson  City,  37,  228 
Jenkin's  Ferry,  186 
Jerusalem  Plank  Road,  208 
Johnsonville,  236 
Johnston's  Landing,  116 
Jonesboro,  225 
Jones  ville,  179 

Kansas  City,  26 

Kearsarge  vs.  Alabama,  204-207 

Kelly's  Ford,  155 

Kenesaw  Mountain,  209 

Kernstown,  69 

Kettle  Run,  98 

King's  Salt  Works,  230 

Kingston,  Ky.,  101 

Kingston,  Tenn.,  242 

Kinston,  256 

Knob  Gap,  116 

Knox  ville,  178 

Lafayette,  208 

Lancaster,  154 

Laurel  Hill,  39,  192 

Laurel  Mountain,  39 

Lawrenceburg,  111 

Lebanon,  81 

Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill,  159 

Lee's  Mill,  70 

Lexington,  Ky.,  43,  102,  110,  203 

Lexington,  Mo.,  46,  47,  234 

Liberty,  Mo.,  26 

Liberty,  Va.,  207 

Liberty  Gap,  141 


406 


INDEX  OF  BATTLES 


Liberty  Hall,  230 

Lisbon,  222 

Little  Blue,  234 

Little  Osage,  234 

Little  Rock,  155,  157,  182 

Liverpool's  Landing,  138 

Logan's  Cross  Roads,  55 

London,  156 

Lookout  Mountain,  173-174 

Louisville,  31,  41,  46,  108 

Lovejoy's  Station,  225 

Lucas  Bend,  45 

Lynchburg,  205,  206 

McAllister,  Fort,  124,  242 

McDowell,  82 

McMinnville,  101 

Macon,  272 

McRae,  53 

Magnolia  Hills,  130 

Malvern  Hill,  93-94 

Manassas,  41,  100-101 

Manassas  Gap,  154 

Manassas  Junction,  98 

Mansfield,  182 

Marais  des  Cygnes,  234» 

Marion,  246 

Mark's  Mill,  185 

Marksville,  196 

Martinsburg,  139,  210,  227 

Maryland  Campaign,  103 

Maryland  Heights,  211 

Mechanicsville,  85,  90 

Memphis,  88 

Meridian  Expedition,  180 

Middleburg,  140 

Middle  Creek,  55 

Milford,  54 

Mill  Creek  Gap,  190,  191 

Milliken's  Bend,  138 

Mill  Springs,  55-56 

Mine  Creek,  234 

Mine  Run,  178 

Missionary  Ridge,  175-176 

Mobile,  251,  253,  258,  271 

Mobile  Bay,  219-220 

Monette's  Ferry,  185 

Monitor  vs.  Virginia,  66 

Monocacy  River,  211 

Montevallo,  262 

Montgomery,  271 

Monticello,  130,  139 

Morgan,   Fort,   169,   197,  219,   et 

8eq. 
Morgantown,  50 


Morris  Island,  152,  153 

Morristown,  178,  235,  237 

Moultrie,  126 

Mound  City,  234 

Mt.  Jackson,  228 

Mt.  Sterling,  203 

Mt.  Vernon,  152 

Mt.  Zion  Church,  54 

Mud  Creek,  207 

Mud  March,  123 

Mulberry  Creek,  262 

Muldraugh   Hill,  47 

Munf  orcl  vi  lie,  105-107 

Murfreesboro,  94,  117,  et  seq.,  242 

Nansemond  River,  126 

Nashville,  61,  243,  et  sea. 

Natchez,  83 

National  Bridge,  256 

Neosho,  39 

New  Bern,  68,  125 

New  Bridge,  85 

New  Hope  Church,  198,  209 

New  Madrid,  62,  66 

New  Market,  196,  200 

New  Orleans,  79 

Newport  News,  65-66 

Newtonia,  109,  235 

Newtown,  85 

New  York  Draft  Revolts,  153 

Niagara,  222 

Norfolk,  27,  83 

North  Anna,  198 

North  Edisto  River,  253 

Northern  Neck,  130 

Oak  Grove,  90 
Oak  Hills,  43 
Old  Church,  89 
Olustee,  180 
Opequon,  227 
Orchard  Knob,  173 
Osage,  234 
Ossabaw  Sound,  201 
Ouachita  River,  181 
Owensboro,  108 
Ox  Hill,  102 

Paducah,  45 
Paintsville,  57 
Pamunkey  River,  84,  86 
Pascagoula  Expedition,  238 
Pasquotank  River,  59 
Payne's  Farm,  177 
Peach  Orchard,  92,   147 


INDEX  OF  BATTLES 


407 


Peach  Tree  Creek,  213-215 

Pea  Ridge,  63 

Pemberton,  Fort,  124 

Peninsula  Campaign,  67,  68 

Pensacola,  252 

Peralta,  77 

Perry  ville,  110-111 

Petersburg,  204,  264 

Petersburg  Mine,  209-218 

Philippi,  36 

Pickens,  Fort,  17-18,  25,  26,  38 

Pickett's  Mills,  199 

Piedmont,  202 

Pillow,  Fort,  75,  83 

Pilot  Knob,  228 

Pine  Mountain,  199,  203,  et  seq. 

Pittsburg  Landing,  71,  et  seq. 

Pleasant  Grove,  182-183 

Pleasant  Hill,  183 

Plymouth,  87,  184 

Pocotaligo,  112 

Pocotaligo  River,  179,  251 

Point  of  Rocks,  94 

Point  Pleasant,  66 

Poolsville,  104 

Poplar  Springs  Church,  229 

Port  Gibson,  130 

Port  Hudson,   128,  137,   140,   152 

Port  Republic,  88 

Port  Royal,  S.  C.,  51 

Port  Royal,  Va.,  126 

Port  Royal  Ferry,  53,  55 

Pound  Gap,  57 

Powell,  Fort,  220 

Prairie  Grove,  113 

Prestonburg,  55 

Pringle,  Battery,  210,  211 

Providence  Church  Road,  133 

Pulaski,  Tenn.,  229,  236,  238 

Pulaski,  Fort,  76 

Quaker  Road,  261 

Rappahannock,  155,  172 

Raymond,  135 

Reams  Station,  208,  223 

Red  River  Expedition,  179,  181- 

182,  185 

Resaca,  195,  221 
Richmond,  101 
Rich  Mountain,  39-40 
Ringgold  Gap,  177 
Roanoke  Island,  58 
Roanoke  River,  94 
Rochester,  50 


Rock  Castle  Hills,  49 

Rock  Wharf,  83 

Rocky  Face  Ridge,    190,    et   seq. 

Rocky  Gap,  139,  155 

Rosecrans,  Fort,  247 

Rowletts,  54 

Ruffs,  211 

Russy,  Fort  de,  134,  181 

Sabine  Cross  Roads,  182 

Sabine  Pass,  97 

Sacramento,  54 

Sailor's  Creek,  267 

St.  Augustine,  66 

St.  Charles,  89,  123 

St.  Helena  Sound,  51 

St.  John's  Bluff,  108 

St.  John's  River  Expedition,  109, 

110,  112 
St.  Louis,  29 
St.  Marks,  256 
St.  Philip,  Fort,  78 
Salem,  259 
Salem  Church,  134 
Saline  Bottom,  186 
Salineville,  154 
Salisbury,  271 
Saltville,  230,  237,  247 
Santa  Fe,  54,  66,  78 
Santee  River,  182 
Savage  Station.  92 
Savannah,  247 
Seabrook,  53,  55 
Secessionville,  89 
Second  Bull  Run,  100-101 
Sedgwick,  Fort,  263 
Selma,  265 

Seven  Days'  Battles,  90,  et  seq. 
Seven  Pines,  86-87 
Sewell's  Point,  83 
Sharpsburg,  107 
Shawnee  Mound,  54 
Shepherdstown,  108 
Shiloh,  71,  et  seq. 
Shreveport  Campaign,  181-183 
Simmsport,  203 
Smyrna,  211 

Snake  Creek  Gap,   191,   192,   194 
Somerset,  55,  126 
South  Anna  bridges   Expedition, 

144 

South  Mills,  77 
South  Mountain,  105-106 
Spanish  Fort,  261,  269 
Spotsylvania,  191,  et  seq. 


408 


INDEX  OF  BATTLES 


Springfield,  43,  49,  59,  116,  122 

Spring  Hill,  239-240,  247 

Stanford,  111 

Staunton,  202,  228 

Stedman,  Fort,  259-260 

Steele's  Bayou  Expedition,  125 

Stevens,  Fort,  212 

Stone  River,  117,  et  seq. 

Stono  River,  178,  210,  248 

Strong,  Fort,  254 

Suffolk  Campaign,  124,  126 

Sugar  Creek,  61 

Sugar  Loaf  Mountain,  104 

Sumter,  Fort,  16-18,  126,  170 

Tagodo  Creek  or  River,  253 
Tampa,  130 

Thompson's  Station,  124,  239 
Thoroughfare  Gap,  99 
Tiptonville,  75 
Totopotomoy,  199,  200 
Tracy,  Fort,  271 
Trevilian,  203,  204 
Trinity,  181 
Tullahoma,  141-143 
Tunnel  Hill,  181,  186,  190 
Turkey  Creek,  93 
Turner's  Gap,  105 
Tuscaloosa,  266 
Tuscumbia,  231 
Tybee  Island,  53,  54 

Union  City,  69 
Upperville,  41 
Upton  Hill,  49 

Valverde,  61 
Van  Buren,  116 


Vicksburg,  127,  137,  140,  150 
Virginia  vs.  Monitor,  66,  83 

Wagner,  Fort,  152,  et  seq.,  226 
Walker,  Fort,  51 
Warrenton,  125 
Washington,  D.  C.,  211-212 
Washington,  N.   C.,   104,  126 
Washita  River,  181 
Wassaw  Sound,  140 
Wauhatchie,  171 
Waynesboro,  228,  255 
Weldon  R.  R.,  208,  222,  223 
West  Harpeth  River,  246 
West  Liberty,  49 
Westmoreland  C.  H.,  138 
West  Point,  Ga.,  272 
West  Point,  Va.,  81,  204 
Westport,  234 
White  House,  200,  207 
White  Oak  Bridge,  93 
White  Oak  Road,  261-262 
White  River,  89,  123 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  155 
Wilcox's  Bridge,  256 
Wildcat,  Camp,  48 
Wilderness,  187,  et  seq. 
Williams,  Fort,  184 
Williamsburg,  81 
Williamsport,  151 
Wilmington,  112,  247,  255 
Wilson's  Creek,  43 
Winchester,  85,  139,  227 
Wise's  Fork,  256 
Woodbury,  50 
Wytheville,  242,  246 

Yazoo  River,  116,  124 
Yellow  Tavern,  193 
Yorktown,  70,  80 


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